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THE 






PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK, 

IN TWO PARTS; 

i , 

k | CONTAINING A GREAT VARIETY OF USEFUL EXERCISES 



I 



SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION, AND DERIVATION 



EXT .SI.ETAL 2S 01 WORDS 

DEDUCED FROM THEIR 

G v^EK AND.LAT/N ROOTS. 

THE SECOND PART ARRANGED ON THE BASIS OF BUTTER'S 
ETYMOLOGICAL SPELLING-BOOX. 



BY SAMUEL R. GUMMERE. 



PUBLISHED BY KIMBER & SHARPLESS, 
x<a 8 SOUTH FOURTH STREET; 
AND HEISltY. PERKINS, No. 134 CHESNUT ST. 

1836. 



/ 



• * SmfZzLttL. 



THE 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK, 



IN TWO PARTS; 



CONTAINING A GREAT VARIETY OF USEFUL EXERCISES 



SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION, AND DERIVATION; 



EXTENSIVE TABLES OF WORDS 

DEDUCED FROM THEIR 

GREEK ^ND LATIN ROOTS. 

THE SECOND PART ARRANGED ON THE BASIS OF BUTTER'S 
ETYMOLOGICAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



BY SAMUEL R. GUMMERE. 




PUBLISHED BY KIMBER & SHARPLESS, 
No. 8, SOUTH FOURTH STREET. 



1836. 



■m 






Entered according to the act of Congress in the year 1836, by 
Kimber & Sharpless, in the clerk's office of the District Court 
forv the eastern district of Pennsylvania. 



JL 



7* 



S 



STEREOTYPED BY J. FAGAN PHILADA. 



( 3 ) 
PREFACE. 



However diligent a teacher may be in the performance of his 
duties, the progress of his pupils will much depend upon the char- 
acter of the elementary books with which they are furnished. In 
science, the advantages of proper arrangement and classifica- 
tion have long been admitted; but in the compilation of even the 
best. Spelling-Books now in use, they appear to have been over- 
looked or very imperfectly exhibited. The child is led on from 
the alphabet, without much system or proper gradation of the 
exercises, to the most difficult combinations of the sounds re- 
presented by the alphabetic characters ; the author, apparently, 
having forgotten that the pupil, while learning the names of 
those characters, has obtained but little knowledge of the sounds 
they are intended to represent In the successive exercises, 
but little care seems to be taken to enable the pupil, as he ad- 
vances, to avail himself of the knowledge he has previously 
gained, — for instance, difficult monosyllables, of four or five let- 
ters, are placed before the simplest dissyllables, of which each 
syllable contains but two, or at most, three letters. A book of 
this description greatly impedes the progress of the child, and 
adds to the difficulties and perplexity of the teacher. The com- 
piler of the following Spelling-Book has endeavoured to avoid 
these defects, and to arrange the successive exercises in such a 
manner as to allow the pupil to proceed gradually from the 
known to the unknown ; and in every step of his progress to 
be assisted by what he has previously learned. 

The first part contains a regular and easy gradation of les- 
sons in spelling, consisting of words of one and two syllables 
only, classed according to the number of letters in a syllable, 
and arranged according to their vowel sounds. These lessons 
in spelling are interspersed with reading lessons, in the con- 
struction of which very few, if any, words have been used 
which have not occurred in some of the previous spelling les- 
sons ; so that if the child become familiar with the words in spell- 
ing, he will find little difficulty, it is believed, in pronouncing 
them correctly, and at sight, in reading. A number of pages of 
miscellaneous reading lessons are given, at the close of the first 
part, containing no words of more than two syllables, and none 
of them difficult ; but some of them not to be found in the pre- 
ceding pages. 

The second part contains a greater variety of exercises in 
spelling and pronunciation than can be found in any of the 
Spelling-Books now in use in this country. We have first a 
large collection of easy words of three or more syllables, ar- 
ranged according to the seat of the accent ; next follow difficult 
and irregular words, including a large number of those in 
which the pronunciation differs materially from the spelling, 



PREFACE. 



arranged according to the vowel sounds in the accented sylla- 
bles. By this plan, the pronunciation is indicated with suffi- 
cient clearness, without the introduction of figures and other 
signs, which children seldom, or never, understand, and which, 
therefore, serve only to perplex them, and deface the page. — 
These exercises are succeeded by a number of others both in 
spelling and pronunication, which afford the teacher the means 
of pointing out to his pupils some of the greatest anomalies 
in the language, at the same time that they are acquiring much 
other valuable information. Amongst these are an extensive 
collection of words sounded exactly alike, — several tables of 
those sounded nearly alike, — a great number of words having 
different significations according to the seat of the accent, and 
which are often mispronounced from inattention to this circum- 
stance, — tables of words spelled alike but pronounced differ- 
ently, — and an extensive collection of equivocal words, or those 
which are employed under different circumstances to express 
very different ideas : all which are best learned and remem- 
bered by being associated with their meanings, and are there- 
fore briefly but clearly defined. 

But the most important division of the second part is that ex- 
hibiting the derivation of several thousand English words ff om 
their Latin and Greek roots, arranged and defined as in the 
following example : 

Corpus, corporis, a body. 



Corporeal. Having a body, 

not immaterial. 
Corpulent. Having a bulky 

body. 
Corpse. A dead body. 
Corps. A body of soldiers. 
Corpuscle. A minute body. 



Corporal, a. Relating to the 
body. 

Corporal, n, The lowest offi- 
cer of a body of troops. 

Corporate. United into a 
body. 

Corporation. A body politic. 

Incorporate. To embody. 

To those pupils who are not to receive a classical education, 
this part of the work will be of great service. It will show 
them how many of the important words in their own language, 
are derived from those of Greece and Rome, and give them a 
much clearer idea of the meaning of such words, than they 
would otherwise acquire. Even those who are subsequently 
to study the Latin and Greek will find their labor lightened, 
by their previous knowledge of many of the most useful words 
in those languages. 

It is proper here to mention, that the second part of this book 
has been taken from " Butter's Etymological Spelling-Book," 
with such variations and corrections as were thought neces- 
sary to adapt it more fully to the wants of schools in this 
country. 

SAMUEL R. GUMMERE. 

Burlington. N. J. 1836. 



.yn^g 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



CONTENTS OF PART FIRST. 



Alphabet 

Words or Syllables of two letters 8 

Words or Syllables of three letters 9 

containing diphthongs 13 



Easy words of two syllables, of not more than two letters each 14 

three letters each 15 



Double consonants of three and four letters 21 

Easy monosyllables of four letters 22 

Easy words of two syllables, of not more than four letters each 25 

Easy monosyllables of five or more letters 31 

More difficult monosyllables 32 

Easy words of two syllables, of five or more letters 33 

Words of tw^ syllables rather more difficult than the preceding 37 



MISCELLANEOUS READING LESSONS. 



Sheep 44 

The Cow 44 

Spring morning 45 

The Golden Rule 45 

Hen and chickens .... 46 

Winter 46 

On Birds 47 

The Walk..... m. 47 

The Bad Boy 48 

The Earth and things upon it. . 49 

Trees 49 

The Boy of Dundee 50 



The Good Boy's Gift 51 

The Sparrows 52 

Advice to Children 53 

The Grape Vine 54 

Rice 56 



Salt. 



:.. 56 

Glass 57 

Gold 58 

Silver 58 

Iron 59 

Books 59 



Throughout the Spelling Lesson of Part I. a portion of 
each page is occupied with Reading Lessons, composed 
of words which are contained in some of the preceding 
spelling lessons. 

DCpPart I. is printed with a larger type, and bound 
separately, for the use of beginners. 



A2 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



CONTENTS OF PART SECOND, 



CHAPTER I.— SPELLING, 

Easy words of three syllables ...» Page 61 

four syllables ....-,, - 66 



Easy Polysyllables .- 68 

Difficult monosyllables ......... ^. .. . ..,«.,.. 70 

Difficult words of two syllables .......... ........... 73 

■ three syllables 76 

four syllables 81 



Difficult Polysyllables 83 

Proper names of persons, countries, &-c 85 



CHAPTER II.— PRONUNCIATION, 

Words pronounced exactly alike but spelt differently 91 1 

sounded alike in familiar speaking 100 

pronounced nearly alike : — 

the first of each pair having s, the latter z 101 

the latter of each pair having e, the former a 102 

the first of each pair having e, where the latter has i. 103 

the first of each pair ending in ts 103 ! 

such as are liable to be mistaken for each other 104 ! 

doubling the last consonant or not 105 

Aspiration „ 105 

Words differing only in accent .. . . . .. . 106 

differing in accent and sound -. 108 

spelt alike but pronounced differently 109 

Equivocal words 11] 

CHAPTER III.— DERIVATION. 

Latin prepositions used in composition of words 119 

Inseparable prepositions , . „ . 120 

Greek prepositions „ 121 

Terminations , J 21 

Words derived from Latin nouns 123 

adjectives 142 

verbs 7". 150 



Words derived from Greek roots 184 

Synonymous words from Greek, Latin, and English -.. 206 

Greek and Latin nouns, with their original plurals 207 j 

Latin and French words and phrases which are frequently employed 

by English writers 208 ■ 

Abbreviations 212 

Arithmetical Tables 213 j 



- - — . 

PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 7 




Roman Small Letters. 


a 


bcdefghijkl 


m 


nopqrstuvwx 


n 


y z 


rdpsmowetbe 


c 


xqfikauzgvh 




1 y J i 


Italic Small Letters. 


a 


bcdefghijkl 


m 


nopqrstuvw 


i 


x y % 


Roman Capitals. 


A 


BCDEFGHIJ 


K 


LMNOPCtRS 


D 


T TJ V W X Y Z 


FNJOZTMW 


H 


EBXPI KLU 




CRGQSVAY 

_________________^____— — — . — . — ., * 



** 



8 


PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 








Italic 


Capitals. 






Jl 


B C 


D 


E F 


G 


H I 


J 


K L 


M 


JY O 


P 


Q R 


s t ir r 


W X Y Z 




WORDS OR SYLLABLES OF TWO LETTERS, 


With the long 


or natural sounds of the vowels only. 


ba 


pa 


fe 


bi 


ni 


bo 


1 da 


ra 


ke 


di 


Pi 


do 


fa 


sa 


le 


fi 


ri 


fo 


la 


ta 


me 


ki 


si 


ko 


ma 


va 


ne 


li 


ti 


lo 


na 
no 


za 


re 


mi 


VI 


mo 
he 


bu 


nu 


by 


ny 


po 


du 


pu 


dy 


py 


ve 


ro 


fu 


ru 


fy 


ry 


we 


so 


ku 


su 


ky 


sy 


go 


to 


lu 


tu 


iy 


ty 


ho 


vo 
hi 


mu 


vu 


my 


v y 


zo 
ra 


fe 


ta 


lu 


mi 


pa 


no 


du 


va 


to 


te 


wo 


zi 


so 


he 


ka 


du 


hu 


Jia 


ze 


fy 


be 


by 


de 


zu 


ga 


«e 


hy 


fu 


ro 


my 


mo 


wa 


go 


we 





PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 


9 


WORDS OR SYLLABLES OF THREE LETTERS, 


Formed 


by prefixing a letter to those on the preceding page. 


la 


le 




li 




lo 


lu 


bla 


ble 




bli 




bio 


blu 


fla 


fle 




fli 




flo 


s flU 


pla 


pie 




pli 




plo 


plu 


sla 
ra 


sle 




sa- 




slo 


slu 
ru 


re 




ri 




ro 


bra 


bre 




bri 




bro 


bru 


dra 


dre 




dri 




dro 


dru 


fra 


fre 




fri 




fro 


pru 


pra 
era 


tre 




pri 




pro 


tru 

sky 


gle 




cri 




cru 


spa 


gre 




smi 




glu 


sly 


sta 


pre 




gro 




cry 


spy 


tha 


she 




sho 




dry 


sty 


tra 

W( 


the 




sto 




% 


try 
^RS, 


)RDS OR 


SYLLABLES OF TWO LET! 




Containing the other sounds of the vowels. 


ab 


an 


eb 




ib 


in 


ob 


ad 


ap 


ed 




id 


ip 


od 


af 


at 


em 




if 


ix 


Olfl 


al 


ax 


en 




il 


it 


on 


am 
ac 


az 


ep 




im 


is 


or 
un 


ec 


oc 




OS 


ub 


ag 


eg 


og 




ot 


ud 


up 


ar 


er 


op 




ok 


uf 


ur 


ak 


et 


of 




ol 


ul 


ut 


as 


ig 


ox 




US 


um 


"g 


Reading Lessons composed of the 


'preceding 


words. 


I am to g( 


3. 


A fly is on it — 




He is 


to be by me, 


It is my ox. 


Go up to the ox 


. 


if I 


go. 


Is it to go 


by me? 


Am I to g 


o up 


on 


If it is 


to be so, go 


No. I am to go 


itl 








on. 




to it. 




No- 


-do we do 


SO 


Ami 


to go by the 


Am I to do so? 


to 


the ox? 




sty 


\ 


Try to do 


as I do. 


If it 


is dry, she 


is 


Am I 


to go in, if 


I spy the 


ox — 


to 


g°- 






he is up ? 



m 



10 


PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 




WORDS OR SYLLABLES OF THREE LETTERS, 




Formed by prefixing a letter to those on page 


9. 


ad 


an 


at 


mat 


ed 


bad 


can 


bat 


pat 


bed 


lad 


fan 


cat 


rat 


fed 


mad 


man 


fat 


sat 


led 


pad 


pan 


gat 


ax 


red 


sad 

et 


ran 


hat 


wax 


zed 

it 


pet 


en 


in 


bet 


set 


den 


din 


bit 


get 


wet 


hen 


pin 


fit 


jet 


yet 


men 


sin 


pit 


let 


er 


pen 


tin 


sit 


met 
im 


her 


ten 


win 


wit 

ut 


or * 


ot 


ub 


dim 


for 


cot 


cub 


but 


him 


mor 


got 


hub 


cut 


kim 


nor 


hot 


rub 


hut 


rim 


por 


not 


sub . 


nut 


tim 


sor 


pot 


tub 


put 




Reading Lessons composed of th 


2 preceding words. 


The man sat on the bed 


. 






Get a pen for me. 








Do let 


me be the pet. 








Do not 


put my hat in the wet tub. 






The tin 


pan has a red rim. 






The cat is not to be fed 


yet ; let hei 


•go. 




I met a 


man at the hut ; 


he ran by 


me. 




A bat can fly, a lad can 


not fly but he can run or can sit. 


Do not cut the fly, it is a sin to do so. 




Do not let the cat get on 


my bed, for she is not to be on it. 


Get my pet a nut ; let h 


im sit by me. 




Can I sit on the mat ? No, for it is 


so wet. 




He is not to cry for my 


red fan ; it 


is not fit for 


a lad. 


The man can go to bed 


at ten. 






Put my cap up on the bed ; do not let it get wet. 


Do not 


put me to bed yet. 









PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 


11 


ag 


eb 


iP 


op 


ur 


bag 


web 


dip 


cop 


bur 


cag 


em 


hip 


fop 


cur 


fag 


hem 


up 


hop 


fur 


lag 


IX 


nip 


lop 


um 


nag 


fix 


rip 


mop 


gum 


rag 


mix 


sip 


sop 


hum 


wag 


SIX 


tip 


top 


rum 


ap 


eg 


id 


og 


ug 


cap 


beg 


bid 


bog 


bug 


lap 


keg 


did 


dog 


hug 


map 


leg 


hid 


fog 


3 u g 


nap 


meg 


kid 


hog 


mug 


sap 


peg 


lid 


log 


rug 


ig 


ox 


un 


up 


ar 


big 


box 


bun 


cup 


far 


dig 


fox 


fun 


pup 


as 


fig 


ex 


gun 


sup 


has 


P*g 


sex 


run. 


ud 


is 


wig 


vex 


sun 


mud 


his 



Reading Lessons composed of the preceding words. 
Bid the dog not to vex the old cat. 
Sit on my lap to get a nap. 
The pig can not run, it is so fat. 
The pan is of tin, so is the mug. 
He got wet, for he ran in the bog. 
Let her fan me, for I am so hot. 
The lad has cut his leg, put a rag on it. 
Let us go to bed, for the sun is set. 
Let me try to pin her cap on, for she can not pin it. 
The old hen ran at the cat ; so the cat hid in the keg, 
I am to do as I am bid; so is he. 
He is not a bad boy; let him get on the nag. 
I can hop on my leg ; it is fun to do so. 
Let him put his arm on the big dog. 
Do not let the dog run in the pen. 
Beg him not to sit on my wig. 
Let her hem a bag for me to put my peg top in. 



12 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



MONOSYLLABLES OF THREE LETTERS, 
Having the long sound of the first vowel ; being formed by the addi- 
tion of final e to those of two letters with the short vowel sound. 
ab abe id ide op ope 

ad ade il ile or ore 

ak ake im ime ot ote 

al ale in ine ov ove 

am ame ip ipe ub ube 

an ane ir ire ul ule 

ap ape od ode um ume 

at ate ol ole un une 

ed ede om ome up upe 

ev eve on one us use 

MONOSYLLABLES OF THREE LETTERS, 
Formed by adding a final letter to those on page 9. 
af ac arn in ur 

aft act arp ing urb 

an ar art ink urf 

and ard en or url 

ant are end ' orb urn 

, ap ark ens ord urp 

apt arm ent ork urt 



Reading Lessons composed of the preceding words. 
The man is sad ; for he got in a pit, and cut his leg and 

his arm. 
Did he cry ? no, big men do not cry. 
The kid is so shy I can not get up to her to pat her. 
Can she hem the top of my bag for me ? 
Fix it for her, and she can do it. 
I had a nut ; but the pig got at it and ate it. 
An ox is of use to us, but a fly or an ape is of no use to us. 
The fly got on the ape, and the ape ate it. 
Put the lid on the box, it has my wig in jfc 
Can I try it on ? No, a wig is not fit for a lad, it is for an 

old man. 
Let us sup and go to bed, for the sun is set. 
He has not fed the pig yet ; let us put it in the pen, and 

get it fed. 
The kid ran by the hut, and the dog bit her on the leg. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 13 



SYLLABLES OF THREE LETTERS, 
Containing diphthongs, 

(a) (e) (i) (o) («). 

bay bee die oak dew 

day see lie oam few 

hay ear pie oar hew 

may eat tie oat mew 

pay pea vie doe new 

say sea dye foe pew 

way tea eye hoe ewe 

ail eel lye owe due 

aim key rye toe hue 

air earn buy sew rue 

(aw) (ow) (oy) (6) (oo) 

jaw cow boy low coo 

law how hoy mow loo 

paw now joy row too 

raw our toy sow woo 

saw out oil owe two 

awl owl oin own who 



Reading Lessons. 
It is a wet day, and a fog is in the air, so as to dim the sun. 
Go and get a cup to put the tea in, for it is too hot to sip 

out of the pot 
I saw an owl in the big oak, but it did not see me ; for an 

owl can not see in the day. 
Is the man or the boy to mow the rye 1 The boy is to do 

it, for the man cut his toe and can not. 
May we go out and buy a bun or two for our tea 1 
Yes, and if it is too hot do not eat it now, but lay it by. 
The bee has wax on its leg, and yet it can fly. 
Do let me hug my own pet kid, may I not 1 
No, my boy, it may be fed ; but we do not hug a kid. 
Do not let the nag eat the hay, it is for the cow. 
Do not go out in the dew, it is too wet. 
May I buy a new toy, if I pay the man for it ? 
The boy got his new hat in the mud. 
He may eat a bit of pie, for he has not had his tea yet. 

~ B 



m* 



14 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



Of not 
Baby 
ha zy 
la dy 
la zy 
Mary 
ma zy 
sa go 
wa ry 
Eli 
e ra 
Le vi 
he ro 
re al 

ac me 
Ad am 
ad it 
al um 
An na 



EASY WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES, 

more than two letters each ; accented on the first. 

bi as 

dial 

diet 

icy 

i vy 

li ar 

li on 

mi ry 

pi ca 

ri ot 

tidy 

tiny 

vi al 



ar my 
ar id 
at om 
ax is 
ed dy 



bo 


ny 


du ty 


do 


zy 


du ly 


ho 


iy 


fuel 


Jo el 


fu ry 


on 


iy 


jury 
Lu cy 


po 


em 


po 


et 


pu ny 


po ny 


ru by 


po sy 


ru in 


ro 


py 


su et 


ro 


sy 


dy ei 


so 


fa 


ty er 


to 


r y 


tyro 


Em ma 


in to 


en 


y y 


ox en 


e P 


1C 


ugly 


ev 


er 


ully 


Ez 


ra 


un to 



Reading Lessons. 
Let us put the ba-by in the big bed, for the sun is set. 
The la-dy has put the fan on the so-fa. 
The li-on has run into his den. 
Let not the po-ny go to the fat ox-en. 
The big dog has put the li-on in a fu-ry, let us tie 

him up. 
Ma-ry is a ro-sy ba-by. 

Do not put the di-al on the so-fa ; put it in the sun. 
It is my du-ty to be ti-dy. 
She has a ti-ny tin cup. 
The big jug has sa-go in it. 
Em-ma is to di-et, but she may eat a bun. 
The fox was too wa-ry to let the li-on get him. 
May I lie on the so-fa, for I am do-zy? 
No, a la-zy boy may go to bed. 

We may go to see the la-dy, if the sun is not too hot. 
Go and sit by An-na on the so-fa. 
Is it a re-al ba-by? no, it is on-ly a toy. 
Lu-cy has 'an ug-ly red fan; do let me see it 
I can not see far, it is so ha-zy. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK* 



15 



EASY WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES, 
Of not more than three letters in a syllable ; accented on the first. 



a ged 
A mos 
an gel 
ba ker 
ba sin 
ca per 
ca ret 
ca ter 

era die 
era zy 
dra per 
fable 
fatal 
fra mer 
gra ter 
gra vy 



ce dar 
de ist 
de mon 
e vil 
fe ver 
le gal 
ne gro 
pe tal 



en sis 
dri ver 
fi nal 
fi nis 
fli er 
gi ant 
idle 
idly 



bo rax 
bo nus 
bro ken 
clo ver 
co Ion 
do nor 
dro ver 
flo ret 



Peter 
re gal 
bible 
bi ped 
bri er 
bri ny 
ci der 
cri er 



libel 
mi ner 
mi ser 
pi lot 
pi per 
pli ant 
ri der 
ri pen 



fo rum 
fro zen 
glory 
gro cer 
lo cal 
no ted 
o ral 
o ver 



bru tal 
bu gle 
era el 
cru et 
cu bic 
cu bit 
dra id 
du cal 

flu ent 
fluid 
fra gal 
gru el 
hu mid 
hu man 
ju ror 
lu cid 



Reading Lessons. 

An-na has a fe-ver ; put her to bed, and get her a cup 

of gru-el. 
Go o-ver to the dra-per, and pay him the sum I owe 

him. 
Bid the old ne-gro man cut the ce-dar for the tub: for 

e-ven if he is a-ged, he is not to be i-dle. 
I can not use the flu-id in the vi-al, for it is fro-zen. 
A-mos may get his hat, and go and buy me a vi-al 

of red ink. 
The man is cra-zy; do not try to vex him, for it is 

cru-el to do so. 
May I get a new bi-ble to day 1 for the boy has cut 

my bi-ble up. 
Yes, but he was a bad boy to do so to the Ho-ly Bi-ble. 
The cru-et was bro-ken, so I had to get a new one. 
An-na may put the oil in the new cru-et, if she can. 
If Ma-ry get a bri-er in her arm, and cry for it, we 

may say she is a cri-er. 
The a-ged la-dy has her cap on, but she has bro-ken 

her arm, and she can not tie it; so I am to go and 

do it for her. 



mm 



16 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



ha ter 
la bel 
ladle 
ma jor 
ma ker 
na dir 
na ked 
na tal 
na val 
pa eer 
pa gan 
pa pal 
pa ver 
ra ker 
sa ble 
sa yor 
say ing 
sha dy 
sha ker 
sha ver 



sla ter 
ta ken 
ta per 
tra der 
va por 
wa fer 
wa ges 



vi and 
vi per 
vi tal 
wi per 
po ker 
po lar 
por tal 



wa ver 


pro em 
Ro man 


ri val 


shi ny 


ro ver 


Si mon 


smo ker 


si ren 


smo ky 


sli my 


so ber 


spi cy 


so lar 


spi der 


sto ic 


spi nal 


sto ny 


spi ral 


sto ry 


sti fie 


to ken 


ti ger 


to paz 


tri al 


to per 



to tal 
vo cal 

vo ter 
wo ful 
lu nar 
lu rid 
mu ral 
mu sic 
plu my 
plu ral 
pu pil 
stu pid 
su gar 
Su san 
tru ly 
tu lip 
tu mid 
tu tor 
u nit 
use ful 



Reading Lessons. 

A stu-pid pu-pil is a tri-al to his tu-tor. 

See! the fly has got in-to the web of the spi-der, and 

can not get out. Now the spi-der can get at it and 

eat it. 
The ti-ger is in a fu-ry, and he may get out of his den. 
Su-san is to try to be use-ful, and not tri-fle as our 

la-zy Ma-ry did. 
Let her put the la-bel on the vi-al for me. 
May I get the la-dle to dip the ci-der out of the vat? 
Ask Ma-ry to see if the bed in the cra-dle is e-ven ; for 

if it is, I can put the ba-by in it now. 
The ta-per is so dim, we can not see to get in-to bed ; 

get a new one out of the box. 
Let An-na get me pa-per, ink, a pen, and a wa-fer. 
I saw in the pa-per a wo-ful sto-ry of a li-on and a 

boy: the li-on ate the boy up. 
The stu-pid boy ran in the mi-ry bog, and a vi-per 

bit his na-ked leg. 
Ma-ry put the la-dle and ba-sin into the tub. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 17 



Short sounds of the vowels. 

ab bot bed lam bid den bod kin 

ac rid bet ter big ot bor der 

ac tor eel lar bil let bon net 

ad der des pot bit ter bot tie 

af ter el der cin der cob web 

am ber em met eit y cof fee 

an tic emp ty dif fer cof fin 

an vil en ter dim ly com et 

as pen en try din ner cop per 

at las fel low dip per cor al 

bad ly fen der dit ty doc tor - 

bal lad fer ry fif ty dol lar 

ban ish fes ter fil let fod der 

ban ner fet ter fil ter ' fog gy 

ban ter gen der fin ger fon die 

bar rel gen tie fin ish for est 

bar ren hec tor fit ly fos ter 

bas ket Hen ry gin ger god ly 

bat ter ver y gip sy gos pel 



Reading Lessons. 
I let my bod-kin be in the en-try, and Lu-cy hid it, so 

I can not get it now. 
Ask Su-san to get a cup of cof-fee and a bit of ham, 

for the old cra-zy man. 
She has put a new bor-der on her old cap, but the 

cap is old yet. 
We may see the com-et af-ter the sun is set, but we 

can not see \t now. 
I saw an old gip-sy in the en-try to day, but I ran 

by her; for I was bid-den not to go to her. 
The ba-by has the col-ic ver-y bad-ly; get a cup of 

gin-ger tea for him, and put su-gar in it. 
The fig is bit-ter yet, let it be to ri-pen. 
Get me a dip-per or a la-dle, to dip the bat-ter out of 

the pot. 
A cin-der may get out on the new rug, put the fen-der 

up, it is in the cel-lar. 
Do not let the dog fon-dle on the boy ; he may be mad. 
I cut my lip bad-ly, and now it may fes-ter. 
Let Hen-ry get me his old at-las, and I can sew it 



bet-ter for him. 



B2 



18 


PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 


_ 


cam el 


hel met 


hil ly 


gos sip 


cam let 


ken nel 


in got 


hob by 


can cer 


lem on 


in let 


hop per 


can did 


lep er 


in ner 


hor net 


can dy 


let ter 


kit ten 


hor rid 


can ter 


lev el 


lim ber 


J oll y 


Can ton 


mel on 


Jim it 


lob by 


cap tor 


mem ber 


Iin den 


lofty 


car rot 


men tal 


lin en 


mod el 


car ol 


mer it 


lin net 


mod est 


car ry 


mer ry 


lit tie 


mor al 


cav il 


nev er 


liv er 


mot to 


dally 


pen man 


liv id 


nov el 


dan cer 


pen ny 


liv ing 


of fer 


dap per 


pep per 


liz ard 


or der 


fab ric 


pes ter 


mil ler 


pol ish 


fac tor 


pet-ty 


mim ic 


pop lar 


fag ot 


rec tor 


mit ten 


pot ash 


fan cy 


rel ish 


nim ble 


rob ber 


gal Ion 


ren der 


pil fer 


rob in 


- 


Reading 


Lessons. 




I saw a lit-tle lin-net in the 


pop-iar to day, but I could 


not get at 


it: it was too 


nim-ble. 




I can buy a 


cor-al for the 


ba-by, and 


a new hob-by 


for the lit-tle boy. 






E-li, do go 


and buy me a 


bit of lem 


■on can-dy for 


Ma-ry and An-na, who 


pes-ter me 


so, I can not 


fin-ish my 


co-py. 






Hen-ry got ; 


a lit-tle red r ob- 


in in the for-est for An-na ; 


may I get 


it a bit of my 


can-dv, for she has not fed 


it to day? 


Oh no; a rob-in can not 


eat can-dy. 


The dog may run af-ter the fox ; it is so 


lil-ly, I can not 


go af-ter him. 






Ez-ra may get on the dap-per nag, and 


car-ry the rye 


to the mil-ler. 






Did the boy 


tie the fag-ot? 


If he did he 


may o-pen it, 


for I can 


not. 






The man is to fin-ish the mel- 


on bed at the bot-tom of the 


gar-den to 


day, and I am to pay him his wa-ares for it. 


The lit-tle fel-low was ver-y 


mer-ry to 


day, for he got 


a pen-ny. 









PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



19 



gal lop 
gam mon 
gam ble 
gan der 
gar ret 
hab it 
ham let 
ham mer 
ham per 
han dy 
happy 
hat ter 
jack et 
jas per 
lad der 
Ian cet 
lap dog 
lat ter 
mad ly 
mad man 



ren net 
sel dom 
sen na 
-sev er 
sex ton 
tel ler 
tern per 
tern pie 
ten ant 
ten der 
ten et 
tes ty 
tet ter 
vel lum 
vel vet 
ven der 
ven om 
ver y 
ves sel 
ves tal 



pil lar 
pip pin 
pity 
riv er 
riv et 
sig nal 
sii ly 
sil ver 
sim mer 
sim ply 
sin ml 
sin ner 
sis ter 
six ty 
til ler 
tin der 
tin man 
tip pet 
win dow 
win dy 



Rob ert 
rot ten 
son net 
sor did 
sor ry 
top ic 
tor pid 
tor rid 
vor tex 
yon der 
bul ky 
bur den 
but ler 
but ter 
cum ber 
cur dy 
cur ly 
cur ry 
cur sed 
cus torn 



Reading Lessons. 

She has put the but- ter in my bas-ket, but I can not 
car-ry the bur-den now. 

The fur of an ot-ter is ver-y use-ful for a tip-pet for a 
la-dy. 

Ask the tin-man to get a new col-lar for my dog; for 
he has got the riv-et out of his old one. 

Ham or gam-mon is the up-per end of the leg of a pig: 
it is ver-y ten-der^ but it is of-ten too fat for a lit-tle 
boy to eat. 

A pen-ny is of cop-per, and a dol-lar is of sil-ver. 

Let the ten-ant get on the po-ny and gal-lop o-ver for the 
doc-tor; for an ad-der has bit-ten the old man, and 
its ven-om may be fa-tal to him ; and ask the doc- 
tor to put his lan-cet in his poc-ket. 

Sis-ter, do buy me a lit-tle vel-vet cap. 

Oh no; a hat is bet-ter for a boy, and a cap for a la-dy. 

To pil-fer is a ver-y bad and sin-ful hab-it for a lit-tle 
boy, and can nev-er ren-der him hap-py. 

Let me ask my el-der sis-ter to get on my new hob-by. 

The boy had bet-ter not go on the lad-der. 



20 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



mag got 
mag net 
mag pie 
mal let 
man ly 
man ner 
mar ry 
mas ter 
mat ter 
max im 
nap kin 
nas ty 
pal lid 
pam per 
pan try 
par rot 
pas tor 
raf ter 
ral ly 



ram ble 
ran dom 
rap id 
sad die 
sal ad 
san dal ' 
san dy 
sat in 
tab let 
tal ent 
tally 
tal on 
tam per 
tan ner 
tat ler 
vap id 
wag on 
cut ler 
cut ter 



dun ner 
dus ky 
dus ty 
fun nel 
fun ny 
gun ner 
gusty 
gut ter 
hur ry 
hus ky 
lum ber 
lum py 
lus ty 
mur der 
mur mur 
mus lin 
mus ter 
mus ty 
num ber 



pub lie 
pup py 
put ty 
puz zle 
run ner 
rus ty 
sud den 
suf fer 
sul len 
sul try 
sum mer 
sun set 
sup per 
sur ly 
tun nel 
turn ble 
tur nip 
ul cer 
un to 



Reading Lessons. 
We can get a ver-y use-ful oil out of the ol-ive ; we eat 

it on sal-ad. 
My un-cle had a puz-zle for Hen-ry, and he put it in the 

pan-try, and the mag-pie hid it. 
The Chi-na cup was in dan-ger of be-ing bro-ken. 
The flu-id in the ves-sel is ver-y tur-bid ; let us. fil-ter it, 

and put it in-to the bot-tle. 
A sul-len boy is nev-er hap-py ; he may go to bed, and 

let the lit-tle beg-gar eat his sup-per, for he is not so 

sur-ly. 
One win-dy day as I was go-ing o-ver the fer-ry, I saw 

an i-dle fel-low let his hat fly in-to the riv-er. 
If you go on the ice and get a tum-ble, I can not hin-der 

you ; do be so man-ly as not to cry. 
Our mas-ter is ver-y gen-tle and ten-der to us ; let us be 

man-ly and not pes-ter him, but. try to get our les-son. 
The owl and the ban-dit go out af-ter sun-set. 
Do not let the ox-en eat the mus-ty hay ; for the clo-ver 

is bet-ter. 
Let Rob-ert try his new mus-lin jack-et on ; it is up in the 

gar-ret. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



21 



be gan 
ca nal 
di van 
ja pan 
mis hap 
rat an 
re lax 
re act 
se dan 
tre pan 



Accented on 
be set 
ca det 
com pel 
ex pel 
for get 
ho tel 
im pel 
re pel 
be gin 
com mit 



the second. 

dis til 
for bid 
fulfil 
o mit 
per mit 
re fit 
sub mit 
un fit 
un til 
un pin 



allot 
be got 
ex tol 
for got 
con fer 
con cur 
de ter 
in cur 
pre fer 
re but 



Double consonants of three and Jour letters. 



ass 

bass 

cass 

lass 

mass 

pass 



all 

ball 

call 

fall 

hall 

wall 



ell 

bell 

fell 

sell 

tell 

well 



ill 

fill 

hill 

mill 

pill 

will 



add 

ebb 
inn 
off 
odd 



Reading Lessons. 

Hen-ry had bet-ter get the rye put in-to the wag-on, and 

let it be ta-ken to the mill. If he is not a-ble to car-ry 

it, it may be, the lus-ty mil-ler will do it for him. 
How well it is to try to do our du-ty to all men, and 

nev-er for-get our Ma-ker can see all we do ! 
The lass be-gan to cry, as she saw her par-rot get out 

of the win-dow, and fly off. How sil-ly it was to 

do so ! 
My sis-ter got me a new ja-pan box, to put my top and 

ball in. 
See the lit-tle ant try to pil-fer the rye, in or-der to lay it 

up to eat in win-ter. 
It may- be, the doc-tor will or-der a pill for the lit-tle boy, 

who is so ill ; and he may get well, if he will sub-mit to 

do as he is bid. 
Tell Hen-ry to try to sub-mit to all his mas-ter may tell 

him to do, for it is his du-ty to do so ; and if he is a 

bad boy, he may ex-pel him. 
Do not let the kit-ten see the lap dog, or it will run 

off. 



22 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



EASY MONOSYLLABLES OF FOUR LETTERS, 
Formed by prefixing a letter to those of three letters. 



ade 

bade 

made 

care 

dare 

fare 

ace 

face 

lace 

pace 

race 

ile 

bile 

file 

mile 

pile 



ake 

bake 

lake 

make 

take 

wake 



ale 

dale 

gale 

male 

tale 

vale 



ame 

came 

lame 

name 

same 

tame 



age 

cage 

page 

rage 

wage 



ice 

mice 

nice 

rice 

vice 



ide 

hide 

ride 

side 

tide 



lme 

lime 

time 

bite 

mite 



me 

fine 

mine 

nine 

pine 



vine 
wine 
pipe 
ripe 

wipe 



ate 

date 

fate 

gate 

late 

mate 

ife 

fife 

life 

rife 

wife 

ire 

fire 

hire 

mire 

wire 



Reading Lessons. 
Let us not go to the riv-er now, for the tide is up, and we 

will be in dan-ger. 
Ask A-mos to get the lit-tle wag-on, and let us take a 

ride by the sea side. 
Oh no ; for it is so san-dy, and the sun is ver-y hot : had 

we not bet-ter go by the sha-dy lake ? 
I will run and hide in the cor-ner ; but do not tell Hen-ry 

I am in it. 
Sis-ter Lu-cy, do sit at the fire side by us, and tell us a 

pret-ty sto-ry ; for it is so wet and win-dy, we are not 

to go out to day, or we may get ill. 
I will get up in time, and try to ful-fil the du-ty of the 

day ; for we can-not be hap-py if we do not do our 

du-ty. 
Take the old fen-der up in-to the gar-ret, and let if be ; 

for it is bro-ken, and we can-not use it. 
Do put the sad-die on my nice lit-tle po-ny, and let me 

ride a mile or two. Hen-ry will o-pen the gate and 

let me out, and run by my side. I will not gal-lop, or 

I may fall off. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



23 



ole 

hole 

mole 

pole 

sole 

and 

band 

hand 

land 

sand 

art 

dart 

hart 

part 

tart 

arm 

farm 

harm 

warm 



one 

done 

bone 

lone 

zone 



ope 

hope 

mope 

rope 

sope 



ore 

core 

fore 

more 

sore 



end 

bend 

lend 

mend 

send 



ent 

bent 

lent 

sent 

went 



ink 

pink 

sink 

cork 

fork 



ark 

bark 

dark 

hark 

lark 

mark 

park 

arn 

barn 



ing 

king 

ring 

sing 

wing 

ish 

dish 

fish 

wish 



hen 

then 

when 

hem 

shem 

them 

ith 

pith 

with 



ube 

cube 

tube 

mule 

rule 

orn 

born 

corn 

burn 

turn 

ust 

must 

rust 

hat 

that 

his 

this 

hip 

ship 



Reading Lessons. 

A cork jack-et is ver-y use-ful to a per-son who is on the 
sea, or in a riv-er ; for it will not al-low him to sink. 

If we let the fork lie in the wet, it will get rus-ty ; put it 
in the pan-try. 

An-na had a ring on her mid-die fin-ger, giv-en to her by 
her sis-ter. It had a ru-by in it, and was ver-y pret-ty, 
but it is not use-fuL 

If the fish is done, take it off of the fire and put it on a 
dish, and let Ma-ry car-ry it up to the ta-ble. 

Em-ma must not go to the fire, if she do not wish to burn 
her hand. I hope she will not for-get, or she may suf- 
fer all her life. 

Let us take a ram-ble by the up-per fer-ry, and see the 
men make the new ca-nal. A tun-nel is to be cut in-to 
the hill, to let the ca-nal pass un-der : for it can-not be 
made to pass o-ver the hill. 

An old man came by to day and be-gan to beg ; he told 
me a sad tale, and made me feel ver-y sor-ry ; so I ran 
to the pan-try, and got him a bit of my nice tart and an 
egg or two for his sup-per, and he went off ver-y hap-py. 



24 


PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 




lay 


lee 


owl 


lew 


rew 


clay- 


flee 


fowl 


blew 


brew 


play 


glee 


howl 


flew 


crew 


gray 


earn 


awl 


slew 


drew 


pray 


seam 


bawl 


blue 


grew 


stay 


team 


haul 


glue 


true 


ail 


air 


eat 


oat 


book 


fail 


fair 


beat 


boat 


cook 


hail 


hair 


feat 


coat 


food 


mail 


lair 


heat 


oar 


good 


pail 


nair 


meat 


boar 


look 


sail 
aid 


pair 


neat 


roar 


took 
oil 


eel 


ear 


low 


maid 


feel 


dear 


blow 


boil 


laid 


reel 


fear 


flow 


soil 


paid 


feed 


hear 


glow 


toil 


said 


need 


near 


grow 


dust 


gain 


seed 


leak 


slow 


must 


pain 


weed 


peak 


snow 


rust 




Reading Lessons. 




Ask the cool* 


: to fill the 


pot, and put it o-ver the fire ; for 


the meat must be put 


on to boil ] 


aow, or it will not be 


done for din-ner. 








A lit-tle boy 


is to use his fork to eat 


his meat with ; for he 


must not put his fin-gers in-to his dish. 




A fox has a 


ien, and so 


has a li-on 


but a wolf has a lair. 


A fox will bark, a wolf will how! 


, and a li-on will roar. 


A lit-tle boy 


may get ur 


) with the lark, but he 


is not to sit 


up late ; for that is not good for him. 




I will put on my warm 


coat, for it is a cold 


day, and I 


fear it wil 


rain. No, 


it is too cold to rain, 


but it may 


snow or hail. 








A row boat has no sail to it, but one or two men move it 


by oars ; it can-not go so fast as 


a ship. 




A good boy 


need not fear to stay 


in the dark, for it will 


not hurt him. 








Hen-ry has a big hole in 


his coat; 1 


:>ut if he will take it to 


his sis-ter, 


it may be 


she will mend it for him, if she 


can find time ; for he 


is not fit to 


go out so. 




A good boy 


will take care of his book, and will not soil 


it, or let it 


get torn. . 









PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



25 



EASY WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES, 
With not more than four letters in a syllable ; accented on thejirst. 



a corn 
a pril 
bane ful 
care less 
case ment 
da ring 
ha tred 
hate ful 
la tent 
la ding 
ma king 
ma tron 
na tive 
pa rent 
pave ment 
rain bow 
sa cred 
safe ty 
tame ly 



de cent 
eve ning 
feel ing 
fe male 
free dom 
gree dy 
neat ly 
need ful 
pea cock 
rea ding 
re cent 
re gent 
se cret 
trea ty 
reap er 
fear less 
cli mate 
fine ly 
fire side 



hind most 


hoi der 


hire ling 


home ly 


kind ly 


hope ful 


kind ness 


lo cust 


like ly 


mo ment 


like ness 


most ly 


live ly 


port ly 


mind ful 


po tent 


pi rate 


cu rate 


pri vate 


du ring 


ripe ly 


fu ture 


si lent 


mute ly 


time ly 


pure ly 


cold ness 


pu trid 


dole ful 


stu dent 


do tage 


sure ly 


flo rist 


tu mult 


fore man 


tune ful 


gold en 


use less 



Reading Lessons. 
The rain will run in-to the riv-er, and the riv-er will run 

in-to the sea ; and in a ship we may sail in safe-ty o-ver 

the sea. 
Ma-ry is ver-y care-less ; she let her book lie out on the 

pave-ment du-ring the rain, and it is now wet and use- 
less. 
If we put an a-corn in the soil, it will in time grow to be 

an oak; and oak tim-ber, as well as lo-cust tree, is ver-y 

use-ful in ma-king a ship. 
It will take an age for a big tree to grow, but a man can 

cut it down with his axe in a day. 
The snow is ver-y use-ful to keep the corn from be-ing 

fro-zen in our cold cli-mate. 
Hen-ry is a neat flo-rist ; his ro-ses and his tu-lips grow 

fine-ly. 
We must make the best use of our time, and not let a day 

pass i-dly ; for if we do, it will be lost to us for ev-er. 
My win-do w has an i-vy o-ver it, that will make it ver-y 

sha-dy to sit by in sum-mer. 



Mk^flk 



1 



26 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



ad vent 
Al fred 
blad der 
bran dy 
cat mint 
clap per 
clar et 
chat ter 
drag on 
flag on 
flan nel 
flat ter 
fran tic 
glad ly 
glas sy 
gram mar 
grav el 
hand ful 
plas ter 
scat ter 



Short 
bles sed 
cen tral 
clev er 
den tist 
dres ser 
Ed ward 
em blem 
help er 
her rir^g 
lend er 
plen ty 
pret ty 
rem nant 
rep tile 
self ish 
shel ter 
slen der 
ten dril 
test ed 
vend er 



vowel sounds. 
blis ter 
die tate 
dis tant 
flin ty 
glim mer 
glit ter 
grim ly 
grit ty 
in fant 
in land 
in mate 
prim er 
prin ter 
ring let 
sit ting 
slip per 
spig ot 
spin ner 
stin gy 
tim brel 



bon fire 
con cert 
drop sy 
fros ty 
frol ic 
grot to 
lob ster 
nos tril 
prob lem 
burn ing 
clus ter 
cur rent 
flut ter 
hunt er 
just ly 
mus tard 
plun der 
slum ber 
stud y 
turn pike 



Reading- Lessons. 

The ten-dril of the vine is made to curl o-ver the wall, 
and take hold of it, so that the vine may not fall un-der 
the load of ripe clus-ters that hang from it. 

Em-ma had a pret-ty wax ba-by giv-en to her ; with hair 
all in ring-lets, and eyes to o-pen and shut like a re-al 
in-fant. 

If we take a ride to day, let us go by the grav-el turn- 
pike ; for it is too dus-ty in this road. 

The cam-el is a na-tive of the tor-rid zone ; that cli-mate 
is hot, and he is ver-y use-ful to his mas-ter, to car-ry 
him o-ver the burn-ing sand. 

The boys went out in a frol-ic one day, and made a bon- 
fire in the lane ; it set fire to an old oak tree that grew 
near, but we put it out, and it did not do any more harm. 

My sis-ter put a mus-tard plas-ter on my side, and it has 
made a blis-ter ; how shall I man-age to cure it ? 

A lit-tle ol-ive oil on a rag will al-lay the pain. 

The reap-er went to cut the corn ; take him a bit of pie 
and a lit-tle cof-fee, for he is hard at la-bor, and he 
must not take bran-dv. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



27 



EASY WORDS OF 
Of not more than four letters 
a bate 
a wake 
be came 



be have 
be take 
be ware 
col late 
com pare 
de base 
de bate 
de face 
de fame 
di late 
dis play 
en gage 
es cape 
for gave 
for sake 
hu mane 



ad here 
ca reer 
con vene 
fore see 
mis deed 
re Cede 
re vere 
se rene 
ad mire 
ad vice 
as pire 
at tire 
bap tise 
be hind 
be side 
con fide 
com bine 
de cide 
di vide 



TWO SYLLABLES 

each ; accented on the second. 
de fine ab jure 

de ride ac cuse 

de sire ad duce 

dis like al lude 



en tice 
ex cite 
im bibe 
in vite 
a dore 
be fore 
be hold 
com mode 
com pose 
con trol 
de vote 
dis robe 
ex pose 
fore bode 
pro mote 



as sume 
com mute 
con fute 
con sume 
cos tume 
de duce 
de lude 
de nude 
dis pute 
ex cuse 
il lume 
im pute 
ma ture 
mis rule 
per fume 



Reading Lessons. 
Lit-tle sis-ters must not dis-pute and get an-gry, for it is 

ver-y bad to be-have so. 
We must try to con-trol our tem-pers, and nev-er give 

way to an-ger ; for the Bi-ble will tell us that this is 

sin-ful. 
Al-fred made a nice grot-to in the snow for us to play in, 

and he made a lit-tle bon-fire in it to il-lume it ; but the 

day was so cold, we had to run a-way be-fore we had 

time to fin-ish it. 
A wise man will be-hold much to ad-mire in na-ture, and 

will en-joy this dis-play of the glo-ry and wis-dom of 

our Ma-ker. 
In sum-mer, e-ven when the air is se-rene, it is of-ten so 

sul-try, as to ren-der it un-fit for us to be out in the sun ; 

we can then de-vote our time to stud-y, for we must 

nev-er be i-dle. 
In the Ho-ly Bi-ble we are told, that it is our du-ty to do 

as we like to be done by ; we call this the gold-en rule, 

and we must all try to o-bey it, if we de-sire to be-come 

good and hap-py. 



28 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



a bash 
ad apt 
a mass 
at tack 
ca lash 
com mand 
de camp 
dis band 
en camp 
en trap 
ex pand 
fore cast 
here at 
le vant 
mo rass 
per haps 
re cant 
re past 
sur pass 
un mask 



Short sounds 
af feet 
ar rest 
com mend 
con nect • 
con tend 
con test 
cor rect 
de ject 
di rect 
dis sect 
di vest 
ex pend 
fo ment 
him self 
in dent 
in fest 
la ment 
mo lest 
of fend 
per plex 



of the vowels. 
pre sent 
re gret 
re lent 
pro tect 
se lect 
sus pend 
tin bend 
un well 
up held 
con sist 
dis miss 
en list 
for give 
here in 
in stil 
per sist 
pre diet 
re miss 
un mixt 
up lift 



ac cord 
ab sorb 
a dorn 
as sort 
con form 
des pond 
emboss 
for lorn 
pro long 
un born 
un lock 
ab surd 
cor rupt 
de duct 
dis turb 
re fund 
re suit 
ro bust 
un furl 
un hurt 



Reading Lessons. 

A beet is a root of a dark red co-lor, in the form of a 
car-rot. Ma-ny per-sons use it to make a kind of su- 
gar that is ver-y good, but still, that made from the su- 
gar cane, is said to sur-pass it. 

In a cold day we of-ten sus-pend meat out in the air, so 
that it may be fro-zen; for that will make it more 
ten-der. 

My un-cle has gone to take a nap, and he told me not to 
al-low a-ny one to dis-turb him. 

Ed-ward hurt Rob-ert ver-y bad-ly ; but he went to day, 
of his own ac-cord, to ask him to fbr-give him. I did 
not see him af-ter that, so I can-not tell the re-sult of his 
ex-cuse ; but per-haps he for-gave him, as he was so 
sor-ry for it. 

The tu-lip pop-lar is a na-tive of our for-ests, and is a no- 
ble tree ; but it is not so stur-dy, nor so use-ful as the 
oak. Its blos-som is of a tu-lip form, and is ver-y pret-ty. 

The beg-gar has no coat ; be-fore I dis-miss him, I will 
pre-sent him with an old one of mine, and a hat and 
jack-et al-so ; for I fear he will suf-fer this fros-ty day. 



__ 


PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 


29 


EASY MONOSYLLABLES OF FIVE OR MORE LETTERS. 




Long sounds of the vowels. 




lake 


ride 


tone 


rude 


flake 


pride 


stone 


crude 


brake 


chide 


prone 


brute 


drake 


glide 


drove 


flute 


snake 


smile 


grove 


plume 


spake 
blade 


while 


stove 


prune 
chose 


glare 


drive 


glade 


share 


strive 


froze 


brace 


snare 


swine 


broke 


trace 


spare 
shak 


twine 


smoke 


blaze 


prime 


spoke 


craze 


spake 


slime 


stroke 


blame 


change 


price 


shore 


flame 


range 


trice 


snore 


shame 


strange 


spice 


store 


brave 


grace 


splice 


stole 


grave 


place 


spine 


drone 


slave 


space 


thine 


throne 




Reading Lessons. 




See how the smoke ri-ses 


from yon-der cot-tage ; now the 


flame can be seen. I fear some rude or 


care-less boy 


has ta-ken some fire out of the stove to 


play with, or 


per-haps 


he has put the can-die too near the bed, and 


set it in 


a blaze. How sad it must be for that boy, to 


re-flect on the dam-age 


he has done : for the cot-tage is 


now all < 


:>n fire, and can not be sa-ved ; so the pa-rents 


and chil-dren will have 


no home, and must seek a shel- 1 


ter in the barn or some 


other place. 




We met a 


drove of swine 


on the road, and 


they were so 


fat and la-zy, that we 


had to ride o-ver 


them al-most, 


be-fore they got out of 


our way ; but we 


did try not to 


hurt any 


of them. 






A rude lit-tle boy took a strange fan-cy to jump from the 


top of a 


lad-der ; the men told him he had bet-ter not 


do so ; but he chose to have his own way, 


and did lump, 


and he fell on a stone 


and broke his leg, and hurt his 


spine, so 


that he will al 


-ways be a crip-pl 


e. 



C2 



30 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



Other sounds of the vowels. 



land 

bland 

grand 

stand 

blank 

drank 

frank 

lamp 

clamp 

cramp 

stamp 

brand 

grand 

strand 

barge 

large 

charge 

larch 

march 

parch 

starch 



lend 

blend 

spend 

fence 

hence 

thence 

whence 



link 

blink 

drink 

shrink 

mince 

prince 

since 



lock 

block 

clock 

flock 

shock 

stock 

frock 



edge 

hedge 

ledge 

pledge 

sledge 

fetch 

wretch 



ring 

bring 

spring 

string 

cling 

fling 

sling 



loss 

gloss 

cross 

dross 

frost 

broth 

cloth 



dress 

press 

stress 

tress 

bench 

clench 

trench 



sting 

swing 

thing 

wring 

cringe 

fringe 

hinge 



prong 

strong 

thong 

throng 

botch 

notch 

scotch 



rush 
brush 
crush 
thrush 

grudge 

judge 

trudge 

lump 

clump 

plump 

stump 

trump 

snuff 

stuff 

crust 

trust 

thrust 

clung 

flung 

sprung 

strung 



Reading Lessons. 
An-na has got a pret-ty new frock, but she must not be 

vain of her dress ; for that is not only weak and sil-ly, 

but it is sin-ful. 
Ma-ny men cling to this life as if it were nev-er to end ; 

and ne-glect the life that is to come as if it were nev-er 

to be-gin. 
Starch is most-ly made from meal, and is ver-y use-ful to 

stif-fen parts of our dress. 
We can fling a stone ver-y far with a sling. We read in 

the Bi-ble, that Da-vid slew the gi-ant by the aid of his 

sling. 
A barge is a kind of boat, made to use in a ea-nal. 
Wax and but-ter will melt if put in the sun ; but sil-ver, 

gold, or cop-per has to be put in-to a hot fur-nace be- 
fore it will melt. 
Ask the maid to lay the cloth on the ta-ble, and put the 

plates on it ; for it is two o'clock, and it is time for din-ner. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



31 



MONOSYLLABLES OF FIVE OR MORE LETTERS, 

Containing diphthongs. 



ram 

brain 

grain 

train 

strain 



team 

steam 

stream 

scream 

green 



creep 
sheep 
street 
sweet 
wheat 



boast 

coast 

toast 

roar 

floor 



bound 

found 

ground 

round 

sound 



faint 


crease 


bleach 


flail 


spool 


paint 


grease 


peach 


snail 


stool 


saint 


leave 


preach 


trail 


goose 


chair 


leaves 


reach 


braid 


loose 


stair 


sheaves 


teach 


staid 


noose 


brawl 


bread 


mouth 


cloud 


voice 


crawl 


spread 
thread 


south 


proud 


choice 


scrawl 


shout 


brown 


broil 


cause 


tread 


spout 


clown 


spoil 


pause 


field 


flour 


crown 


could 


drawn 


shield ' 


prowl 


drown 


should 


spawn 


yield 


scowd 


frown 


would 



Reading Lessons. 

The far-mer sows his wheat and- rye in the fall, and the 
seed re-mains in the ground du-ring the win-ter, while 
the snow is found to Tbe ver-y use-ful to shield it from 
the frost. 

In the spring it looks green and live-ly, and in har-vest 
when it is ripe, it is of a yel-low or straw co-lor. The 
reap-er then cuts it with his sic-kle, and it is bound up 
in bun-dies, which we call sheaves ; then it has to be 
drawn from the field to the barn, to keep it dry ; for it 
would spoil if it should be left on the damp ground. 

When the grain is all safe-ly in the barn, the far-mers 
have a ver-y joy-ful time, and call it har-vest home. 
They then spread the sheaves on the floor of the barn, 
and take a flail, and beat out the grain from the straw. 
The grain is ta-ken to mill, and is there ground in-to 
meal or flour. The ba-ker jnakes bread of the flour ; 
and when we eat the bread, we should al-ways feel 
thank-ful to that great and good Be-ing who made us ; 
for he a-lone can cause the grain to grow, and can feed 
and keep us to the last day of our life. 



32 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING BOOK. 



MORE DIFFICULT MONOSYLLABLES. 



ray 

spray 

stray 

they 

whey 

blade 

shade 

crape 

grape 

shape 

slate 

state 

great 

fare 

bear 

pear 

tear 

wear 

swear 

square 



east 

beast 

feast 

least 

yeast 



trice 

thrice 

twice 

slice 

splice 



storm 

warm 

swarm 

morse 

horse 



bite 

fight 

light 

might 

night 

right 

sight 

tight 



rich 

ditch 

which 

switch 

stitch 

pitch 

hinge 

fringe 



good 

could 

would 

should 

how 

howl 

fowl 

growl 



fall 

small 

brawl 

crawl 

walk 

talk 

stalk 



light 

blight 

right 

bright 

fright 

white 

write 



well 

dwell 

swell 

spell 

shell 

hence 

pence 



furl 
curl 
girl 
bird 
third 

run 

done 

come 

some 

first 

thirst 

dirt 

shirt 

burn 

spurn 

churn 

birth 

mirth 

worth 

earth 



Reading Lessons. 

An-na has just been ma-king a shirt for her un-cle; it 
was done ver-y neat-ly, and this is the third that she 
has made for him ; is she not a ver-y use-ful lit-tle girl? 

Slate is a sub-stance which is dug out of the earth ; it is 
some-times u-sed to cov-er the tops of hou-ses, and it is 
so soft that it can be cut in-to small squares, which 
are much u-sed by chil-dren at school to write up-on. 

A horse is a ver-y use-ful beast; he will car-ry us on his 
back and draw us in a wag-on, and do ma-ny oth-er 
things for us ; and we in re-turn must be ver-y care-ful 
not to abuse him, but to take care of him, and pro-vide 
for him when he is too old and fee-ble to work. 

Yeast is the scum that ri-ses on beer af-ter it has be-gun 
to fer-ment; it is used to put in bread, to make it light. 

Old Tray is ver-y trus-ty, and takes a great deal of care 
to guard our house. He will lie all night out-side of the 
door, and if a-ny one should try to get in-to the house, 
he will bark and growl to give us notice of our dan-ger. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



33 



EASY WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES 
Of jive or more letters, accented on the first ; long vowel sounds. 



blame less 
brave ly 
brace let 
ca dence 
chair man 
fra grance 
frame work 
grace ful 
grave ly 
grate ful 
grape vine 
grave stone 
hail stone 
paste board 
race horse 
shame ful 
shape less 
states man 
stran ger 



state ly 
state ment 
trades man 
va grant 
whale bone 
breed ing 
cheer ful 
clear ness 
dream er 
feast ing 
fleet ness 
free stone 
glean er 
green ness 
greet ing 
plead er 
sweet en 
teach er 
treat ment 



blind fold 
blind ness 
bride groom 
child hood 
fire brand 
grind stone 
ice plant 
mile stone 
si lence 
spike nard 
ti dings 
vi brate 
wine press 
board er 
boast er 
close ness 
gold smith 
hoar frost 
load stone 



Reading Lessons. 

The Bi-ble is the best book in the world; it tells us how 
we must live here, that we may be hap-py in the life to 
come. We should of-ten read it a-lone and in si-lence, 
and try to feel grate-ful to our Ma-ker for such a rich 
bless-ing. 

Su-gar is use-ful to sweet-en our tea and cof-fee; we 
ob-tain it from the su-gar-cane, and some pre-pare it 
from the beet. 

Child-hood is the most hap-py sea-son of our life ; but it 
pass-es with fleet-ness a-way, and we enter upon the 
du-ties and tri-als of more ma-ture age. 

Blind-ness is a sad thing, and all kind . lit-tle boys or girls 
will pit-y those who are blind, and nev-er mock or 
de-ride them ; for that would be shame-ful treat-ment. 

If Hen-ry is go-ing to stay at home, I wish he would 
make me a lit-tle paste-board box to hold my pens ; for 
I must not scat-ter them o-ver my desk. 



34 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



ab stract 
ad verse 
back wards 
black smith 
blank et 
branch es 
grand child 
grass plot 
frank ness 
hand spike 
lamp black 
land scape 
sand stone 
scant ling 
scram ble 
stand ing 
thank ful 
trans port 
egg plant 
fresh ness 



Short vowel sounds. 
mem brane 
sen tence 
splen did 
splen dor 
trench er 
brim stone 
chick en 
dis tance 
in come 
ink stand 
in stance 
in stinct 
mill stone 
min strel 
mis tress 
pit tance 
scrib ble 
scrip ture 
six pence 
spring tide 



splin ter 
sprin kle 
still ness 
strip ling 
trink et 
com merce 
con stant 
con trite 
con tract 
doc trine 
lock smith 
non sense 
off spring 
stock ing 
blunt ness 
frus trate 
hunts man 
pur chase 
struc ture 
sub stance 



Reading Lessons. 

My sis-ter made me a pres-ent of a ver-y pret-ty ink-stand 
to take with me when I trav-el. 

Af-ter a sum-mer show-er how pleas-ant it is to en-joy the 
splen-dor of the rain-bow, the fresh-ness of the land- 
scape, the fra-grance of the flow-ers, and the cheer-ful 
mu-sic of the birds a-mongst the branch- es. Let us be 
grate-ful to Him who made, up-holds, and gov-erns all. 

A lit-tle girl should nev-er go with a hole in her stock- 
ing ; if she can-not mend it, she must ask her moth-er, 
, or her ol-der sis-ter to do it for her. 

The egg-plant has its name from its shape, which is like 
that of an egg; it will grow best in a san-dy soil. 
When the skin is ta-ken off, we may fry it in but-ter, 
and it is a ver-y nice rel-ish for tea. 

Rob-ert gave me six-pence this morn-ing, and I gave it to 
a poor old beg-gar I met on the road, who said he had 
not had a-ny thing to eat since the day be-fore. 

Em-ma has lost the key of her trunk, and she can-not get 
her frock out. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



35 



ab stain 
block ade 
com plain 
con straint 
de clare 
de grade 
de range 
dis claim 
dis grace 
dis place 
em brace 
en grave 
en slave 
en snare 
ex change 
ex plain 
mis place 
re straint 
trans late 
un chaste 



Accented on the second. — Long 
a sleep 
be neath 
be tween 
com plete 
dis creet 
ex treme 



in crease 
re lease 
re treat 
un clean 
be sides 
con spire 
con trive 
de light 
de prive 
en twine 
i in quire 
per spire 
re cline 
sur prise 



vowel sounds. 
a float 
a shore 
de plore 
dis close 
di vorce 
en force 
en gross 
ex plode 
im plore 
re store 
trans pose 
trans port 
un close 
ab struse 
con elude 
ob scure 
ob trude 
pre elude 
trans fuse 
trans mute 



Reading Lessons. 

We con-elude that the moon is not so large as the earth, 
from the fact, that when the earth comes be-tween it 
and the sun, the sha-dow of the earth cov-ers the 
en-tire sur-face of the moon. 

My les-son is ver-y ab-struse ; may I ask Al-fred to ex- 
plain it to me ? for I do not want to get in-to dis-grace, 
and of-fend my teach-er. 

In the po-lar sea. the cold, is ex-treme, and the ice so 
corn-pact as to ren-der it ver-y hard for a ves-sel to 
ex-plore those re-gions. A ship of-ten be-comes fast 
be-tween two fields of ice, so that the crew can-not 
re-lease her, and they per-ish with cold and hun-ger. 

As I went by the riv-er one day, I saw a man skate so as 
to cut his name on the ice. He went on ver-y well for 
a time ; but at last he got up-on a part where the ice 
was too thin to sup-port him ; it gave way un-der him, 
he fell in, and we all be-gan to fear he would drown; 
but our sur-prise and de-light were great to see him 
ap-pear a-gain, and scram-ble a-shore. 



36 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 


Accented on the second. — Short vowel sounds. 


ad vance 


de fence 


ab scond 


con tract 


dis tress 


ab solve 


des patch 


ex pense 


de volve 


en chant 


ex press 


en dorse 


en hance 


im mense 


in volve 


ex panse 


pre tence 


re morse 


fi nance 


re fleet 


re solve 


i in graft 


re fresh 


re sponse 


per haps 


re spect 


trans form 


pro tract 


re venge 


ac curse 


re lapse 


sus pense 


con struct 


ro mance 


trans gress 


con vulse 


sub tract 


afflict 


dis burse 


sup plant 


a midst 


dis trust 


trans plant 


con vince 


di vulge 


ad dress 


dis tinct 


ex punge 


ag gress 


im print 


« in dulge 


at tempt 


in fringe 


in struct 


com mence 


re strict 


re pulse 


com press 


trans mit 


un furl 


con dense 


un hinge 


un strung 




Reading Lesson 


?. 


Do not swing on 


the gate, for it 


may un-hinge it; and 


then it will re-quire both time and 


ex-pense to re-pair it. 


A wise man has said, that if we re- 


fleet twice be-fore we 


speak once, we w r ill speak twice the bet-ter for it. 


It is too cold, for 


my rose-tree to 


re-main in the bed ; I 


will trans-plant 


it in-to a pot, and put it in a cor-ner of 


the win-dow, where it will have free ac-cess to the sun 


and air. 






How lit-tle ma-ny 


of us, who en-joy the com-forts of a 


warm and hap-py home, think up- 


on the dis-tress which 


the poor have to suf-fer, du-ring a 


. se-vere win-ter ! 


May I ask my s.is-1 


ter to en-dorse this let-ter for me ? for 


I can-not do it nice-ly. 




It is our du-ty to pay re-spect to oui 


• pa-rents ; and nev-er 


trans-gress their 


com-mands, or 


dis-tress them in any 


way. 






The Bi-ble says, < 


' Chil-dren, o-bey 


your pa-rents in the 


Lord, for this is right." 





PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



37 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES, 

Rather more difficult than the preceding, arranged according to the 
vowel sounds of the accented syllables ; accented on the first. 



{Fate) 
air pump 
diair man 
cnam ber 
dain ty 
day book 
faint ly 
great ness 
pain ful 
pay ment 
pray er 
rai ment 
vain ly 

bar ley 
car pet 
char coal 
dark ness 



(Far) 
far mer 
gar den 
gar ment 
har vest 
parch ment 
par lor 
scar let 
shar pen 
spar kle 
star light 
tar nish 
(fall) 
al most 
al ways 
bal sam 
cor ner 
dor mant 



(Fall) 
horse man 
law ful 
mor sel 
saw yer 
wal nut 
war ble 
wa ter 

(M 

ab sence 
ac tive 
ad verb 
bal ance 
bram ble 
cab bage 
chap ter 
fam ine 
frag ment 



Reading Lessons. 

The saw-yer has not had a mor-sel to-day; there are 
pbn-ty of frag-ments that we left from din-ner ; take 
them to him with a mug of wa-ter, for we, who have 
an am-ple sup-ply of all that is good, should not for-get 
the poor. 

A fam-ine is a ver-y sad and pain-ful thing, and of-ten 
hap-pens when a-ny dam-age is done to the grain, so 
that the har-vest does not yield the need-ful sup-ply. 
Per-sons of-ten suf-fer ver-y much for want of food, 
and some e-ven die with hun-ger. 

I saw an ac-tive lit-tle fel-low to-day try to as-cend to the 
top of a large wal-nut tree, to get some fine wal-nuts 
that grew on it ; but af-ter he had gone a lit-tle way up, 
I saw his foot slip, and he fell and broke his leg. I heard 
his pa-rents for-bid him to do it; and it is al-most 
al-ways the case, that when lit-tle boys and girls do not 
mind what is said to them, they have to suf-fer for it in 
some way. 

D ==m 



38 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



(me) 
bea ver 
bee hive 
dear ly 
neat ness 
nee die 
peace ful 
preach er 
steel yard 
weak ness 
wea ry 
year ly 

(met) 
blem ish 
dread ful 
dwel ling 
el bow 
friend ly 
health y 
heav en 
help less 



(met) 
mes sage 
pleas ant 
res pite 
sec ond 
shep herd 
splen dor 
stead y 
twen ty 
wed ding 
wel come 

( pine) 
blind ness 
bright ly 
child ish 
fire wood 
light ning 
might y 
spright ly 
tire some 
twi light 



(pin) 
bish op 
build er 
build ing 
chim ney 
chis el 
cis tern 
fig ure 
fin ish 
in sect 
kitch en 
-mid night 
milk maid 
mis tress 
pil grim 
pil low 
quick ly 
rich es 
sick ness 
skil ful 
vil lage 



Reading Lessons. 

The moon will not rise till near mid-night ; but the plan- 
ets are shi-ning with a mild and stead-y light, and the 
stars spar-kle in the sky with all their splen-dor. 

I like ver-y much to look at a num-ber of skil-ful lit-tle 
bees, build-ing their ceils with so much neat-ness in the 
bee-hive ; they nev-er seem to get wea-ry, but to work 
all day with-out res-pite un-til they fin-ish them. These 
lit-tle in-sects are ver-y friend-ly to each oth-er ; but if 
a stran-ger should at-tempt to en-ter their dwel-ling to 
pil-fer a part of their rich-es, they would quick-ly u-nite 
to ex-pel him from the hive. 

I went in-to a room one day, and saw two lit-tle boys 
sit-ting at their les-sons ; one sat in an e-rect and grace- 
ful man-ner, the oth-er had his el-bow on the ta-ble, and 
his feet on the round of the chair. He said he was 
wea-ry, and that it was ver-y tire-some to have to sit 
up so long ; but I told him, that an e-rect pos-ture was 
the most health-ful, and hab-it would soon ren-der it 
the most pleas-ant. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 39 


(no) 


(not) 


(oi) 


boat man 


bios som 


boil er 


cloth ing 
coarse ly 


bon dage 


choice ly 


bot torn 


joy ful 


grow ing 


clos et 


loi ter 


hoa ry 


com mon 


moist en 


know ing 


cot (age 


noi sy 


moul der 


cot ton 


oint ment 


no tice 


for est 


point er 


oat meal 


mod ern 


poi son 


poul try 


pros pect 


voy age 


pro noun 


stock ing 


(ovi) 


wo ven 


(nor) 


bow er 


(move) 


bor row 


cow ard 


bloom ing 


for ward 


cow slip 


cool ness 


lord ship 


down ward 


fool ish 


morn ing 


down y 


fruit ful 


or chard 


drow sy 


moon light 


or phan 


flow er 


move ment 


scorn ful 


out ward 


poor ly 


tor pid 


pow der 


rude ness 


vor tex 


show er 




Reading Lessons. 


When a lit-tle boy is sent with a 


mes-sage, he should not 


loi-ter by the 


way, or stop to 


no-tice all the new ob- 


jects that he 


meets with; but he should has-ten for- 


ward with as much speed as 


he can. 


The mole and bat re-main tor-pid 


du-ring the win-ter, and 


thus they do 


not feel the ef-fects of ex-treme cold. 


When spring 


re-turns theyre-vive, to en-joy once more 


the plea-sure 


of liv-ing. 




Cot-ton is a dow-ny sub-stance, 


which is found in the 


pods of a plant grow-ing on-ly 


in warm cli-mates ; it is 


spun, and wo 


-ven in-to a kind of cloth, which bears the 


name of mus 


-lin. 




Let us go to the cot-tage near 


the for-est to see old 


Sa-rah, and take her a lit-tle oat-meal ; for, though she 


is old and fee-ble, we should 


not des-pise her, know- 


ing that a hoa-ry head is a crown of glo-ry, if it be 


found in the 


way of truth. 





40 


PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 


(tub) 


(tub) 


(tube) 


buck et 


mer chant 


beau ty 


bun die 


mon ey 


du ranee 


but ton 


mut ton 


fu tile 


cir cle 


nour ish 


neu ter 


elum sy 


nurs ling 


new ly 


com fort 


per feet 


pew ter 


coun try 


per son 


plu mage 


crum ble 


pub lish - 


stew ard 


cun ning 


pun ish 


u sage 


cur tain 


scuf fle 


(bull) 


ear ly 


ser mon 


bul lock 


fer tile 


ser pent 


bush el 


fer vent 


shov el 


cue koo - 


firm ly 


snuf fers 


foot man 


fur nish 


strug gle 


foot stool 


her mil 


stub-born 


good ness 


hun dred 


sub stance 


pud ding 


jus tice 


sul phur 


pul ley 


ker nel 


sun rise 


wood en 


learn ing 


sur face 


wool len 


love ly- 


won der 


wors ted 




Reading Lessons. 


Some per-sons are vain of their 


»ood looks, but this is 


ver-y fool-ish ; for beau-ty, like a flow-er, will soon 


fade; anc 


sen-tie and mod-est con-duct will ren-der us 


much more love-ly. 




Wors-ted is 


a sort of wool-len cloth, which,, as it is ver-y 


warm, is 


much u-sed for cloth- 


ing, and adds a great 


deal to our com-fort in win-ter. 




Some per-sons like to live in the 


coun-try all the year 


round; but I should pre-fer to 


stay in the coun-try in 


sum-mer, 


and en-joy the com-forts of the city in 


win-ter. 






If we take 


a wal-nut and look at it, we shall find that it 


con-sists of two parts : the shell, 


which is the hard sub- 


stance on 


the out-side, and the 


ker-nel, which is good 


for food. 






When we are in the coun-try, it is 


ver-y pleas-ant to rise 


ear-ly and take a walk ; for all things a-round us then 


look so fresh and love-ly, and 


na-ture ap-pears in all 


her beau- 


ty. 


'■: 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. . 41 




Accented on the second. 




(fate) 


(me) 


(met) 


at tain 


ap pear 


ac cess 


a way 


ad here 


be head 


be tray- 


be lief 


con fess 


be wail 


con ceal 


con tempt 


cas cade 


de cease 


de scend 


con tain 


de ceit 


ef feet 


de fray 


de cree 


ex press 


dis play 


de feat 


in stead 


es cape 


dis please 


my self 


for bear 


en dear 


neg lect 


or dain 


en treat 


of fence 


re main 


es teem 


our selves 


re pair 


ex ceed 


re quest 


un chain 


in deed 


sue cess 


(for) 


per ceive 


un less 


a larm 


pre cede 


(pine) 


dis card 


pro ceed 


ac quire 


dis charge 


re peat 


af fright 


em bark 


se vere 


re side 


re gard 


sin cere 


trans pire 



Reading Lessons. 

If we try strict-ly to dis-charge all our du-ties, and are 
sin-cere in our ef-forts to do what is right, we will gain 
the love and es-teem of the good and the wise. 

When we have a. hard les-son to learn, we must not neg- 
lect it, or put it off till some other time ; but we must 
ap-ply our-selves to it at once ; for un-less we do, we 
can-not ex-pect suc-cess. 

A cas-cade is a fa]J of water from some high place on to 
the rocks be-low. It has of-ten a ver-y pret-ty ef-fect, 
and adds much to the beau-ty of a pros-pect. 

When we have done wrong, we are ver-y apt to try to 
con-ceal it, that we may es-cape cen-sure ; but it would 
be much bet-ter to con-fess our faults, and try not to 
re-peat them ; for de-ceit is in it-self a ver-y great 
of-fence, and if we ac-quire bad hab-its when we are 
young, they will be like-ly to re-main with us, and to 
in-crease as we ad-vance in life. 

D2 



42 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



(note) 
be low 
be moan 
be stow 
de pose 
dis course 
dis own 
en croach 
re course 
re proach 
un load 

(move) 
ap prove 
balloon 
dis prove 
fes toon 
har poon 
here to 
im prove 
mis rule 
re move 
un true 



(not) 
a dopt 
a long 
be yond 
be gone 
be long 

(nor) 
a broad 
a cross 
ap plaud 
a ward 
de fraud 
ex tort 
re call 
re sort 
re ward 
un bought 
un taught 

(tub) 
a bove 
ad judge 
affront 



(tub) 
a mong 
a mongst 
as perse 
as sert 
be come 
in vert 
ob serve 
pre serve 
re verse 
un done 
un heard 
un learn 

(tube) 
a muse 
con fuse 
im mure 
in fuse 
pe ruse 
pro cure 
re new 
re sume 



Reading Lessons. 

A balloon is a globe made of silk, so tight as not to 
^ad-mit any air. A sort of bas-ket is fix-ed be-low it 
by means of cords, and the bal-loon is then flll-ed 
with ver-y light air, which caus-es it to as-cend. A 
man can sit in the bas-ket or car, and be borne a-long 
in the air with ver-y great speed ; much fast-er than 
if he were in a ship, but it is not near so safe; for 
ma-ny things may be-fal him which might in-jure him 
ver-y much. 

A har-poon is a kind of spear used by fish-ers to at-tack 
whales, and oth-er large fish ; it has a broad flat head, 
which is made in such a man-ner that when once it 
has been thrown in-to the flesh, it is ver-y hard to 
re-move it ; and it re-mains there till the fish ex-pires 
from weak-ness and loss of blood. If it be a whale 
that is ta-ken, the sea-men then pro-ceed to col-lect 
the fat; which, af-ter be-ing melt-ed and made pure, 
is used for burn-ing in lamps. It af-fords a strong 
and clear light, and pass-es un-der the name of lamp oil. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



43 



Words of two syllables in which ti, 
like sh : accented on 

gra cious fac tion 

na tion fac tious 

pa tient frac tion 

spa cious frac tious 

sta tion man sion 

gre cian pac tion 

lo tion sane tion 

mo tion mar tial 

no tion par tial 

por tion men tion 

po tion pen sion 

quo tient sen tient 

so cial ten sion 

ac tion pre cious 

cap tion sec tion 

cap tious mer sion 

In which the vowel i, is sounded 

al ien fil ial 

coll ier mill ion 

court ier on ion 



si, and ci, are sounded 
the first. 

ter tian 
ver sion 
die tion 
fie tion 
fie tious 
fric tion 
vi cious 
vi sion 
op tion 
func tion 
June tion 
nup tial 
sue tion 
unc tion 
auc tion 
cau tion 



like the consonant y. 
pill ion 
scull ion 
triv ial 



Reading Lessons. 

In ev-ery sta-tion of life we have so-cial du-ties to per-form ; 
and. we should be ver-y cau-tious not to neg-lect them, 
or we shall give pain and trou-ble to those a-round us. 

A coll-ier is one who works in the coal mines un-der 
ground: it must be ver-y dis-mal to be shut up in 
such a dark and drea-ry place, far from the light of 
day, and all the pleas-ures of a cheer-ful home. We 
should not for-get that por-tion of our fel-low crea-tures 
who spend their lives in pa-tientla-bor for us, while 
we can en-joy the com-forts of our spa-cious man-sions. 

Ma-ny of these poor men are not taught to read their 
Bi-ble, or to at-tend a-ny place of worship : and such 
are ver-y apt to neg-lect their chil-dren, and to suf-fer 
them to grow up in vi-cious hab-its. How thank-ful 
ought we to be for the gra-cious deal-ings of our Ma- 
ker, in giv-ing us kind pa-rents and teach-ers who try 
to bring us up in the way we should go, and to pre- 
serve us from the e-vils that are in the world ! 



44 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



MISCELLANEOUS READING LESSONS. 



S.H EEP. 

Sheep are useful to us in many ways. In the spring 
the wool of the sheep is cut off, and, when it has been 
spun, it is woven into flannel, or cloth, or blankets. 

The wool serves to keep the sheep warm in the cold 
winter, and when there is snow on the ground ; but, when 
summer comes they can do very well without it ; besides, 
it then falls off their backs, if it is not cut off. 

And little boys and girls' hair must be cut off, when it 
grows too long. But their hair is not half so useful when 
it is cut off as the sheep's wool is, for we can not make 
flannel, or cloth, or blankets of it. 

When the sheep become fat, the farmer sells them to 
the butcher, who kills them and brings the meat to mar- 
ket: it is called mutton, and is very good and wholesome 
food. 

After cutting off the wool, the skin is made into leather 
for the covers of books, or into parchment to write on. 
Parchment is much stronger than paper : it will not wear 
out so soon. 



the cow. 

Come, children, listen to me now, 
And you shall hear about the cow , 
You'll find her useful, 'live or dead, 
Whether she's black, or white, or red. 

When milk-maids milk her morn and night, 
She gives them milk, both fresh and white ; 
And this, we little children think, 
Is very good for us to drink. 

The curdled milk they press and squeeze 
And thus they make it into cheese ; 
The cream skimmed off they shake in churns, 
Which very soon to butter turns. 

And when she's dead, her flesh is good; 
For beef is very wholesome food : 
And though in health it makes us strong, 
To eat too much is very wrong. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 45 



Then lime and bark the tanner takes, 
And of the skin he leather makes ; 
And this we know they mostly use, 
To make nice soles for boots and shoes. 

Her hoofs with care make glue, so good, 
For joiners to cement their wood : 
Her fat, with cotton used aright, 
Makes candles, which we burn at night. 

Her feet we wash, and scrape and boil, 
From which we skim off neats-foot oil : 
And, last of all, when cut with care, 
Her horns make combs, to comb our hair. 

Thus you have heard, dear children, now, 
All this about the pretty cow ; 
Then treat her well, and bear in mind, 
God made the cow, and all mankind. 



SPRING MORNING 



Do you hear the birds singing when you are at home ? 

Yes, very often. 

They sing in the spring, and build their nests, and feed 
their young ones, and seem to be very happy. 

I like to look at them, and hear them sing : spring is a 
pleasant time. 

But look at those poor little birds shut up in a cage. 

Poor little things ! I do not like to see them ; they are 
in a prison ; I pity them. 

It is something like shutting up a little boy in a room, 
and never letting him go out. 

Little boys and girls like to run about ; and little birds 
like to fly about. 

Pray don't shut them up any more. 



THE GOLDEN RULE. 

Be you to others kind and true, 
As you'd have others be to you ; 
And neither do, nor say to men, 
A thing you would not take again. 



46 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



HEN AND CHICKENS. 

I like to see a brood of chickens running after the hen. 

See how they run about ! they are just hatched. 

The hen scratches for them, and takes care of them. 

When she calls them, they run after her. 

And a good mother loves her children, and takes care 
of them. 

When she calls them they ought to go to her, and do 
as she bids them. 

When children are good, and do what is right, they feel 
happy. 

The little boy loves his mother, now he is a little boy, 
and sits upon her lap : but if he lives to be a man, will he 
love her then ? 

Oh yes ! I hope he will : I hope he will not forget that 
he was once a little boy, and that his mother loved him 
and took care of him, and did a great deal for him, when 
he could do nothing for himself. 



WINTER. 

" Mother, how can the flowers grow ?" 
Said little Ann one day : 

" The garden is all over snow ; 
When will it go away ]" 

" The sun, my love, will melt the snow, 
And thaw the frozen ground ; 
And many a wintry wind will blow 
Before the flowers are found. 

In a few months, my Ann will view, 
The garden now so white, 

With yellow cowslips, vi'lets blue, 
And daisies all so bright. 

The birds wijl then, from every tree, 
Pour forth their song of praise; 

Their little hearts will cheerful be, 
And sweet will sound their lays. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 47 

For God, who reigns in earth and sky, 

Made them as well as you ; 
He gave them little wings to fly, 

He made their music too. 

He gave my little girl her voice 

To join in prayer and praise; 
And may it be her pleasant choice, 

To learn her Maker's ways." 



ON BIRDS. 

Dear little birds, how swift you fly, 
And move your downy wings ! 

Soaring above my head so high, 

Until you seem up in the sky, 
Such very tiny things ! 

I love to take a shady seat 

Beneath some spreading trees, 
While perch'd among the leaves you meet 
Andjoin your warbling throats so sweet; 
Your songs seem meant to please. 

Who taught you to spread out the wing, 

And flutter in the air 1 
Who taught you, pretty birds, to sing? 
He, surely, who made every thing 

So lovely, and so fair. 



THE WALK. 

Come let us walk into the fields; the sun is set, and the 
air is now cool and pleasant. 

Look at the pretty flowers ; some of them have their 
leaves folded up for the night. In the morning they will 
open again. 

The little chickens are gone to rest ;• they sleep under 
their mother's wings. 

The little birds have done singing ; they sleep upon the 
branches. 

We must also go to rest. But who will take care of us 
when we are asleep 1 



48 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



Our Father in Heaven will take care of us. He watches 
over us by night as well as by day. 

He never sleeps, but takes care of us all. 

He sees what we do ; he hears what we say ; and he 
knows what we think. We cannot hide any thing from 
him. 

Let us often think of him ; both when we are alone, 
and when we are with our friends. Let us think of his 
goodness towards us, and let us pray that he would teach 
us how to be good. 

Good children will love their Maker, and they will love 
Jesus Christ, his son, who came into the world to live and 
die for our sakes : to redeem us from all sin, and to teach 
us how to be good. 

He made many sick men well; he made the blind to 
see, and the lame to walk; and raised some that were 
dead to life again. 

It is his good Spirit that reproves you when you are 
naughty ; and makes you feel happy when you obey its 
teachings in your own hearts. 



THE BAD BOY. 



There was once a little boy at school, who made his 
teacher believe that his mother was sick, and wanted him 
at home ; so his teacher let him go ; but some person saw 
that he did not go home, but went to some rude boys in 
the street that he was fond of playing with, and spent the 
time with them, instead of learning his lessons at school. 

Now what do you think of this little boy ? I think he 
was a very bad boy, for he tried to deceive his teacher. 
Good children always tell the truth. 

When this little boy lay down upon his bed at night, do 
you think he felt happy ? 

Oh no ! I think he must know that he had acted very 
badly. 

Good children may lie down in peace, and feel happy, 
for the Lord loveth those who are good. But bad children 
do not feel happy, for they know that " God is angry with 
the wicked every day." 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 49 



THE EARTH AND THINGS UPON IT. 

Can you tell me who made the earth we tread upon, 
and the trees that grow out of the earth, and the birds and 
the beasts that live upon the earth, and the men, and the 
women, and the children, that live in all the world ? 

Yes, I have often been told that it is God who made all 
of them. 

Then they are all alike in that one thing ; the same good 
hand made them : but in other things they are not alike. 
Now tell me first, in what does a tree differ from a stone ? 

The tree grows, but the stone does not grow. 

Very well. Now tell me, how a tree differs from a 
cow, or a bird, or a fish 1 

Oh, the birds, and beasts, and fishes, and insects, can 
feel and eat, and they can all move about when they like ; 
but the tree is always growing in the same place, and does 
not feel nor eat. 

Yes; that is right. Now can you tell me how the 
birds, and beasts, and fishes, differ from men ? 

Oh ! a man is not at all like a cow, or a horse, or a bird, 
or a fish. Men build houses to live in. 

Yes, men build houses to live in, and so does the beaver, 
from whose skin we obtain fur to make our fine hats. 
How then does a man differ from a beaver ? 

Men can talk to each other, and teach each other 
what they have learned, and write ' what they know in 
books that others may learn it, and they can read what 
other men have written. And when they are cold they 
can make a fire to warm themselves. Beavers cannot do 
any of these things. 

Well, then you see that men have something which 
teaches them to do all these things that beasts and birds 
cannot do, and this is sometimes called mind, and some- 
times we call it reason. 



TREES. 

Here is a large oak tree, let us sit down under its shade, 
and enjoy the cool air. 

Do you know what oak trees grow from ? 

•No 

E ~ 



50 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



Oak trees grow from acorns. Large trees grow from 
little acorns 1 How strange it is ! Trees are so very useful 
that I do not know what we should do without them ; 
when they are cut down, they are called wood ; and wood 
is useful for many things. Ships, and chairs, and tables, 
and many other things, are made of wood. We make 
fires of it to keep us warm, and to cook our food. 

There are many kinds of trees. Some of them grow 
to be very large, and some are small ; some grow quickly, 
and others grow very slowly ; some bear fruit for us to 
eat, and others bear none : but they are all useful for some 
purpose. 

THE BOY OF DUNDEE. 

A poor woman, who lived at Dundee, in Scotland, used 
to spin and work very hard, that she might keep herself 
and her little son. She could not read, but she wished 
that her son should learn, and she sent him to school ; and, 
as he took pains, he soon learned to read very well. 

When he was about twelve years old, his mother had a 
shock of the palsy, and lost the use of her limbs, so that 
she had to lie in bed all day long ; and she was not able 
to spin nor work any more. 

As she had not been able to save any money, she could 
not hire any body to clean her house for her, and to do 
other work for her, and she was very much at a loss to 
know what to do. 

A poor woman, who lived near her, used sometimes to 
call in and do little things for her, but her son was her 
great comfort. 

He said to himself, I will not let my poor mother die for 
want ; I will work for her, and support her. God, I hope, 
will bless me and prosper my work. 

He went to a place in the town where they spun and 
wove cotton, and got some work. He worked very hard 
each day, harder than if he had been working for himself, 
and at night he took home his wages to his poor mother 
for her to purchase food and other things with. 

Before he went to his work in the morning, he cleaned 
the room for his mother, and got their breakfast ready, 
and did what he could, that she might not suffer for any 
thing while he was away at his work. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 51 



This good boy took a great deal of pains to teach his 
mother to read, so that she could amuse herself, and em- 
ploy her time when he was not with her ; and when she 
had learned, she was very much pleased. 

Now, said she, I am very happy. I am not able indeed 
to get out of my bed, and cannot work, but I can read 
the Bible, and that is a great comfort to me. I have one 
of the best and kindest of sons. 

Do you not think this was a very good little boy, and 
that it must have made him very happy to be able to be so 
useful to his mother ? 



THE GOOD BOY'S GIFT. 

There was a good little boy who lived in the country, 
and whose father had given him a garden. He had a 
spade, a rake, and a hoe, to work with ; and he was very 
fond of working in his garden. One summer, he had in 
this garden a great many pretty flowers. He had also 
some peas, and some currant bushes. 

When his peas were large enough to be picked, and his 
currants were quite ripe, he said to his sister, who was 
older than himself, " I will get a basket, and pick some of 
my peas and my currants, and I will carry them to the 
poor lame man, who lives in the cottage on the common. 
He is so lame, and so ill now, that he cannot go to* work 
as he used to do, and he will be glad to have something 
nice to eat." 

So the little boy got his basket, and went to work to fill 
it with his peas and his currants ; and when he had picked 
them, he took them to the poor old man, at his cottage, 
and put them on the table, and laid some money on the 
table by them : it was all the money he had. 

The poor old man, when he went in, was sitting by the 
fireside quite alone ; for his wife had gone out to work, 
and his children did not live at home with him. When he 
saw this good little boy come in, and saw him put the peas 
and the currants, and the money, on the table, he smiled 
and looked very glad, and thanked him kindly for his 
gift. 



52 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



The little boy then went home, and was very happy, 
for we always feel happy when we have done a good and 
kind action. His sister was very much pleased too, to 
see him so kind to the poor, lame, old man, and loved him 
dearly for it. And, I dare say, when the old man and his 
wife eat the peas and the currants, and looked at the 
money he had given them, they were very thankful for 
them, and prayed God to bless the good little boy who 
had been so kind to them* 



THE SPARROWS. 



A little boy, having found a nest of young sparrows, 
about a mile from the house where he lived, took it, and 
walked home. As he went along, with the nest in his 
hand, he saw, with some surprise, both the parents of the 
young birds follow him, at a little distance, and seem to 
watch whither he was going. 

He thought that they would feed the little birds, if they 
could get to them ; so when he reached home, he put the 
nest and the young birds in a wire cage, and placed the 
cage on the outside, of a window. 

The little birds were very hungry, and cried for some- 
thing to eat. Very soon, both the parents, having small 
.worms in their bills, came to the cage, and gave one to 
each of the young birds, and seemed very glad to see 
them ; then away they flew for more food for them. 

The old birds fed their young ones, in the same man- 
ner, many times every day, until their feathers had grown, 
and they seemed able to fly. Then the little boy took, the 
strongest of the young birds and put it on the outside of 
the cage. When the old birds came, as they always used 
to do, with worms in their bills to feed their young ones, 
they flew about, and seemed very glad to see that one of 
the little birds had got out of prison. 

They wanted him to fly away with them ; but he had 
never tried to fly, and he was afraid. Then they flew 
backwards and forwards from the cage to the top of a 
chimney that was near, as if to show him how easy it was 
to fly, and that the journey was short. At length, away 
he flew, and got safely to the top of the chimney. The 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



53 



old birds flew about, as they did when they first saw him 
on the outside of the cage, and seemed to rejoice very 
much that he was free. The little bird then flew from the 
chimney to a tree that was near, and the old birds fed him 
there as they had done while he was in the cage. 

Next day, the little boy put one of the other young 
birds on the outside of the cage. The old birds seemed 
as glad to see him out of prison, as they had been to see 
the other, and they took as much pains to persuade him to 
fly. The next day the boy put out the other two young 
birds, which were all he had, and they flew away as the 
first two had done, and neither they nor the old birds ever 
came back to the cage again. 

Do you not think the little boy must have been much 
better pleased, when he set the young birds free,, than he 
would have been, if he had kept them always in prison in 
the cage, where they could not fly about and enjoy them- 
selves ? 



ADVICE TO CHILDREN. 

Children, love your father and mother. They love you 
very dearly ; and they have taken care of you ever since 
you were born. They loved you, and took care of you, 
even when you were poor little helpless infants, that could 
not talk nor walk, nor do any thing to help yourselves. 

Who is so kind to you as your parents are 1 Who takes 
so much pains to instruct you ? Who provides food for 
you, and clothes, and warm beds to sleep on at night? 
Who is so glad when you are pleased, and so sorry when 
you are troubled 1 When you are sick, and in pain, who 
kindly waits upon you, and nurses you? How careful 
ought you to be then, to do just as they wish you to do ! 

Obey your parents. Attend to all the advice they give 
you : they know what is proper for you, much better than 
you do ; and they wish you to be good, and wise, and 
happy. 

If your parents are sick, or in trouble, do all you can to 
comfort them. If they are poor, work hard, that you may 
be able to assist them. They have done a great deal for 
you, and it is .now your duty to try to do something for 
them. 



E2 



54 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



Love your brothers and sisters. Do not tease nor vex 
them, nor call them names ; and never let your hands be 
raised to strike them. If they have any thing that you 
would like to have, do not be angry with them, nor try to 
take it from them. If you have any thing that you know 
they would like to have, give them a share of it. 

Never tell an untruth. When you are telling any thing 
that you have seen, or heard, try to tell it exactly as it was. 
Do not alter nor invent any part of it, to make, as you 
may think, a better story. Persons who love the truth, 
never tell a lie, even in jest. 

Never promise to do any thing, unless you feel very 
certain that you can do it, and will do it. If you say you 
will do a thing, and then do not do it, persons will not trust 
you or believe you. Besides, if you promise to do a thing 
when you do not intend to do it, you tell a lie, and God 
will punish you for such evil conduct. 

If you have done a wrong or careless action, do not 
deny it, even if you fear that your parents, or your teach- 
ers, will punish you for it If you confess what you have 
done, and are sorry for it, and try to do so no more, they 
will very seldom be angry with you, or punish you. They 
will love you for speaking the truth ; and they will think 
they may always believe what you say, when they find 
that you will not tell a \ie, even to hide a fault. 

Do not waste any thing. If you have more food than 
you want, do not throw it away, but give it, or ask your 
parents to give it, to some poor little boys and girls, who 
have no meat for dinner, and, perhaps, no bread and milk 
for breakfast and' supper. When your clothes become old,, 
so that your parents do not wish you to wear them any 
longer, ask them "to let you give them to some poor chil- 
dren who have scarcely any clothes to keep them warm. 

When any person is sick in the house where you live, 
be very quiet, lest you should disturb them. Do all you 
can to make them well again. 

THE GRAPE VINE. 

A farmer and his wife, who lived in the State of New 
Jersey, had four children. Their names were Charles, 
John, Mary, and Anna. These children had a pet lamb 
that they called Ammon. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 55 



There was a very large grape-vine that ran up an oak 
tree, in a meadow, about half a miie from the house in 
which the farmer lived. The vine hung full of grapes, in 
fine large clusters. When they were ripe, Charles and 
John asked their mother, to let them go to this vine and 
get some of the grapes, and to take their little sisters with 
them. When their mother told them they might go, they 
were soon ready, and set out in high glee. Ammon, the 
pet lamb, followed them, and seemed as much pleased as 
they were themselves. The boys let down the bars for 
their sisters, and the lamb skipped through after them. 

When they came under the vine, and saw the large 
bunches of grapes over their heads, they were all greatly 
pleased ; and little Anna cried out, " Oh ! I never saw such 
a sight in all my life ! What a parcel there is ! Oh, I wish 
mother was here to see them." 

The grapes were indeed very good. Mary said they 
were almost as large as robin's eggs, almost as sweet as 
honey, and that she had never tasted any half so good. 
Their color was dark purple. The vine ran over the 
whole tree. 

Charles and John climbed up among the branches, and 
the girls held their aprons to catch the fine clusters, as the 
boys threw them down. They both got their aprons full. 
The boys then came down to the lowest limb, and-jumped 
from it to the ground. 

" Now," said John, " I will tell you what we will do. 
We will spread all these grapes on the clean grass, and 
sort them, and pick out the very best bunches, to carry 
home for father and mother." " Oh yes," said the other 
children; " that will be right, we will do so." 

" They will be glad," said Charles, " to see that we think 
so much about them." " Yes," said Mary, " and another 
thing : let us agree never to quarrel with each other, or be 
cross to each other." 

"If you see me get angry," said Charles, "or act. 
wrong in any other way, tell me of it, so that I may leave 
it ofT, and do better; and I will do the same with you; 
because it is very bad for brothers and sisters to quarrel ; 
and you know father and mother are always pleased when 
they see us kind to each other." 

When they took the grapes home to their mother, Mary 



56 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



asked her whether she had ever, in her life, tasted any 
grapes that were so good. " They are, indeed, very fine, 
my dear," said her mother. Mary then told her that they 
had picked out all the best for her, and for her father. 
" Ah, my dear children," said their mother, " then I shall 
tell your father of that kind action, when he comes home, 
and he will like the grapes very much." 



RICE 

Rice is a plant much like wheat in shape, color, and the 
figure of its leaves. The stem is about three feet high. 
It grows best in low moist ground. 

The Chinese raise a great deal of rice, as much of their 
land lies flat and low, and the rivers flow over these low- 
lands, bringing down a rich mud which serves as a very 
good manure. When the rice is ripe, it is cut down with 
a sort of sickle, and tied up in sheaves. Some thresh the 
grain out with a flail, and others lay the sheaves in a cir- 
cle on the hard ground, and drive horses or oxen over 
them to tread out the grain : a husk still remains around it, 
which is taken off by pounding it in a sort of mortar or 
grinding it between two flat stones. 

Half the people of Asia are said to live mostly on rice, 
and it is almost the only food of man in many other parts 
of the world. A great deal of it is raised in some of our 
Southern States ; and the soil is found to be so well suited 
to its culture, that it will produce a larger grain than that 
which grows in China, and it is thought by many to be 
better for cooking. 



SALT. 

Salt is one of the most useful things which we possess, 
and yet many little boys and girls who use it daily cannot 
tell how we obtain it ; so we will try to inform them, for 
they ought to inquire and learn as much as they can. 

Sea-water always contains salt, which people procure 
from it in this manner : they dig large shallow pits or vats 
by the sea-shore, into which the water flows at high tide : 
the heat of the sun then carries off the water in the form 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 57 



of vapor, leaving the salt at the bottom of the pits, when 
they gather it up for use. 

Springs of salt water are found in the western part 
of the State of New York, and in some other places, 
which furnish a large supply of fine salt. Rock salt 
is also found in mines, and vast plains of it exist in some 
parts of the world. It is most likely that great masses 
of salt are in the bottom of the ocean, and that this 
is the cause of the saltness of the sea-water. Thus we 
see that the good hand that made us, has kindly given us 
great stores of this useful substance, without which our 
food would soon spoil, and the waters of the great ocean 
would become corrupt, and cause all the fish and other 
things that live in the sea, to perish. We cannot too much 
admire the wisdom and the goodness of Him who made 
the world, and all the wonders it contains : for it is he that 
gives us life, and health, and every blessing we enjoy. 



GLASS. 

Some merchants were* once driven by a storm to take 
shelter near the mouth of a river, where they had to re- 
main a number of days. They landed and made a fire 
near the shore on the sand, for the purpose of cooking 
their food, and they took the wild plants that grew around, 
for fuel. When the fire was put out, they found to their 
surprise a bright substance, such as they had never seen 
before, lying on the ground where the fire had been made. 
Some persons who heard of the wonder, came to inquire 
what it was they had used for fuel; and found it was a 
kind of sea-weed, called kali, and that by burning this 
plant mixed with sand, they could produce the substance 
we now call glass. The people of Sidon, a city near this 
place, soon began to make it for their own use, and for the 
supply of others. 

The glass now made is much purer and finer than it 
was then ; for other things have since been added to ren- 
der it clearer, and to give it some brilliant color. Instead 
of sand, clear flint is often used, which is ground to pow- 
der and mixed with pearl-ash : this mixture is melted in a 



58 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



hot furnace, and then made into tumblers, bottles, window 
glass, and many other useful things. So we may see how 
well it is to observe what is passing before us, and to in- 
quire into the causes of any thing we do not know. For 
if these merchants had said nothing about the matter, per- 
haps to this" day no body would have known how to make 
glass, which is now so useful to us all. 



GOLD. 

Gold is not the most useful metal, but it has always 
been highly prized ; partly because it is scarce, and partly 
because it does not rust, but it retains its brightness and 
lasts a long time. It is found in many countries, chiefly 
in small grains called gold dust, often on the banks of 
rivers, mingled with the sand ; but sometimes it is found 
in deep mines, and sometimes in small lumps on or near 
the surface of the earth. 

Gold is used for money in most countries. It is also 
beaten out into very thin sheets called gold leaf, in which 
state it is used for gilding picture frames, the backs of 
books, and many other things. 



SILVER. 

Silver is a fine metal of a whitish color, which has, 
for many years, been used for coin or money. It is also 
much used for watch cases, spoons, and many other 
things. It may be beaten out into sheets, nearly as thin 
as gold leaf; and it may be drawn out into wire finer 
than a human hair. It is more plenty than gold, as well 
as more useful. It is sometimes found in a native state 
almost pure; but it is more common to find it mixed with 
some other substance in a state of ore, which the miners 
dig out of the earth ; and then they have to refine it before 
it is fit for use. 

Gold and silver are called perfect metals because they 
do not waste by passing through the fire, and because 
they do not rust like other metals. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 59 



IRON. 

Iron is the most useful of all the metals, and exists in 
some shape in almost all countries. It is mostly found in 
the state of ore ; that is mixed with some other matter, 
from which we obtain the iron by fusing or melting it. 
There are three states in which it is made use of — cast 
iron, forged iron, and steel. 

' When the iron is melted from the ore and cast into 
moulds without any further labor, it is called cast iron, and 
is used for pots, cannon, grates, stoves, and other things 
in which the iron will not be bent : for. cast iron, if bent, is 
very likely to break. Iron is forged by beating it red-hot 
with heavy hammers, till it becomes so tough that it can 
be bent without breaking : in this state it is used for bolts, 
bars, horse-shoes, and other things which we wish to be 
very strong. 

Steel is made by heating small bars of iron, in contact 
with charcoal or some other substance, which makes it 
finer, harder, and firmer, so that it will bear a fine polish : 
it is used to make knives, scissors, razors, and all fine 
edged tools. 

Iron also supplies us with steam engines, and other 
useful machines, as well as with nails, hinges, bolts, and 
many things needful in building our houses, tools to work 
with, stoves, ploughs, harrows, and many other things 
used about the house and on the farm, which we could 
not have if we did not possess this very useful metal. 



BOOKS. 

We all derive so much useful knowledge, and so much 
pleasure from books, that we think you would like to know 
how they are made. 

We suppose most of you have been told that paper is 
made from linen and muslin rags. It would take a long 
time to describe the whole process of making paper, but 
we would advise you all to go to a paper mill if there is 
one near you, and see how they make such a fine white 
substance out of old rags. Many people burn their rags, 
or throw them away ; but this is not right, when we can 
apply them to such a useful purpose. 



QO PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



The paper is taken to the printing office, where the 
sheets are printed on both sides : it would not be easy to 
tell you how this is done, but we think you would all be 
pleased to visit a printing office, and see how the types 
are set up, the ink is put on, and the letters are made on the 
paper. After they are printed, the sheets are dried and 
pressed smooth, and then sent to the binder. 

The binder has a number of girls to fold the sheets, and 
sew them : and men and boys to put on the covers and 
finish the books. After that they are taken to the book 
store, where they are ready for sale. 

Many years ago, before they knew how to make paper, 
it was common to write on rolls of linen. After that, a 
sort of smooth bark was used for a long time. Then cot- 
ton was beaten out into a pulp, and spread out for paper. 

It has been only a few hundred years since paper was 
first made from linen and cotton rags. If this method had 
not been found out, we should not have been able to ob- 
tain enough paper for making books without great ex- 
pense ; and even if we had paper, we could not have 
made books without the art of printing from types, which 
was not known till about four hundred years ago. 

Before this they had to write all their books, which 
made them so scarce and costly that very few could afford 
to purchase a copy of the Bible. Now it is made so plenty 
and so cheap, that we may all instruct our children in the 
useful lessons it contains; and place in their hands many 
other good books that will teach them their duty to each 
other, and to Him who made them, and who has given 
them many blessings, for which they ought to be very 
thankful. 



END OF PART I. 



! 


(61) 








THE 


! 




PROGRESSIVE SPELLING BOOK. 




EAS 


PART II 


• 




CHAPTER I. SPELLING. 




Y WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 






ACCENTED ON THE 


FIRST. 




Ab ro gate 


clem en cy 


ex pe dite 




ab so lute 


col o nist 


ex pi ate 




ab sti nence 


con fer ence 


ex tri cate 




ad a mant 


con tra ry 


fac ul ty 




ad mi ral 


con ver sant 


fal li ble 




af fa ble 


cor o ner 


fan ci ful 




ag gra vate 
al man ac 


coun sel lor 


fa vor ite 




cow ard ice 


fel low ship 




am pli tude 


cus to dy 


fer til ize 




am u let 


dep re cate 


fes ti val 




an ec dote 


des o late 


fil a ment 




ap pe tite 


des po tism 


fir ma ment 




ar ti choke 


di a mond 


flat u lent 




ben e fit 


dis si pate 


flex i ble 




bev er age 


dis so nant 


flue tu ate 




bla ma ble 


doc u ment 


fo li age 




bur den some 


) ' du ti ful 


fra gran cy 




cal eu late 


- eb o ny 


free hold er 




cal o mel 


ed i tor 


friv o lous 




can di date 


el e ment 


fur ni ture 




ca pa ble 


em bas sy 


gal ler y 




cat a ract 


em u late 


gar ri son 




eel e brate 


ep i cure 


ger mi nate 




chas ti ty 


es cu lent 


glu ti nous 




cin na mon 


e ven ing 


gov ern ess 




clas si cal 


ex er cise 


grat i tude 





62 EASY WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 




gree di ness 


lit ur gy 


of fi cer 




han di craft 


live li hood 


op u lent 




hap pi ness 


liv er y 


or a tor 




har mo nize 


loy al ty 


or gan ist 




her mit age 


lu era tive 


os si fy 




his to ry 


mag net ism 


o ver plus 




hon es ty 
horse man ship 


main te nance 


o ver ture 




man age ment 
man i fold 


pal li ate 




hur ri cane 


pal pa ble 




hus band ry 


mar gin al 


par a dise 




i dol ize 


mar vel lous 


par a sol 




ig no ranee 


mas cu line 


par ent age 




im pie ment 


ma son ry 


pas sen ger 




im po tent 


med i tate 


pas tor al 




in di go 


me di um 


pa tri ot 




in do lence 


mem o ry 


pat ron age 




in dus try 


men di cant 


pec to ral 




in fan cy 


mer can tile 


ped an try 




in ju ry 


mes sen ger 


ped es tal 




in no cence 


mil i tant 


ped i gree 




in sti tute 


min er al 


pen du lum 




in stru ment 


min is ter 


pen e trate 




in ter val 


mod ern ize 


pen man ship 




in ti mate 


mod es ty 


pen u ry 




in tri cate 


mon i tor 


per fo rate 




ir ri gate 


mon u ment 


per il ous 




ir ri tate 


mul ti tude 


per ma nent 




i vo ry 


mus cu lar 


pes ti lence 




joe u lar 


mu ti late 


pet u lant 




ju bi lee 


mu tu al 


piety 




ju ni per 


nar ra tive 


pla ca ble 




ju ve nile 


nee ta rine 


po et ry 




la bor er 


neg li gence 


poi son ous 




las si tude 


ni ce ty 


por cu pine 




lav en der 


nov el ty 


por ti co 




la zi ness 


nu mer ous 


pos si ble 




len i ty 


nur se ry 


po ten tate 




lex i con 


nu tri ment 


pow er ful 




li a ble 


ob du rate 


prac ti cal 




lib er ty 


ob e lisk 


pre am ble 




lig a ture 


ob so lete 


pre mi um 




lit a ny 


ob sti nate 


prim i tive 





EASY WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 63 


pri o ry 


sal a ry 


tim or ous 


prob i ty 


san a tive 


tit u lar 


prod i gy 


sane ti fy 


trav el ler 


prov en der 


san i ty 


trum pet er 


pul ver ize 


sat el lite 


tur bu lent 


punc tu al 


sat is fy 


tur pen tine 


pun ish ment 


sat u rate 


un du late 


pur chas er 


sa vo ry 


u ni corn 


pu tre fy 


scan da lous 


u ni form 


quad ru ped 


scru pu lous 


u ni verse 


quar rel some 


sed i ment 


u su al 


quin tu pie 


ser pen tine 


ut ter ance 


ra di ance 


set tie ment 


va can cy 


rad i cal 


sig na ture 


val en tine 


rat i fy 


sim i lar 


va ri ance 


rav en ous 


sim pie ton 


ven om ous 


re al ize 


si ne cure 


ven er ate 


rec og nize 


sin gu lar 


ven ti late 


rec on cile 


sol i tude 


ven tri cle 


rec re ate 


sol u ble 


ven ture some 


rec to ry 


sor row ful 


ves ti bule 


red o lent 


spec ta cle 


vet er an 


ref er ence 


spec u late 


vie to ry 


re gen cy 


stig ma tize 


vig or ous 


reg u lar 


stim u late 


vin di cate 


rem e dy 


stip u late 


vin e gar 


res i dence 


strat a gem 


vi o late 


res i due 


sub stan tive 


vi o lence 


res o lute 


sub sti tute 


vi o let 


ret ro grade 


sub ter fuge 


vis it or 


rev el ry 


sue cu lent 


vol u ble 


rev e nue 


suf fer ance 


vo ta ry 


rev er ence 


suf fo cate 


wag on er 


rid i cule 


sum ma ry 


war ri or 


ri val ry 


sup pie ment 


watch ful ness 


riv u let 


sup pli cate 


wea ri ness 


roy al ty 


sus te nance 


wick ed ness 


ru di ment 


tan ta lize 


wid ow er 


ru in ous 


tern per ance 


wil der ness 


ru mi nate 


ten e ment 


work man ship 


sac ra ment 


tes ta ment 


yes ter day 


sac ri fice 


the o rem 


zo di ac J 


■ 







64 EASY WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 




ACCENTED ON THE 


SECOND. 


A ban don 


com mand er 


en large ment 


a bate ment 


com mit tee 


e nor mous 


a bol ish 


con jec ture 


en tan gle 


a bor tive 


con junc ture 


en vi ron 


a bridge ment 


con sid er 


es tab lish 


a bun dance 


con tern plate 


ex am ine 


ac cep tance 


con tent ment 


ex hib it 


\ ac com plice 


con trib ute 


ex tir pate 


ac com plish 


cor ro sive 


fa nat ie 


ad he rence 


cor rup tion 


fan tas tic 


ad ja cent 


de can ter 


for sa ken 


ad mon ish 


de co rous 


ge ner ic 
har mon ic 


ad vance ment 


de crep id 


ad van tage 


de fee tive 


he ro ic 


ad ven ture 


de fen sive 


ho ri zon 


af fee tion 


de fi ance 


i de al 


a gree ment 


de lin quent 


il lu sion 


a muse ment 


de liv er 


il lus trate 


an cho vy 


de mol ish 


im per feet 


a part ment 


de mon strate 


im por tant 


a pos tate 


de par ture 


in car nate 


ap pa rent 


de struc tive 


in cen tive 


ap point ment 


de ter mine 


in clo sure 


ap pren tice 


di min ish 


in clu sive 


as sem ble 


dis as ter 


in cul cate 


as ton ish 


dis cor dant 


in cum bent 


a sun der 


dis cov er 


in dul gence 


a tone ment 


dis fig ure 


in he rent 


at tain ment 


dis qui et 


in hab it 


: at ten tive 


dis sem ble 


in qui ry 


au then tic 


dis trib ute 


in sip id 


bal sam ic 


di vorce ment 


in ter pret 


bap tis mal 


do mes tic 


in tes tate 


be gin ner 


dra mat ic 


lum ba go 


be lov ed 


e clip tic 


mag net ic 


be wil der 


e las tie 


ma jes tic 


bis sex tile 


e lope ment 


mis for tune 


clan des tine 


em broi der 


mis no mer 


co he rent 


en am el 


mis ta ken 


col lee tion 


en coun ter 


mo men tous 



EASY WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



65 



mo sa ic 
noc tur nal 
no vem ber 
oc ca sion 
oc cur rence 
oc to ber 
of fen sive 
op po ser 
out land ish 



ab sen tee 
af ter noon 
am bus cade 
an te cede 
ap per tain 
ap pre hend 
bar ri cade 
ber ga mot 
can non ade 
car a van 
cav al cade 
cir cum scribe 
cir cum vent 
co ex ist 
co in cide 
com pre hend 
con de scend 
con tra diet 
con tra vene 
cor res pond 
coun ter act 
coun ter mand 
de com pose 
dev o tee 
dis a gree 
dis ap pear 
dis ap point 
dis ap prove 
dis ar range 
dis a vow 
dis be lieve 



par ta ker 
per form er 
per fu mer 
por ten tous 
re gard less 
re lin quish 
re main der 
re mem ber 
re plen ish 

ACCENTED ON THE 

dis con cert 
dis con tent 
dis em bark 
dis em broil 
dis en gage 
dis es teem 
dis o bey 
dis o blige 
dom i neer 
en gi neer 
en ter tain 
ev er more 
gaz et teer 
gas co nade 
im ma ture 
im por tune 
in com mode 
in com pact 
in com plete 
in cor rect 
in dis creet 
in dis pose 
in se cure 
in ter cede 
in ter cept 
in ter line 
in ter mit 
in ter rupt 
in tro duce 
leg a tee 
lem on ade 



re sem ble 
sar cas tic 
se ere tion 
sep tern ber 
spe cif ic 
tri bu nal 
un rav el 
vin die tive 
vol ca no 



THIRD. 



mac a roon 
man u mit 
mar ma lade 
mis ap ply 
mis be have 
mu ti neer 
op por tune 
o ver seer 
o ver take 
pal i sade 
pan ta loon 
pat en tee 
per se vere 
pi o neer 
pre con ceit 
pre ma ture 
pri va teer 
re as sume 
re im burse 
re in state 
rep ar tee 
sub di vide 
su per fine 
su per scribe 
su per sede 
su per vene 
un der mine 
un der stand 
un fore seen 
vi olin 
vol un teer 



F2 



1 






66 EASY WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 


EASY WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 




ACCENTED ON THE FIRST. 


ac cu ra cy 


ex o ra ble 


op er a tive 


ac ri mo hy 


ex pli ca ble 


pal at a ble 


ad mi ra ble 


fig u ra tive 


par si mo ny 


ad ver sa ry 


flat u len cy 


pred a to ry 


an ti mo ny 


gen er a tive 


pref er a ble 


ap pli ca ble 


her it a ble 


prom is so ry 


cal cu la tor 


hos pi ta ble 


rep er to ry 


cat er pil lar 


ig no min y 


rep u ta ble 


cem e ter y 


im i ta ble 


rev o ca ble 


cer e mo ny 


im po ten cy 


sal u ta ry 


com fort a ble 


in ven to ry 


sem i na ry 


com men ta ry 


ju di ca ture 


spec u la tive 


com pe ten cy 


lap i da ry 


spir it u al 


cred it a ble 


lit er a ture 


stat u a ry 


cul ti va tor 


mat ri mo ny 


sub lu na ry 


des pi ca ble 


mil i ta ry 


tab er na cle 


dis so lu ble 


mis er a ble 


ten ant a ble 


dis pu ta ble 


mul ti pli er 


tes ti mo ny 


dor mi to ry 


nav i ga tor 


tit u la ry 


ef fi ca cy 


nom i na tive 


va ri e gate 


em u la tive 


nu ga to ry 


ven er a ble 


ex ere to ry 


nu mer a tor 


ven ti la tor 




ACCENTED ON THE SECOND. 


a bil i ty 


cir cum fer ence 


di min u tive 


ab ste mi ous 


co in ci dence 


dis pas sion ate 


ac cu mu late 


con grat u late 


e bri e ty 


a gil i ty 


con so la ble 


e con o my 


a me na ble 


con stit u ent 


e lab o rate 


an tip a thy 
a rith me tic 


con tarn i nate 


e lu ci date 


cor rupt i ble 


e mol u ment 


ar tif i cer 


cu pid i ty 


en co mi ast 


as par a gus 


cu ta ne ous 


e quiv a lent 


be nef i cence 


de bil i tate 


e rad i cate 


bo tan i cal 


de cap i tate 


e vac u ate 


can on i cal 


de lee ta ble 


ex as per ate 


ce leb ri ty 


de lib er ate 


ex ec u tive 


cer tif i cate 




di ag o nal 


ex per i ment 



EASY WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



67 



ex pos 1 tor 
fa cil i tate 
fa tal i ty 
gram ma ri an 
gra tu i tous 
hab it u al 
her met i cal 
hi lar i ty • 
his to ri an 
hos til i ty 
hu man i ty 
i den ti cal 
i dol a try 
il lit er ate 
il lus tra tive 
im men si ty 
im preg na ble 
in fat u ate 
in ter po late 
in ves ti ture 



in vin ci ble 
i tin er ant 
le vit i cal 
mag nif i cent 
ma jor i ty 
me thod i cal 
mi rac u lous 
mo not o ny 
mu nif i cence 
na tiv i ty 
no bil i ty 
om nip o tent 
pe cu li ar 
pe nul ti mate 
per pet u al 
per son i fy 
per spic u ous 
pre die a ment 
pro pri e ty 
re cep ta cle 



re cip ro cal 
.re cog ni zance 
re^fec to ry 
re gen er ate 
re tal i ate 
re ver ber ate 
ri die u lous 
sa lu bri ty 
se ren i ty 
so lem ni ty 
sta bil i ty 
su per flu ous 
su prem a cy 
sus cep ti ble 
te mer i ty 
the at ri cal 
ti mid i ty 
ur ban i ty 
va lid i ty 
vo lu mi nous 



ACCENTED ON THE THIRD. 

mem o ran dum 



ab di ca tion 

ad van ta geous 

an no ta tor 

cem en ta tion 

cir cum ja cent 

com men ta tor 

com pi la tion 

com pli men tal 

com pre hen sive 

com pu ta tion 

co ri an der 

cor re spon dence grad u a tion 

cul ti va tion ig no ra mus 

dan de li on 

de fal ca tion 

dem on stra tion 

der e lie tion 

dim i nu tion 

ed u ca tion 

ef fi ca cious 



el o cu tion 
e Ion ga tion 
em i gra tion 
em u la tion 
ep i dem ic 
ex cla ma tion 
ex pli ca tion 
ex por ta tion 
ex tir pa tion 
far i na ceo us 
fer men ta tion 



in ad ver tent 
in co he rent 
in de pen dence 
in spi ra tion 
in ter fe rence 
man du ca tion 
math e mat ics 



mi cro scop ic 
no men cla ture 
om ni pres ence 
or na men tal 
pal pi ta tion 
par e gor ic 
per spi ra tion 
per ti na cious 
punc tu a tion 
rec re a tion 
res ig na tion 
rev e la tion 
sem i co Ion 
sep a ra tion 
su do rif ic 
su per scrip tion 
u sur pa tion 
veg e ta tion 
vir tu o so 



68 EASY POLYSYLLABLES. 




EASY POLYSYLLABLES. 




ACCENTED ON 


THE FIRST. 




ad u la to ry 


nav i ga ble ness 




cen su ra ble ness 


ob li ga to ry 




cus torn a ri ly 


rec ti fi a ble 




ded i ca to ry 


sed en ta ri ness 




ex em pla ri ly 


spec u la tive ly 




fig u ra tive ly , 


un du la to ry 




jus ti fi a ble 


va ri a ble ness 




mol li fi a ble 


war rant a ble ness 




ACCENTED ON 


THE SECOND. 




ac cu mu la tive 


in com pa ra ble 




au thor i ta tive 


in cor ri gi ble 




com men da to ry 


in du bi ta ble 




com mu ni ca tive 


in ef fi ca cy 




com pul sa to ry 


in ex o ra ble 




con grat u la to ry 


ir rep a ra ble 




con tern pd ra ry 


in vol un ta ri ly 




cor rob o ra tive 


le git i ma cy 




de clam a to ry 


ob ser va to ry 




de lib er a tive 


pe cu ni a ry 




de rog a to ry 


pre par a to ry 




ef fern i na cy 


re ver ber a to ry 




ex ec u tor ship 


sar cas ti cal ly 




harrao ni ous ly 


tu mul tu a ry 




he red i ta ri ly 


un jus ti fi a ble 




in cen di a ry 


vo cab u la ry 




ACCENTED ON 


THE THIRD. 




ac a dem i cal 


fal li bil i ty 




an ni ver sa ry 


gen er os i ty 




ar ith met i cal 


ho mo ge ne ous 




as tro nom i cal 


hos pi tal i ty 




ca pa bil i ty 


im me thod i cal 




cer e mo ni ous 


in com mu ni ca ble 




cred i bil i ty 


in ere du li ty 




di a met ri cal ly 


in de fat i ga ble 




el e men ta ry 


in de ter mi na ble 




e qua nim i ty 


in di vid u al ly 





EASY POLYSYLLABLES. 69 


in ex pe di errcy 


rep re sen ta tive 


in stan ta ne ous 


sat is fac to ri ly 


in ter rog a to ry 


sim i lar i ty 


ir re cov er a bly 


sub ter ra ne an 


ju ve nil i ty 


su per flu i ty 


o do rif er ous 


tan gi bil i ty 


per pen die u lar 


u ni for mi ty 


per pe tu i ty 


u ni ver si ty 


re ca pit u late 


ver sa til i ty 


rec om men da to ry 


vol u bil i ty 


ACCENTED ON 


THE FOURTH. 


an ni hi la tion 


in fe ri or i ty 


ap pli ca bil i ty 


in flex i bil i ty 


co ag u la tion 


in oc u la tion 


com mu ta bil i ty 


ir rec on ci la ble 


con cat e na tion 


man i fes ta tion 


con ver ti bil i ty 


med i ter ra ne an 


de lin e a tion 


me te o rol o gy 


de ter mi na tion 


no ti fi ca tion 


di ju di ca tion 


ob lit er a tion 


dis crim i na tion 


os si fi ca tion 


ec cle si as ti cal 


pen e tra bil i ty 


e nu me ra tion 


pro nun ci a tion 


e vap o ra tion 


pu sil Ian im i ty 


ex tern po ra ne ous 


ram i fi ca tion 


ex ter mi na tion 


re fran gi bil i ty 


ges tic u la tion 


re it er a tion 


il lu mi na tion 


scar i fi ca tion 


im pet u os i ty 


spir it u al i ty 


in con tro ver ti ble 


trig o no met ri cal 


ACCENTED ON 


THE FIFTH. 


be at i fi ca tion 


nat u ral i za tion 


com men su ra bil i ty 


per pen die u lar i ty 


de te ri o ra tion 


per son i fi ca tion 


im ma te ri al i ty 


re ca pit u la tion 


in com pat i bil i ty 


rec on cil i a tion 


in dem ni fi ca tion 


su per an nu a tion 


in tel li gi bil i ty 


val e tu di na ri an 


lat i tu di na ri an 

i 


vol a til i za tion 



70 


DIFFICULT MONOSYLLABLES. 


1 






DIFFICULT MONOSYLLABLES. 






The words placed together have the same vowel-sound as the words 






in Italics at the beginning of them. 






(fate) 


</«■) 


(faB) 


(fall) 


(M 




ache 


alms 


awe 


saw 


sash 




age 


arch 


born 


scald 


scalp 




aid 


are 


bought 


scrawl 


scratch 




aim 


aunt 


broad 


shawl 


shall 




blaze 


balm 


brough 


spawn 


spasm 




brain 


barm 


caught 


stalk 


splash 




chaise 


calf 


chalk 


talk 


than 




change 


calm 


claw 


taught 


thank 




eighth 


calve 


corpse 


thaw 


that 




freight 


carve 


crawl 


thought 


thatch 




grain 


charge 


daub 


thwart 


thrash 




grange 


czar 


draw 


vault 


trap 




haste 


daunt 


false 


walk 


twang 




lathe 


flaunt 


fault 


war 


wag 




mange 


gaunt 


fawn 


wart 


wax 




plague 


half 


fork 


wrought 


(me) 




quaint 


harsh 


form 


yawl 


beam 




rail 


haunch 


fought 


yawn 


bean 




scrape 


hearth 


fraud 


(/<*) 


beast 




skein 


jaunt 


fraught 


ant 


bleak 




sprain 


laugh 


George 


axe 


breathe 




strain 


marsh 


gnaw 


back 


breeze 




strange 


palm 


gorge 


branch 


brief 




they 


parch 


groat 


catch 


cease 




vague 


path 


halt 


chasm 


cheap 




wage 


paunch 


haw 


chat 


cheat 




whey- 


psalm 


hawk 


gang 


cheek 




yea 


salve 


horn 


gnat 


cheese 




(fare) 


scar 


horse 


grant 


chief 




flare 


scarf 


lawn 


hast 


cleave 




lair 


smart 


orb 


hath 


cream 




scarce 


starch 


pawn 


have 


crease 




share 


start 


prawn 


lamb 


dream 




snare 


starve 


qualm 


match 


each 




square 


taunt 


quart 


quaff 


ear 




where 

i 


yarn 


salt 


rash 


ease 







DIFFICULT MONOSYLLABLES. 


71 


(me) 


(me) 


(met) 


(pin) 


(no) 


eel 


these 


twelfth 


bilge 


coach 


eve 


thief 


wealth 


bridge 


coast 


fear 


three 


wedge 


build 


comb 


fee 


veal 


whet 


chin 


court 


field 


veer 


wrench 


crisp 


croak 


fiend 


weave 


wretch 


flinch 


door 


fierce 


wheat 


(pine) 


flitch 


droll 


fleece 


wreath 


bind 


give 


floor 


fleet 


wreathe 


blithe 


glimpse 


flown 


freak 


year 


bright 


gtyph 


foal 


grief 


yield 


chyle 


inch 


foam 


heath 


(met) 


dight 


lisp 


foe 


knee 


breadth 


fight 


niche 


folks 


league 


breath 


flight 


nymph 


fourth 


leech 


cleanse 


fright 


pith 


fro 


liege 


cress 


gibe 


quince 


ghost 


niece 


dead 


guide 


schism 


glow 


pea 


dealt 


guise 


shrill 


goal 


peach 


death 


gyre 


shrink 


goat 


pierce 


debt 


height 


sieve 


grope 


preach 


dread 


knife 


stitch 


gross 


priest 


edge 


lyre 


swim 


growth 


queer 


etch 


mice 


swinge 


hoarse 


scheme 


friend 


nigh 


switch 


hoax 


screech 


head 


ninth 


thick 


hoe 


shield 


health 


pie 


twig 


hose 


shriek 


hedge 


pyre 


whiff 


host 


siege 


kept 


quite 


whisk 


known 


sleeve 


ledge 


rhine 


whist* 


load 


sneak 


meant 


scribe 


width 


loaf 


sneeze 


phlegm 


scythe 


wrist 


loath 


speak 


quench 


shrine 


(no) 


loathe 


speech 


realm 


sigh 


boast 


most 


sphere 


says 


thigh 


boat 


mould 


squeak 


shred 


thine 


both 


moult 


squeal 


stead 


thrice 


broach 


mourn 


squeeze 


stealth 


tight 


brogue 


oaf 


sweep 


strength 


tithe 


chose 


oak 


sweet 


stretch 


type 


chrome 


oath 


teach 


thread 


wise 


cloak 


own 


theme 


threat 


writhe 


clothe 


roar 



72 


DIFFICULT MONOSYLLABLES. 




(no) 


(move) 


(not) 


(tub) 


(tub) 


roast 


rule 


swab 


dumb 


herb 


rogue 


school 


swan 


flood 


hurt 


roll 


scoop 


swamp 


front 


learn 


scroll 


screw 


swath 


grudge 


myrrh 


shoal 


shoe 


throb 


gulf 
love 


purse 


show 


shoot 


throng 
trough 


quirk 


sloth 


shrew 


month 


scourge 


snore 


soothe 


wan 


much 


search 


soak 


soup 


want 


numb 


sir 


soap 


spruce 


was 


once 


sperm 


source 


swoon 


wash 


plump 


squirt 


those 


tomb 


wasp 


rhomb 


stir 


though 


tooth • 


wast 


shove 


swerve 


throat 


tour 


watch 


shrunk 


terse 


toad 


troop 


wrong 


shut 


third 


toast 


true 


yacht 


sponge 


thirst 


trope 


truth 


(tube) 


thrust 


turn 


vogue 


who 


duke 


thumb 


twirl 


woad 


whom 


few 


tongue 


verge 


woe 


whose 


jew 


touch 


verse 


worn 


woo 


juice 


tough 


were 


(move) 


wound 


lieu 


wont 


whirl 


brew 


youth 


plume 


young 


word 


chew 


(not) 


slew 


bird 


work 


coo 


boss 


sue 


burst 


world 


coomb 


bronze 


suit 


chirp 


worm 


crew 


conch 


sure 


church 


yearn 


crude 


cough 


view 


churl 


(out) 


fruit 


dodge 


(tub) 


cur 


brow 


goose 


gone 


blood 


curve 


drought 


groom 


mosque 


blush 


dearth 


drown 


grew 


prong 


bomb 


dirt 


flounce 


groove 


quash 


bulk 


earl 


frown 


group 


scoff 


buzz 


earth 


grouse 


loom 


sconce 


come 


firm 


plough 


loose 


scotch 


crumb 


first 


scour 


lose 


soft 


crutch 


flirt 


scowl 


prude 


solve 


culm 


furl 


shroud 


roost 


soph 


does 


germ 


sour | 


rouge 


squab 


dove 


girl 


vouch 


rue 


squat 


drudge 


hearse 


wound 



DIFFICULT WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 73 


DIFFICULT WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 


The words in Italics indicate 


the vowel-sounds 


of the accented 




syllables of the words that follow them. 




ACCENTED 


ON THE FIRST, 




(fate) 


{fall) 


</«0 - . 


(met) 


a ere 


gaudy 


plac id 


heav y 


a gue 


Hal ter 


sal mon 


heif er 


a lien 


haugh ty 


san guine 


leop ard 


an cient 


mau gre 


sap phire 


meas ure 


a pron 


mawk ish 


tac it 


mes suage 


bra zier 


naugh ty 


(me) 


neph ew 


cam brie 


nau seous 


bea con 


nes tie 


cham ber 


or phan 


crea ture 


peas ant 


cha os 


pal sy 


ea gle 


phren sy 


dan ger 


pal try 


e ra 


pre cious 


hei nous 


qualm ish 


ei ther 


seep tre 


kna vish 


sau cer 


lei sure 


sched ule 


na sal 


slaugh ter 


mea sles 


sher iff 


na tive 


swar thy 


peo pie 


treas ure 


sa bre 


thral dom 


priest hood 


ven geance 


stra ta 


(/«*) 


sche mer 


wain scot 


(M) 


asth ma 


spe cies <- 


waist coat 


ar chives 


bagn io 


(met) 


weap on 


chal dron 


can vass 


bdel Hum 


zeal ous 


gar gle 


car riage 


ber yl 


zeph yr 


he ark en 


chal ice 


break fast 


( pine) 


jaun dice 


cham ois 


cen taur 


chi na 


laun dry 


dac tyl 


cen tre 


ci pher 


mar tyr 


flam beau 


cher ish 


cy cle 


psalm ist 


gran deur 


cres cent 


fi bre 


ser geant 


hand some 


debt or 


gui dance 


(/«$) 


har ass 


ech o 


i ron 


aus pice 


jas mine 


emp ty 


li lac 


au tumn 


knap sack 


en sign 


li vre 


awk ward 


Ian guage 


eph od 


ni tre 


bau ble 


Ian guor 


eth ic 


phial 


cause way 


mar riage 


feath er 


tri umph 


daugh ter 


pam phlet 


fel loe 


ty rant 


fal con 


phan tasm 


fer rule 


vis count 






G 





74 


DIFFICULT WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 


(pin) 


(no) 


(not) 


(tub) 


bril liant 


cho rus 


saus age 


myr tie 


bris tie 


gno mon 
haut boy 


seal lop 


on ion 


bu sy 


schol ar 


per jure 


chris ten 


o cean 


sol emn 


poth er 


christ mas 


c chre 


soph ism 


south ern 


crys tal 


o nyx 


swad die 


spon gy 


cyn ic 


quo ta 


was sail 


stom ach 


diph thong 


shoul der 


(tube) 


sur feit 


dis tich 


so journ 


beau teous 


sur geon 


Eng land 


sol dier 


bu gle 


thirs ty 


fis sure 


stro phe 


ew er 


thor ough 


gris tie 


tro chee 


feu dal 


thurs day 


guil ty 


tro phy 


gew gaw 


trou ble 


guin ea 


yeo man 


lu ere 


ver juice 


is sue 


(move) 


nui sance 


vul ture 


isth mus 


bru mal 


tues day 


wor ry 
wor ship 


lin guist 


cou rier 


(tub) 


li quid 


gru mous 


bur gher 


(bull) 


li quor 


ou sel 


bus tie 


bos om 


liz ard 


tooth ache 


cer tain 


bul wark 


lyr ic 


(not) 


cir cuit 


butch er 


mir ror 


col lege 


con duit 


cush ion 


mys tic 


com ma 


cour age 


sug ar 


pret ty 


con ic 


cov ey 


worn an 


prin cess 


con quer 


cum brous 


(oil) 


quiv er 


con scious 


cup board 


doi ly 


scis sors 


dol phin 


doz en 


foi ble 


sic kle 


for eign 


ear nest 


joint ly 


spir it 


fron tier 


flour ish 


loy al 


steel yard 


grov el 


ful crum 


mois ture 


syr inge 


knowl edge 


gov ern 


oys ter 


sys tem 


lau rel 


gud geon 


poign ant 


tine ture 


log ic 


guer don 


(out) 


trib une 


loz enge 


Hon ey 


doubt ful 


trip thong 


nos le 


house wife 


doubt less 


vict uals 


or ange 


jour ney 


dough ty 


vine yard 


os trich 


knuc kle 


drow sy 


whim per 


pom pous 


lun cheon 


floun der 


whis per 


proc ess 


lus cious 


plough share 


whis tie 


quad rant 


lus tre 


prow ess 


worn en 


quar ry 


mus cle 


trou sers 



' ^ 

DIFFICULT WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 75 






ACCENTED 


ON THE SECOND. 






(cake) 


(me) 


(met) 


(move) 




ac quaint 


a chieve 


ga zette 


re cruit 




ar range 


ag grieve 


gro tesque 


sur tout 




ar raign 


an tique 


pos sess 


un couth 




as suage 


ap pease 


sug-gest 


(not) 




cam paign 


aus tere 


tran scend 


ab solve 




chi cane 


be lieve 


(pine) 


be yond 




con straint 


be queath 


as sign 


con coct 




con vey 


be reave 


be nign 


em boss 




ex change 


be siege 


chas tise 


ex tol 




in veigh 


bias pheme 


con dign 


re volve 




o paque 


bo hea 


dis guise 
ma lign 


(cube) 




per suade 


ca price 


con duce 




pear main 


cas tile 


o blige 


ex pugn 




por tray 


cha grin 


ob lique 


im bue 




sur vey 


con ceit 


(pin) 


im pugn 




vouch safe 


con geal 


e clipse 


pur suit 




(call) 


de ceive 


ex tinct 


(bun) 




ap pal 


ex treme 


jon quille 


ad journ 




ap plause 


fa tigue 


re scind 


af front 




as sault 


in trigue 


(no) 


de serve 




a thwart 


ma chine 


al though 


dis burse 




be cause 


nan kin 


ap proach 


dis cern 




be daub 


pe lisse 


bu reau 


dis perse 




be sought 


re ceipt 


ca jole 


e nough 




e clat 


re prieve 


con trol 


ex punge 




en dorse 


rou tine 


en rol 


in gulf 




ex alt 


su preme 


pat rol 


su perb 




ex haust 


ton tine 


pro rogue 


u surp 




fore stal 


vac cine 


pro vost 


(oil) 




in thral 


(met) 


(move) 


an oint 




ma raud 


al lege 


ac crue 


de stroy 




pa cha 


as cend 


a mour 


em broil 




sub orn 


be friend 


be hove 


me moir 




with drawn 


bur lesque 


ca noe 


pur loin 




(cat) 


con demn 


car touch 


tur moil 




ad vance 


con dense 


con tour 


(out) 




cui rass 


co quette 


doub loon 


ca rouse 




des cant 


de scent 


gam boge 


en dow 




de tach 


ex empt 


je June 


es pouse 







76 DIFFICULT WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 


DIFFICULT WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 


The Words in Italics indicate the vowel-sounds of the accented 


syllables of the words that follow them. 




ACCENTED ON THE 


FrRST. 


(cake) 


(call) 


(cat) 


a lien ate 


au di ence 


cal y cle 


a the ist 


au tho rize 


cam o mile 


bay o net 


caus a tive 


cas si a 


eigh ti eth 


eau ter ize 


cas u al 


gai e ty 


cor po ral 


cat a logue 


gla ci ate 


frau du lent 


cat e chism 


guai a cum 


haugh ti ness 


chan ti cleer 


kna ver y 


lau da ble 


char ac ter 


la i ty 


nau se ate 


fas ci nate 


neigh bor hood 


nau ti cal 


gal ax y 
hand ker chief 


pa pa cy 


or ches tra 


pa tri arch 


or de al 


lab y rinth 


ra di ant 


pau ci ty 


lac er ate 


ra ti a 


por phy ry 


lach ry mal 


sa ti ate 


rau ci ty 


lam i na 


trai tor ous 


sau ci ness 


mach i nate 


(cart) 


talk a tive 


ma jes ty 


ar te ry 


(cat) 


mas sa ere 


ar ti fice 


ad e quate 


pac i fy 


car ti lage 


ad ju tant 


par a graph 


char la tan 


agony 


par al lei 


daunt less ness 


ag i tate 


par a phrase 


har bin ger 


al pha bet 


par o quet 


har le quin 


an ar chy 


phar i see 


harp si chord 


an ces try 


plan i sphere 


lar ce ny 


an ec dote 


rail ler y 


laugh a ble 


a que duct 


rasp ber ry 


mar jo ram 


a qui line 


rhap so dy 


mar ma lade 


ar a ble 


sac cha rine 


mar tyr dom 


av a rice 


sac ri fice 


par ti san 


av e nue 


san he drim 


phar ma cy 


av er age 


sat i rist 


psal mo dy 


bach e lor 


stam i na 


sar do nyx 


bias phe my 


suav i ty 






- 



nBinrmiriminriifiiii 



DIFFICULT WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



77 



(me) 
de cen cy 
de i ty 
e qui nox 
fe al ty 
fea si ble 
ge ni us 
lei sure ly 
me te or 
plei a des 
re qui em 
see ne ry 
se ere cy 
seign i or 
the a tre 
the o ry 
ye he mence 
ve hi cle 

(met) 
bur i al 
eel er y 
cler i cal 
def er ence 
dem a gogue 
den i grate 
den i zen 
der o gate 
dex ter ous 
ec sta sy 
ed i ble 
ed u cate 
el o quent 
em pha sis 
en er gy 
ep i logue 
ep i taph 
e qui poise 
ex qui site 
fern o ral 
fel o ny 
gen u ine 
heav i ness 



(met) 
hec a tomb 
hem i sphere 
hep tar chy 
her aid ry 
her o ine 
jeop ar dy 
jes sa mine 
leg i ble 
leth ar gy 
mech an ism 
met a phor 
nee ta rine 
peas ant ry 
ped a gogue 
pen ta teuch 
pleth o ra 
prec i pice 
prej u dice 
quer u lous 
rec i pe 
rec om pense 
res in ous 
rhet o ric 
seep ti cal 
sep ar ate 
sep ul chre 
ser a phim 
spec i men 
splen e tic 
spher i cal 
tech ni cal 
tel e scope 
ter ri er 
ter ri ble 
tet rar chy 
treach er ous 
treach er y 
veg e tate 
ven i son 
ver i ly 
vet er an 



(pine) 
di a phragm 
hi er arch 
hy a cinth 
i ci cle 
i ron y 
li bra ry 
pri ma ry 
spright li ness 
vis count ess 
wi li ness 

(pin) 
bus i ly 
cit a del 
crit i cism 
crys tal line 
cyl in der 
dil i gence 
dis ci pline 
dis ere pance 
dys pho ny 
fil i gree 
friv o lous 
hyp o crite 
id i om 
id i ot 
in ci dent 
in fi nite 
in te ger 
li que fy 
mign o nette 
min ia ture 
mir a cle 
mis chiev ous 
mis ci ble 
mis tie toe 
myr i ad 
priv i lege 
pyr a mid 
ris i ble 
sil la bub 
sim i le 



G2 



78 



DIFFICULT WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



(pin) 
sit u ate 
spir a cle ^ 
syc a more 
syc o phant 
syl la ble 
syl 16 gism 
sym pa thy 
sym pho ny 
syn a gogue 

typify i 

tyr an ny 
vie in age 
vie tual ler 
vig il ance 
vir u lent 
vi ti ate 
vit ri ol 
whim si cal 
wit ti cism 

(no) 
co gen cy 
court li ness 
for ci ble 
for ger y 
no ta ry 
por trai tore 
poul ter er 
pro to col 
ro guer y 
rose ma ry 
scho li urn 
so jo urn er 
yeo man ry 
zo di ac 

(not) 
cog ni zance 
con fi ture 
cop per as 
do! or ous 
for eign er 
hoi y day 



(not) 
horn i cide 
hor o loge 
laud a num 
log a rithm 
ob lo quy 
oc u list 
om i nous 
op po site 
or a cle 
or i fice 
pol i cy 
pol y gon 
post hu mous 
prog e ny 
quad ran gle 
qual i ty 
scrof u lous 
vol a tile 

(cube) 
beau ti ful 
cu po la 
cu ra cy 
cu ti cle 
du pli cate 
eu cha rist 
eu lo gy 
eu pho ny 
fu gi tive 
ju gu lar 
lu na cy 
pleu ri sy 
pu er ile 
pu ru lent, 
pu tre fy 
su i cide 
tu te lar 
u su al 
u su ry 
(bun) 
buf fa lo 
bur gla ry 



(bun) 
con sta ble 
cour te sy 
cov e nant 
cov et ous 
cur ri er 
her bal ist 
hur ri cane 
lux u ry 
mer cu ry 
myr mi don 
per ju ry 
per qui site 
ser vi tude 
sov er eign 
sur ge ry 
ter ma gant 
ter mi nate 
thor ough fare 
trou ble some 
unc tu ous 
ver di gris 
ver di ter 
ver sa tile 
ver ti cal 
won der ful 
wor thi ly 

(boy) 
bois ter ous 
boy ish ly 
broi der er 
joy ral ly 
loi ter er 
loy al.ty 
moi e ty 
noise less ly 
point ed ly 
poign an cy 
poi son ous 
roy al ty 
void a ble 
voy a ger 



DIFFICULT WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 79 


ACCENTED ON THE 


SECOND. 


(ale) 


(cat) 


(met) 


a bra sion 


ex am pie 


de seen sion 


ac quaint ance 


gi gan tic 


de vel op 


as sail ant 


i am bic 


dis pleas ure 


bra va do 


im ag ine 


ec cen trie 


com pla cence 


in tagl io 


en deav or 


con ta gious 


lym phat ic 


en vel op 


dis sua sive 


me an der 


ex em plar 


e qua tor 


me chan ic 


hys ter ics 


far ra go 


mo las ses 


im bee ile 


hi a tus 


pneu mat ics 


lieu ten ant 


gy ra tion 


pome gran ate 


mi met ic 


in veigh er 


port man teau 


pos ses sion 


o a sis 


rheu mat ic 


pro phet ic 


o bei sance 


sci at ic 


qui es cent 


pur vey or 


se ragl io 


re demp tion 


quan da ry 


se raph ic 


stu pen dous 


sur vey or 


sto mach ic 


tran scend ent 


un feign ed 


to bac co 


( pine) 


(art) 


(me) 


al migh ty 
a sy lum 


bom bard ment 


a chieve ment 


dis heart en 


be lea guer 


de ci pher 


le thar gic 


be liev er 


de ci sive 


un daunt ed 


chi me ra 


dis ci pie 


(all) 


czar i na 


en light en 


de fault er 


de mean or 


pro vi so 


en dorse ment 


dis sei sin 


py ri tes 


e nor mous 


hy e na 


(pin) 


hy drau lies 


in vei gle 


ban dit ti 


in cau tious 


ma chi nist 


con fis cate 


in stal ment 


pre ce dence 


con tri tion 


ma raud er 


pri me val 


de li cious 


tar pau lin 


pro ce dure 


de ri sion 


(cat) 


salt pe tre 


de sic cate 


ap par el 


sub poe na 


dis tin guish 


a quat ic 


un wield y 


e lie it 


dis par age 


vice ge rent 


e nig ma 


em phat ic 


(met) 


ex hib it 


en fran chise 


al read y 


il lie it 


er rat ic 


con cen trate 


im plic it 



80 



DIFFICULT WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



(pin) 
me phit ic 
mi li tia 
nar cis sus 
pimc til io 

(no) 
de co rous 
di plo ma 
ex po sure 
Je ho vah 
re proach ful 
so no. rous 

(not) 
ab hor rence 
ac knowl edge 
ex ot ic 
gno man ics 
in doc ile 
mne mon ics 



(not) 
prog nos tic 
sy nop sis 

(move) 
ac cou tre 
a cous tics 
ap prov al 
in tru sion 
pe ru sal 

(cube) 
a cu men 
as su ranee 
il lu sive 
in u tile 
pel lu cid 

(bun) 
al ter nate 
at tor ney 
co er cive 



(bun) 
dis cour age 
di ur nal 
e mer gent 
en cir cle 
ex tir pate 
fra ter nal 
in ter stice 
noc tur nal 
pre cur sor 
pre sump tion 
re dou ble 
re hear sal 
sub ver sive 
un wor thy 

(now) 
a vow al 
en coun ter 
es pou sal 



ACCENTED ON THE THIRD. 



(cake) 
as cer tain 
bal us trade 
col on nade 
deb o nair 
dis o bey 
mas quer ade 
re in state 

(cat) 
com plai sant 
con fi dant 
rep ri mand 

(me) 
as sign ee 
bom ba sin 
cav a lier 
chan de lier 
coch i neal 
con tra vene 
deb au chee 
fric as see 



(me) 
gaz et teer 
gon do lier 
gren a dier 
guar an tee 
in ter cede 
in va lid 
mag a zine 
mort ga gee 
moun tain eer 
pal an quin 
quar an tine 
rep ar tee 
su per sede 
tam bo rine 
trans ma rine 

(met) 
ac qui esce 
bag a telle 
co a lesce 
ef fer vesce 



(met) 
et i quette 
in ter sperse 
non pa reil 
pic tu resque 
pre pos sess 

(pine) 
ad ver tise 
co in cide 
cir cum scribe 
dis o blige 
su per scribe 
sub di vide 

(no) 
ac e tose 
dis com pose 
dis em bogue 
in com mode 
o ver throw 
re in force 
sil i quose 



DIFFICULT WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



81 



DIFFICULT WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 

The Words in Italics indicate the vowel-sounds of the accented 
syllables of the toords that follow them. 



ACCENTED ON THE FIRST. 



(cat) 
ac ces sa ry 
al le go ry 
am i ca ble 
an ti qua ry 
ap o plec tic 
cap il la ry 
char ac ter ize 
gran u la ry 
jan i za ry 
jan u a ry 
lac er a tive 
mag is tra cy 
man da to ry 
sane tu a ry 

(met) 
eel i ba cy 
dec re to ry 
del i ca cy 
des ul to ry 
el i gi ble 
ep i cu rism 
ep i cy cle 
e qui ta ble 



(met) 
ex em pla ry 
feb ru a ry 
leg en da ry 
leg is la tive 
mel an chol y 
nee es sa ry 
ref ra ga ble 
rep a ra ble 
rep er to ry 
sec re ta ry 
sed en ta ry 
sep tu a gint 
tern po ra ry 
veg e ta ble 

(pin) 
dis syl la ble 
dys en ter y 
im i ta tive 
in ti ma cy 
in tri ca cy 
lit er a ry 
mis eel la ny 
tris yl la ble 



(not) 
com par a ble 
con tu ma cy 
con tu me ly 
cor ol la ry 
cor ri gi ble 
hon or a ry 
ob du ra cy 
ol i gar chy 
prob a to ry 
prom on to ry 
vol a til ize 

(cube) 
cu li na ry 
pu pil la ry 
pu ru len cy 
tu te la ry 

(bun) 
cov et ous ness 
drom e da ry 
gov ern a ble 
slov en li ness 
sov er eign ty 
sub lu na ry 



ACCENTED ON THE SECOND. 



(cake) 
con gla ci ate 
e ma ci ate 
ex pa ti ate 
in gra ti ate 
in sa ti ate 
spon ta ne ous 

(cat) 
a nach ro nism 
a nal o gy 



(cat) 
can thar i des 
ca tas tro phe 
di aph an ous 
em phat i ;cal 
e quan i mous 
eu than a sy 
ex ag ger ate 
her maph ro dite 
i ras ci ble 



(cat) 
me chan i cal 
o rac u lar 
phy lac ter y 
sa gac i ty 
sub stan ti ate 
ta ran tu la 
te nac i ty 
ty ran ni cal 
ve rac i ty 



82 DIFFICULT WORDS OF FOUR 


SYLLABLES. 


(me) 


(pin) 


(net) 


ap pre ci ate 


am phib i ous 


a pos tro phe 


con ge ri es 


an tip o des 


bi og ra phy 


e the re al 


bel lig er ent 


di oc e san 


in e bri ate 


cen trif u gal 


eu roc ly don 


mys te ri ous 


cen trip e tal 


hy poc ri sy 


ob se qui ous 


de lir i um 


hy poth e sis 


tra ge di an 


em pir i cism 


i sos ce les 


(met) 


e piph a ny 


phi lol o gy 


a nem o ne 


ex nil ar ate 


phi los o phy 


chi mer i cal 


in im i cal 


rhe tor i cal 


e phem e ra 


in i ti ate 


rhi noc e ros 


e ques tri an 


me die i nal 


sym bol i cal 


ex tem po re 


mu nic i pal 


sy non y mous 


hys ter i cal 


no vi ti ate 


ty pog ra phy 


in dec o rous 


of fi ci ate 


ve loc i ty 


ir rel e vant 


o vip a rous 


zo ol o gy 


li cen ti ate 


po lyg a my 


(cube) 


ne ces si tate 


so lil o quy 


ce ru le an 


pa ren the sis 


u bi qui ty 


en thu si ast 


sus cep ti ble 


ven tril o quist 


for tu i tous 


ter res tri al 


vi cis si tude 


her cu le an 


(pine) 


vi vip a rous 


sul phu re ous 


an ni hi late 


(no) 


te nu i ty 


anx i e ty 


as so ci ate 


(burn) 


le vi a than 


cor po re al 


e mer gen cy 


ma ni a cal 


er ro ne ous 


hy per bo le 


sa ti e ty 


ne go ti ate 


re ver ber ate 


so ci e ty 


op pro bri ous 


sub ser vi ent 




ACCENTED ON THE ' 


rHIRD. 


(cat) 


(met) 


(pin) 


an i mal cule 


ad o les cence 


met a phys ics 


A si at ic 


con sci en tious 


mez zo tin to 


cal a man co 


ev an es cent 


pan e gyr ist 


o ce an ic 


pred e ces sor 


par a lyt ic 


(me) 


sym pa thet ic 


rem i nis cence 


di ar rhoe a 


ter gi ver sate 


(not) 


hy me ne al 


(pin) 


chron o log ic 


mau so le um 


ad sci ti tious 


his tri on ic 


sper ma ce ti 


ad ven ti tious 


met a mor phose 


su per se ded 


in a ni tion 


phil an throp ic 



DIFFICULT POLYSYLLABLES. 83 


DIFFICULT POLYSYLLABLES. 


Where the vowel-sound of the accented syllable changes, the word 


begins with 


a capital. 


ACCENTED ON 


THE FIRST. 


Ac ces sa ri ness 


Crim i na to ry 


ar bi tra ri ly 


dil a to ri ness 


lab o ra to ry 


li que fi a ble 


lach ry ma to ry 


spir it u al ize 
rol y syl la ble 


Nee es sa ri ly 


per emp to ri ly 


sol i ta ri ly 


vet er in a ry 


Un du la to ry 


ACCENTED ON 


THE SECOND 


A nath e ma tize 


im meas u ra bly 


co ad ju van cy 


sep ten tri on al 


e jac u la to ry 


Con cil i a to ry 


em phat i cal ly 


dis crim i na tive 


ex clam a to ry 


il lit er a cy 


pre var i ca tor 


in trin si cal ly 


Ab bre vi a ture 


o pin i a tive 


mys te ri ous ly 


par tic u lar ize 
Dis hon or a ble 


ob se qui ous ly 


re me di a ble 


ex pos tu la to ry 


Chi mer i cal ly 


rhe tor i cal ly 


com men su ra ble 


E nun ci a tive 


ex pec to ra tive 


vo lup tu a ry 


in tel li gi ble 


E lu ci da to ry 


ACCENTED ON 


THE THIRD. 


Cir cum am bi ent 


hem i spher i cal 


cir cum stan ti ate 


par al lei o gram 


dem o crat i cal 


su per er o gate 


ep i gram ma tist 


Con san guin i ty 


ge ne al o gist 


e lee trie i ty 


ge o graph i cal 


met a phys i cal 


mu ci lag i nous 


re ca pit u la to ry 


per ti nac i ty 


sal u tif er ous 


pu sil Ian i mous 


su per cil i ous 


As a foet i da 


Deu ter on o my 


cat e chet i cal 


ec o nom i cal 


1 ; 


~ " T " — i ■■■!"■ ■ — in Tigs 



84 DIFFICULT POLYSYLLABLES. 


et y mol o gy 


si mul ta ne ous 


met a phor i cal 


Cy clo pe di a 


myth o log i cal 


per i he li on 


phil o soph i cal 


Am mo ni a cal 


phra se ol o gy «*■" 


con tra ri e ty 


phys i og no my 


Cen ti fo li ous 


ra ti oc i nate 


hy dro pho bi a 


Phar i sa i cal 


Con ti gu i ty 


mis eel la ne ous 


Tac i tur ni ty 


ACCENTED ON 


THE FOURTH. 


As sas si na tion 


cir cum fe ren tor 


cau ter i za tion 


di aph o ret ic 


crys tal li za tion 


ex per i ment al 


dis ad van ta geous 


he li o cen trie 


de nun ci a tion 


la bi o den tal 


ex ag ger a tion 


plen i po ten ti a ry 


in au gu ra tion 


Hyp o chon dri a cal 


par a pher nali a 


par a di si a cal 


Ar is to crat i cal 


Ac ad e mi cian 


col li que fac tion 


char ac ter is ti cal 


ec cle si as tic 


hi er o glyph i cal 


en thu si as ti cal 


im mis ci bil i ty 


ep i gram mat ic 


math e ma ti cian 


Ad a man te an 


pu sil la nim i ty 


e lee tion eer ing 


sar sa pa ril la 


en cy clo pe di a 


sus cep ti bil i ty 


ep i cu re an 


Me di a to ri al 


het er o ge ne ous 


Et y mo log i cal 


An ti pa thet i cal 


phys i o log i cal 


ACCENTED ON 


THE FIFTH. 


Di ver si fi ca tion 


Ip e cac u an ha 


in sub or di na tion 


par al lei o gram i cal 


in ter lin e a tion 


sep ten tri o nal i ty 


ra ti o ci na tion 


An ti pes ti len tial 


rec on cil i a tion 


i so per i met ri cal 


re viv i fi ca tion 


Ir rep a ra bil i ty 


su per er o ga tion 


re el i gi bil i ty 


tran sub stan ti a tion 


Me te o ro log i cal 


val e tu di na ri an 


phys i co the ol o gy 


Het er o ge ne i ty 


ste re o ty pog ra phy 



PROPER NAMES OP PERSONS, &c. 



85 



PROPER NAMES 

OF 

PERSONS, COUNTRIES, CITIES, RIVERS, &c 
Arranged according to the vowel-sounds of the accented syllables. 



{ale) 
Aa ron 
Abel 

A bra ham 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 



mos 
my 



si a 

thens 
Ayr shire 
A zaph 
Baal 
Babel 
Ba den 
Bai kal 
Ca diz 
Cain 

Cai a phas 
Caleb 
Cham bers 
Cai ro 
Cam bridge 
Cabul 
Da vid 
Da nish 
Fair fax 
Fair field 
Ga bri el 
Grace 
Hague 
Hai nault 
Ja bez 
Ja cob 
James 



ACCENTED ON THE 


FIRST. 


(ale) 


(mat) 


Jane 


Ban gor 


Maine 


Bath 


i Ma ry 


Brad ford 


Na pies 


Bran dy wine 


Na than 


Cai ais 


Pha raoh 


Can a da 


Pha ros 


Can ton 


Ra chel 


Car o line 


Sa lem 


Cas co 


Sa rah 


Cam den 


Wales 


Cath a rine 


Wey mouth 


Cham plain 


(mat) 


Chat ham 


Ad i gail 


Dan i el 


Ab ner 


Dant zic 


Ach sah 


Dan ube 


Ab sa lorn 


Dan ville 


Ad am 


Flan ders 


burg Ag ra 


France 


Af ri ca 


Fal mouth 


e Ag nes 


Frank fort 


Al fred 


Frank lin 


Al ice 


Gal i lee 


Alps 


Gan ges 


Am a zon 


Glas gow 


Am brose 


Gram pi an 


An drew 


Gratz 


Am ster dam 


Hal i fax 


An des 


Ham burg 


An tho ny 


Hamp shire 


Ash ley 


Ham il ton 


Bab y Ion 


Hamp ton 


Ban ca 


Han nah 



H 



86 



PROPER NAMES OF 



(mat) 

Han o ver 

Jas per 

Lan cas ter 

Lap land 

Las sa 

Laz a rus 

Mai a ga 

Mai a chi 

Man ches ter 

Mans field 

Man heim 

Mat thew 

Mai a bar 

Man tu a 

Nan se mond 

Natch es 

Naph ta li 

Naz a reth 
Pal es tine 
Pat mos 
Pat rick 
Pan a ma 
Pam li co 
Pat mos 
Pat na 
Ram i lies 
Rat is bon 
Sam son 
Sam u el 
Span iard 
Span ish 
Stras burg 
Salz burg 
Sand wich 
Vash ti 
Zach a ry 

(mart) 
Ar chi bald 
Ar nold 
Ar magh 
Ar no 



(mart) 
Ar thur 
Bar ba ry 
Bar na bas 
Car thage 
Charles 
Charles ton 
Char lotte 
Hard wick 
Hart ford 
Mar ga ret 
Marl bo rough 
Mar ma duke 
Mar tha 
Par ma 
Scar bo rough 
Tar ta ry 
Tar shish 
Tar tar 
Yar mouth 

(afl) 
Al ba ny 
Aus tri a 
Bal tic 
Bal ti more 
Clau di us 
Dau phin 
Mau rice 
Malta 
Ra leigh 
Rah way 
Saul 

Taun ton 
Wa bash 
Wal ter 
War wick 
War min ster 
War ring ton 
Wash ing ton 

(me) 
Deer field 
Eas ton 



(me) 

Eden 

E dith 

E gypt 

E noch 

E phraim 

E rie 

E sau 

Fries land 

Greece 

Green wich 

Hei del berg 

Leice ster 

Le vi 

Me mel 

Nie men 

Ne va 

Pe kin 

Queens town 
(met) 

Bed ford 

Beth le hem 

Bed min ster 
Ben e diet 
Ben ja min 
Beth el 
Bev er ly 
Ches ter 
Ches ter field 
Chel ten ham 
Ches a peake 
Chelms ford 
Deb o rah 
Den nis 
Del a ware 
Den mark 
En field 
Eph e sus 
Es sex 
Etna 
Ex e ter 
Ed in burgh 



PERSONS, COUNTRIES, CITIES, 


RIVERS, &c. 87 


(met) 


(pine) 


(pin) 


Ed ward 


Dwi na 


It a ly 


EV er ard 


Fife shire 


Ith i ca 


; Est her 


Giles 


Kings ton 


Ed mund 


Gri sons 


Lis bon 


i Eg bert 


Hi ram 


Lim er ick 


1 Ez ra 


High lands 


Lin coin 


Fred er ick 


Hy dra 


Livy 


Flem ish 


Ice land 


Lyd i a 


Gen e sis 


I la 


Lynn 
Mil ton 


I Ger man town 


Ire land 


Ger ma ny 


I saac 


Mil ford 


Greg o ry 


Ji hon 


Nich o las 


Hen ry 


Ly ons 


Nin e veh 


Hemp field 


Mi chael 


Phil ip 


Her od 


Milan 


Pitts burgh 


Jeph thah 


Ni phon 


Phin e as 


Jes se 


Ri ga 


Pliny 


Jer i cho 


Si mon 


Rich ard 


Jez e bel 


Ti tus 


Rich mond 


Ken sing ton 


Whitehall 


Plym outh 


Ken il worth 


Zi on 


Prince ton 


Ken ne bee 


(pin) 


Smith field 


Kent 


Bis cay 


Scip i o 


Lex ing ton 


Bris tol 


Spring field 


Lem u el 


Cic e ro 


Sim e on 


Mec ca 


Chris to pher 


Sim plon 


Mentz 


Eng land 


Sy ri a 


Mex i co 


Fish kill 


Sic i ly 


Mar y land 


Dill wyn 


Swit zer land 


Mem phis 


Gib e on 


Tim o thy 


Pern broke 


Guin ea 


Tych i cus 


Penns bo rough 


Guilford 


Wilkes bar re 


Read ing 


In di a 


Wil li am 


Tren ton 


Ips wich 


Wil ming ton 


j Weath ers field 


Is ra el 


Win ches ter 


West more land 


Ish ma el 


Wind sor 


Xen o phon 


In dies 


Wilna 


(pine) 


In dus 


Wilt shire 


Chi na 


In spruck 


Win ni peg 


Cy rus 


In ver ness 


Wind ham 


Cy prus 


Ir ra wad dy 


Zim ri 

1 



88 

(no) 
Chloe 
Do ver 
Flora 
Go sheii 
Hope well 
Jo el 
Jo nah 
Jo seph 
Mo he gan 
More land 
Mo ses 
No ah 
Oley 
O re gon 
Ow en 
Por tu gal 
Ports mouth 
Row land 
Rho da 

Shrews bu ry 

To bit 

Zo di ac 
(not) 

Block ley 

Bor den town 

Bos ton 

Both ni a 

Con cord 

Cor inth 

Corn wall 

Dor cas 

Dor o thy 

Flor ence 

Flor i da 

God frey 

George 

Geor gi a 

Glouoe ster 
Ho! land 
Hor ace 
How ard 



PROPER NAMES OF 



(not) 
John 

Jon a than 
Jop pa 
Josh u a 
Knox ville 
Mor de cai 
Mor gan 
Mor ris town 
Mor ris ville 
Mos cow 
Nor folk 
Nor way 
Nor wich 
Not ting ham 
01 i ver 
Ox ford 
Pots dam 
Prov i dence 
Ptol e my 
Rob ert 
Rock ing ham 
Rock bridge 
Rot ter dam 

Scot land 

Soc ra tes 

Sol o mon 

Stock bridge 

Thom as 

Ton quin 

Vol ney 

York shire 

(tube) 

Bu da 

Beu lab 

Cu ba 

Eu nise 

Eu rope 

Hu bert 

Hu ron 

Ju das 

Ju dith 



(tube) 
Ju li us 
Lew is 
Lu bee 
Lu cy 

Lu nen berg 
Lu ther 
New ark 
New town 
Steu ben 
Tewks bu ry 
Tunis 
U ti ca 

(tub) 
Bir mah 
Bruns wick 
Brus sels 
Cum ber land 
Dub lin 
Dur ham 
Flush ing 
Hud son 

Hum phrey 

Hun ga ry 

Hun ting ton 

Lon don 

Mon mouth shire 

Prus sia 

Rus sia 

Rut land 

Som er set 

Suffolk 

Sun bu ry 

Sun der land 

Sus sex 

Tun bridge 

Tur key 

Ur su la 

Ux bridge 

Ul ster 

Vir gil 

Xerx es 



PERSONS, COUNTRIES, CITIES, RIVERS, &c. 89 




ACCENTED ON THE 


SECOND. 


(ale) 


(mart) 


( pine) 


A cha ia 


Bui gar i a 
Buk har i a 


Ar gyle shire 


A ra bi a 


Car lisle 


Ba ha ma 


Dun bar 


Da ri us 


Bar ba does 


Egg har bor 


E li a kim 


Ba ta vi a 


On tar i o 


Eli as 


Be na res 


Swa tar a 


E li jah 


Cal la o 


(all) 


E li sha 


Cam pa ni a 


Ben gal 


Jo si ah 


Ca na ry 


Gib ral tar 


Long Isl and 


Cape May- 


Ken ha wa 


Mat thi as 


Cham pagne 


(me) 


Ohio 


E sai as 


Al giers 


Sap phi ra 


Eu phra tes 


An ti gua 


So phi a 


Eu sta ti a 


Bo he mi a- 


To bi as 


I sai ah 


Cas tile 


U ri ah 


Ja mai ca 


Chal de a 


(pin) 


Mar seilles 


Cy re ne 


A hith o phel 


New Ha ven 


De me tri us 


As syr i a 


Sa ma ri a 


E phe si ans 


Ber lin 


Ver sailles 


E ze ki el 


Ci lie i a 


(mat) 


Ge ne va - 


Do min go 


An nap o lis 


Ho se a 


E liz a beth 


De cap o lis 


Jo se phus 


La ris sa 


Da mas cus 


Ju de a 


Mel chis e dek 


Di an a 


Lu ere tia 


Pekin 


Ha van a 


Ti be ri us " 


Pris cil la 


E man u el 


(met) 


Pam phyl i a 


Mi am i 


A lep po 


Vir gin i a 


Na than iel 


A mer i ca 


U lys ses 


New cas tie 


Con nee ti cut 


(no) 


Ni ag a ra 


Fay ette 


An co na 


North amp ton 


Lo ret to 


Au ro ra 


Pa tap sco 


Ma gel Ian 


Bil bo a 


Pis cat a qua 


nes i mus 


Ca no va 


Sa van nan 


Pe nel o pe 


Cre mo na 


South amp ton 


Ra ven na 


Fran co ni a 


Su san na 


Re bee ca 


He ro di as 


West phal i a 


Sa rep ta 


I co ni urn 


Ves pas i an 


Vi en na 


Na o mi 

— i i 



H2 



90 


PROPER NAMES OF 




(no) 


(not) 


(tube) 


Po to mac 


Her mog e nes 


Hon du ras 


Sha mo kin 


Je hosh a phat 


Me thu se lah 


Se go vi a 


Ma hom et 


Tor tu gas 


Tim o the us 


Mo roc co 


Ve su vi us 


Ti o ga 


Mount Hoi ly 


(tub) 


Ve ro na 


New York 


Au gus tus 


Wy o ming 


The oph i lus 


Co lum bi a 


(not) 


Ver mont 


Co lum bus 


A dol phos 


(move) 


Ken tuc ky 


A pol los 


Bor nou 


Mont gom e ry 


Bar thol o mew 


Je ru sa lem 


North um ber land 


De mos the nes 


Mis sou ri 


Nan tuck et 


Di og e nes 


Pe ru 


New Lon don 


Eu roc ly don 


(tube) 


Pau tux ent 


Go mor rah 


Ber mu das 


Paw tuck et 


Hin dos tan 


Cay u ga 


San dus ky 


ACCENTED ON THE T] 


riRD. 


(ale) 


(mart) 


(fin) 


Al le gha ny 


Al be marie 


Ab ys sin i a 


Co pen ha gen 


Ar is tar chus 


Dom i nic o 


El e a zar 


(me) 


Di o nys i us 


Lith uania 


Ab er deen 


Mis sis sip pi 


Penn syl va nia 


Gal i le o 


(no) 


Tran syl va nia 


Gen es see 


Bar ce lo na 


(mat) 


New Or leans 


Con es to ga 


Al ex an der 


Nic o de mus 


ri no co 


Al ex an dri a 


(met) 


Per ki o ming 


Ap po mat tox 


Ben e ven to 


Re ho bo am 


Bel te shaz zar 


Lon don der ry 


Sar a to ga 


Chris ti an a 


Moy a men sing 


The o do rus 


Cin cin nat i 


Phil a del phi a 


The o do si a 


Cor o man del 


{pine) 


Tus ca ro ra 


Fer di nan do 


Ad o ni jah 


(not) 


Hi e rap o lis 


An a ni as 


Chil i coth e 


Ju ni at a 


Car o li na 


Hou sa ton nuc 


Mad a gas car 


Hez e ki ah 


Tul pe hock en 


Nar ra gan set 


Jer e mi ah 


(tube) 


Rap pa han nock 


Sta ten Isl and 


An da lu si a 


Sur ri nam 


Zed e ki ah 


Dal ma nu tha 


Sus que han na 


Zeph a ni ah 


Wy a lu sing 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 



91 



CHAPTER II 



PRONUNCIATION 



Words pronounced exactly alike, but spelt differently; arranged 
according to their vowel sounds. 



Like a in mate. 

Air, the atmosphere. 

ere, before. 

e'er, ever. 

heir, an inheritor. 

Ale, malt liquor. 

ail, . N . to be sick. 

Ate, devoured. 

eight, a number. 

Bare, naked. 

bear, a beast of prey. 

Bale, a pack of goods. 

bail, a surety. 

Base, low, mean. 

bass, a part in music. 

Bate, to take less. 

bait, an allurement. 

Bay, a color : a tree.. 

bey, a Turkish governor. 

Bays, bay trees. 

baize, a kind of cloth. 

Brake, a thicket. 

break, to part by force. 

Cane, . a strong reed. 

Cain a man's name. 

Dane, . . a native of Denmark. 

deign, to vouchsafe. 

Day, a period of time. 

dey, a Moorish governor. 

Faint, languid, weak. 

feint, a pretence. 

Fane, a weathercock. 

fain, willingly, gladly. 

feign, to dissemble. 



Fare, food; price of passage. 

fair, beautiful ; honest. 

Frays, quarrels. 

phrase, mode of speech. 

Cage, a pledge. 

gauge, to measure a cask, &c. 

Gate, a sort of door. 

gait, manner of walking. 

Glare, splendor. 

glair, white of an egg. 

Grate, a range of bars. 

great, large. 

Gra'ter, a sort of rasp. 

great'er, larger. 

Grays, mixed colors. 

graze, to eat grass. 

Hale, strong, healthy. 

hail, frozen rain. 

Hare, a timid animal. 

hair, . . . .covering of the head. 

Hay, dried grass. 

hey ! ... .an expression of joy. 

Lade, to load. 

laid, placed. 

Lane, a narrow road. 

lain, remained. 

Made, finished. 

maid, a girl. 

Male, a he animal. 

mail, a bag for letters. 

Mane,. . . .hair on an animal's 
main, principal, chief, [neek. 

Maze, an intricate place. 

maize, .......... Indian corn. 



92 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 



Nave, the middle of a wheel. 

knave, .a rogue. 

Nay, no. 

neigh,. . .the voice of a horse. 

Pale, wan, dim. 

pail, a wooden vessel. 

Pane, a square of glass. 

pain, uneasiness. 

Pare, .to cut thinly. 

pair, a couple. 

pear, a fruit. 

Place, a situation. 

plaice, aflat fish. 

Plane, a carpenter's tool. 

plain, distinct, even. 

Plate, wrought silver. 

plait, a fold, a double. 

Pray, to beseech. 

prey, plunder. 

Prays, entreats. 

praise, to commend. 

Rain, . . water from the clouds. 

rein, a part of a bridle. 

reign, to rule. 

Raze, to destroy. 

raise, to lift, to elevate. 

Ra'zor, a shaving tool. 

rai'ser, a lifter. 

Sale, the act of selling. 

sail to move with sails. 

Sail'er, ...... a sailing vessel. 

sail'or, a seaman. 

Sane, sound in mind. 

Seine, a river of France. 

Saver, he that saves. 

sa'vor, relish, taste. 

Slay, to kill, [runners. 

sleigh, .... a vehicle drawn on 

Stake, a post ; a wager. 

steak, a slice of meat. 

Stationary, fixed. 

sta'tionery, . .paper, pens, &c. 

Stare, to look earnestly. 

stair, a step. 



Strait, a narrow 

straight, direct. 

Tale, . a story. 

tail, the end. 

Tare, an allowance in weight. 

tear, to rend. 

Their, .... belonging to them. 

there, in that place. 

they're, . . . they are. 

Vale, a valley. 

vail or veil, to cover. 

Vane, a weathercock. 

vain, .proud, fruitless. 

vein, a blood vessel. 

Wale, .... a rising in the skin. 

wail, to lament. 

Wane, to decrease. 

wain, a wagon. 

Waste, to consume. 

waist, a part of the body. 

Wave, a billow. 

waive, to give up, to quit. 

Way, a manner, a road. 

weigh, .... to balance, to poise. 

Ware, merchandise. 

wear, to waste from use. 

Like a in mat. 

Adds, increases. 

adze, a cooper's axe. 

An, a particle. 

Ann, a woman's name. 

An'nalist,. . a writer of annals, 
an'alyst, . . . one who analyzes. 

An'ker, a liquid measure. 

anchor, a heavy iron for a ship. 

As'perate, to make rough. 

as'pirate, . . to utter with a full 

Bad, vicious, [breath. 

bade, commanded. 

Cal'lender, to dress linen 

cal'endar, ... .an almanac 

Can'did, ingenuous 

can'died, preserved 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 



93 



Can'non, a great gun. 

can'on, .a law, a rule. 

Dram, a small weight. 

drachm, an ancient coin. 

Jam, a conserve of fruit. 

jamb, a supporter. 

Lack, . . . , to want. 

lac, a sort of gum. 

Lacks, wants. 

lax, . .loose. 

Laps, licks up. 

lapse a slip ; to glide. 

Man'ner, mode, custom. 

man'or, a lordship. 

Man'tle, a garment. 

man'tel, . . .the chimney-piece. 
PalUas, the goddess of wisdom. 

pal'ace, a prince's house. 

Pallet, a little bed. 

pal'ette, .... a painter's board. 

Pan'nel r a mean saddle. 

pan'el, a jury roll. 

Rack, ^ to torture. 

wrack, ruin, destruction. 

Rap, to strike. 

wrap, to fold. 

Tacks, small nails. 

tax, an impost. 

Trav'el, to go a journey. 

trav'ail, . . . .v»_. .work, labor. 



Like a in mart. 



Ark...... 

arc,. . . . . . 

Cask, .... 

casque, . . . 

Cast, 

caste, rank 
Cas'ter,. . . 
cas'tor, . . . 

Hart, 

heart, 
Lanch, , . . 
launch,, . . 



> a chest. 

. . . part of a circle. 

vn barrel. 

a helmet. 

to throw. 

among the Hindoos. 
. .one who throws. 

a beaver. 

... .a sort of stag. 
. . . .the seat of life. 
. . to cast as a lance. 
. . . .to push to' sea. 



Mark, a sign ; a note. 

marque, . . license of reprisals. 

Mar'shal, to arrange. 

mare'schal, a chief commander. 

mar'tial, . . . warlike. 

Martin,. . .a kind of swallow, 
mar'ten, .... a kind of weasel. 

Like a in all. 

All, every one. 

awl, a sharp pointed tool. 

Al'ter, to change. 

al'tar, . . .the communion table. 

Au'gur, a soothsayer. 

au'ger, a boring" tool. 

Aught anything 



ought, 



should. 



Ball, any round thing. 

bawl, to cry out. 

Call, ... to name, to appeal to. 

caul, a membrane. 

Claws, talons. 

clause, .... part of a sentence. 

Cord, a small rope. 

chord, a line in a circle. 

Gall, bile, bitterness. 

Gaul, a Frenchman. 

Hall, a large room. 

haul, to pull. 

Law, a rule ; a statute. 

la ! . . an expression of surprise. 
Mall,. . ... a wooden hammer. 

maul, to beat, to bruise. 

Pall, ... a covering for the dead. 

Paul, a man's name. 

Paws, a beast's feet. 

pause, a stop. 

Sal'ter, more salt. 

Psal'ter, a psalm-book. 

Like e in me. 

Arrear', what is unpaid. 

arriere', last body of an army. 

Be, to exist. 

bee, a stinging insect. 



94 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 



Beech, a timber tree. 

beach, the sea shore. 

Beer, . . . . malt liquor. 

bier, . . a carriage for the dead. 

Beet, an eatable root. 

beat, to strike. 

Ce'der, he that resigns. 

ce'dar, an evergreen tree. 

Deer, a swift animal. 

dear, beloved ; expensive. 

Discreet', prudent. 

discrete', distinct. 

Feet, parts of the body. 

feat, .... an exploit, an action. 

Flee, to run away. 

flea, a biting insect. 

Freeze, to congeal. 

frieze, . . . coarse woollen cloth. 
Greece, a country of Europe. 

grease, soft fat. 

Greaves, leg armor. 

grieves, laments. 

Heel, hind part of a foot. 

heal, to cure. 

he'll, hewilL 

Hear, to hearken. 

here, in this place. 

Key, . . .instrument for a lock, 
quay, landing place from ships. 

Lea a meadow. 

lee, opposite to the wind. 

Leeds, ... a town in Yorkshire. 

leads, . . . . conducts. 

Leaf, part of a plant. 

lief, willingly. 

Leek, a sort of onion. 

leak, to run out. 

Lees, dregs. 

lease, . „ to glean. 

Leave, permission. 

lieve, willingly. 

Meed, reward, [honey. 

mead, .... a liquor made from 
Mede, a native of Media. 



Mean, paltry, low. 

mien, . . air, deportment, aspect. 

Meet, to encounter. 

meat, animal food. 

mete, to measure. 

Me'ter, .... one who measures. 

me'tre, measure, verse. 

Need, want, necessity. 

knead, to work dough. 

Neal, to temper by heat. 

kneel, ... .to rest on the knees. 

Peace, quiet, tranquillity. 

piece, . . a part. 

Peak, a point, the top. 

pique, a grudge. 

Peel, a rind, or skin. 

peal, a loud sound. 

Peer, a nobleman. 

pier, . . support of a bridge, &c 

Pe'ter, a man's name. 

pe'tre saltpetre, nitre. 

Pleas, excuses. 

please, . . to gratify, to delight. 
Reach, to arrive at. [stomach. 

retch, to force from the 

Reed, a tall sort of grass. 

read, to peruse. 

Reek, steam, vapor. 

wreak, to exercise vengeance. 

See, to view, to behold. 

sea, the ocean. 

Seal, an impression. 

ceil, to make a ceiling. 

Seed, offspring, race. 

cede, ... .to give up, to resign. 

Seem, to appear. 

seam, a joint. 

Seen, viewed, beheld. 

seine, a fishing net. 

scene, a sight, a view. 

Seer, a prophet. 

sear, .to burn, to wither. 

Sees, views, beholds. 

seize, , . to lay hold of. 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 



95 



Se'nior, the elder. 

seign'ior, the Turkish emperor. 
Shagreen', a sort of fish skin. 

chagrin', vexation. 

Sheer, , . pure, unmixed. 

shear, . to clip, to reap. 

Sleeve, . . covering of the arm. 
sleave, ........ untwisted silk. 

Steal, to thieve, to pilfer. 

steel, » refined iron. 

Sweet, . . pleasing to the senses. 

suite, succession, retinue. 

Tear, .... water from the eye. 

tier, a rank, a row. 

Teas, leaves of a Chinese plant. 

tease, to torment. 

Teem, to abound. 

team, a set of horses. 

Trea'tise, , . a discourse. 

trea'ties, . contracts. 

We, you and I. 

wee, little. 

Week, seven days. 

weak, feeble, infirm. 

Ween, to think. 

wean, to withdraw from. 

Like e in met. 

Assent', agreement. 

ascent' a going up. 

Bell, a hollow, sounding body. 

belle, a gay young lady. 

Ber'ry, a small fruit. 

bury,. . . .to put under ground. 

Bet'ter, superior. 

bet'tor,. .one who lays wagers. 

Bred, brought up. 

bread, . . food made from corn. 

Brest, a French sea-port. 

breast, a part of the body. 

Conses'sion, a sitting together, 
conces'sion, a yielding, a grant. 
Inten'tion, .... design, purpose, 
inten'sion, the act of straining. 



Jes'sy, a woman's name. 

Jes'se, a man's name. 

Led, conducted. 

lead, a soft, heavy metal. 

Les'sen, to make less. 

les'son, a task, a lecture. 

Let'tice, .... a woman's name. 

let'tuce, a salad herb. 

Lev'y, .... to raise money, &c. 
lev'ee, .... attendance at court. 

Met'al, iron, silver, &c. 

met'tle, spirit, courage. 

Pen'dant, a small flag, or en- 
sign used in ships, 
pen'dent, hanging, suspended. 

Rest, repose, ease. 

wrest, to force, to strain. 

Sell, to dispose of. 

cell,. . . .a small cavity; a hut. 

Sel'ler, one who sells. 

cel'lar, . . a place under ground. 
Sense, .... feeling, perception. 

cense, a public tax. 

Sent, conveyed. 

cent, a hundred. 

scent, an odor, a smell. 

Ses'sion, a sitting. 

ces'sion, a yielding, a giving up. 

Seth, a man's name. 

saith, says. 

Weth'er, a sheep. 

weather,. .... .state of the air. 

Like i in pine. 

Bite, ... to seize with the teeth. 

bight, a coil of a rope. 

By, with; near. 

buy, to purchase. 

Clime a climate, region. 

climb, to mount up. 

Finery, fine clothes. 

fi'nary, the second forge at iron 

High, tall, lofty, [mills. 

hie, to make haste. 



96 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALTKE. 



Hide, to conceal. 

hied, went in haste. 

I, myself. 

eye, the organ of sight. 

I'll.......... I will. 

isle, an island. 

aisle, .... passage in a church. 
Indite', . .to compose ; to write. 

indict', to accuse. 

Lie, a wilful falsehood. 

lye, . . liquor from wood ashes. 

Li'er, one who lies down. 

li'ar, one who tells lies. 

Mi'ner, ... a worker in a mine. 

mi'nor, one under age. 

Mite, a little insect. 

might, power, ability. 

Night, darkness. 

knight, a title of honor. 

Pri'er, a close inquirer. 

pri'or, former, previous. 

Pries, inquires into. 

prize,. . .a reward, a premium. 

Pride, self-esteem. 

pried, inquired narrowly. 

Quire,. . . .24 sheets of paper. 

choir, a band of singers. 

Rite, a ceremony. 

write, to do writing. 

right, straight, correct. 

wright, .a workman. 

Rye, a sort of corn. 

wry, crooked, distorted. 

Sine, a geometrical line. 

sign, .a mark, a token. 

Si'on, a mount. 

ci'on, or sci'on, ..... a sprout. 

Site, .a situation. 

cite, ... .to summon, to quote. 

sight, a view ; vision. 

Size, bulk, magnitude. 

sighs, , . heaves a sigh. 

Slight', to neglect. 

sleight', an artful trick. 



Stile, steps into a field. 

style, manner of writing. 

Tide, stream. 

tied, ....... fastened by tying. 

Time, duration, season. 

thyme, an aromatic herb. 

Tire, .... to fatigue, to weary. 

Tyre, an ancient city. 

Vi'al or phial, . . a small bottle, 
vi'ol, ... a musical instrument. 

Like i in 'pin. 

Bin, . . a place to hold corn, &c. 

been, existed. 

Brit'on, . . .a native of Britain. 
Brit'ain, England and Scotland. 
Fil'lip. . .to hit with the finger. 

Phil'ip, a man's name. 

Gild, to adorn with gold. 

guild, a corporation. 

Gilt, adorned with gold. 

guilt, ...... .wickedness, sin. 

Gris'ly, ". . . .frightful, hideous. 

grizzly, ...... somewhat gray. 

Him, that man. 

hymn, a divine song. 

In, . within. 

inn, a public house. 

Kill, to take away life. 

kiln, a sort of stove. 

Links, rings of a chain. 

lynx, a spotted beast. 

Millinery, goods of a milliner, 
mil'lenary, .... consisting of a 
Nit, an insect's egg. [thousand, 
knit, . . to make stockings, &c. 

Primmer, more precise. 

prim'er,. . .a child's first book. 

Rig'ger, one who rigs. 

rig'or, .... severity, sternness. 

Ring, . . a circle. 

wring, to twist. 

Sig'net, a seal. 

cyg'net, a young swan. 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALfKE. 



97 



Principal, chief. 

principle, . . fundamental truth. 

Sili'cious, flinty. 

cili'cious, made of hair. 

Sil'ly, simple, foolish. 

Scil'ly, name of islands. 

Sin'gle, alone. 

cing'le, a girth. 

Sink, ... to descend gradually. 

cinque, five. 

Sit, ... ..... to rest on a seat. 

cit, a citizen. 

Sticks, . . small pieces of wood. 
Styx, .... a river of the poets. 

Sym'bol, a sign. 

cym'bal, a sort of drum. 

Like o in no. 

Beau, a fop. [with. 

bow, . . an instrument to shoot 

Blote, to dry by smoke. 

bloat, to swell. 

Boll, or bole, .... a round stem. 

bowl, a basin. 

Bore, to make a hole. 

boar, a male swine. 

Borne, . . . .carried, supported, 
bourne, ... a limit, a boundary. 

Close, to shut up. 

clothes, garments, dress. 

Cole, cabbage. 

coal, mineral fuel. 

Coarse, rough, gross. 

course, a race. 

Cord, a small rope. 

chord, a right line. 

Core, . . the heart of a tree, &c 

corps, a body of troops. 

Cote, ....... a fold for sheep. 

coat, a part of dress. 

Doe, a female deer. 

dough, unbaked paste. 

Doze, to slumber. 

does, female deer. 



Fore, going first. 

four, twice two. 

Fort, a castle. 

forte, . . the thing that any one 
knows best. 

Forth, forward. 

fourth, next after the third. 

Groan, to sigh deeply. 

grown, increased. 

Grocer, a dealer in sugar, &c. 

gross'er, coarser. 

Hoard, a treasure. 

horde, a tribe. 

Ho ! an exclamation. 

hoe, a farming tool. 

Hole, .a hollow place. 

whole, entire, unbroken. 

Holy, sacred. 

wholly, entirely. 

Home, one's dwelling. 

holm, the evergreen oak. 

Lo ! behold. 

low, abject. 

Lone, retired, solitary. 

loan, a thing lent. 

Lore, learning. 

lower, to let down. 

Moan, to lament. 

mown, cut down. 

Mote, a particle of dust. 

moat, a ditch. 

More, greater. 

mower, a cutter of grass. 

No, not so. 

know, to understand. 

Nose, part of the face. 

knows, understands. 

OlorOh! alas! 

owe, to be indebted. 

Ore, unrefined metal. 

oar, a pole to row with. 

o'er, over. 

Po'lar, near the pole. 

poll'er, .... an elector, a voter. 



98 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 



Pole, a long stick. 

poll, . . a list of voters. 

Pore, a minute tube. 

pour, . to stream. 

Port, a harbor. 

Porte, the Turkish court. 

Roan, a color. 

rown, impelled by oars. 

Rhone, .... a river in France. 
Roads, . . . highways. [Levant. 

Rhodes, an island in the 

Rode, did ride. 

road, a way. 

Roe, . .a female deer. 

row, a rank, a tier. 

Roes, female deer. 

rose, a sweet flower. 

Rome, a city of Italy. 

roam, to wander, to rove. 

Rote, . r mere memory. 

wrote, did write. 

Shore, the sea coast. 

shoar, a support, a prop. 

Sloe, a wild sort of plum. 

slow, tardy, not quick. 

So, in such manner. 

sow, to scatter seed. 

sew, . . .to work with a needle. 
Sole, .... the bottom of a shoe, 
soul, the immortal part of man. 

Sore, tender, painful. 

soar, to rise high. 

Throe, extreme agony. 

throw to cast, to heave. 

Throne, a seat of state. 

thrown, cast. 

Toe,. ....... .part of the foot. 

tow, . . . the coarse part of flax. 

Yoke, a bond, a link. 

yolk, . . . the yellow of an egg. 

Like o in not. 

Chop, a piece of meat. 

chop, ......... a cleft, a crack. 



Cod'ling, a sort of apple. 

cod'dling, parboiling. 

Col'lar, covering for the neck. 

chol'er, anger, rage. 

Com'pliment, . . . .kind words, 
com'plement, the full number. 

Dos'sil, a lump of lint. 

doc'ile, teachable. 

Hol'low, . . scooped out, empty. 

holla, to call aloud. 

Lock, a fastening. 

loch or lough, a lake. 

Not, .... a word used to deny. 

knot, a tie. 

On'erary, fit for burdens. 

honorary, .. conferring honor. 

Like o in move. 

Brews, doth brew. 

bruise, to hurt. 

Brute, a beast. 

bruit, a noise, a report. 

Chews, . . grinds with the teeth. 

choose, .to select. 

Crews, ships' companies. 

cruise,. . .to sail up and down. 

Cru'el, savage, inhuman. 

crew 'el, a ball of yarn. 

Galloon', .... a kind of ribbon, 
galleon', a large Spanish mer- 
chant-ship. 

Threw, projected. 

through, .... from end to end. 

Rude, uncivil. 

rood, . measure of land. 

Like u in tube. 

Blue, a color. 

blew, did blow. 

Due, owing. 

dew, moisture. 

Ewe, a female sheep. 

you, yourselves. 

yew, an evergreen tree. 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 



99 



Flue, a small pipe or chimney. 

flew, did fly. 

Hue, . . . . a color or tint. 

hew, to cut down. 

Hugh, a man's name. 

Ju'ry, a set of men sworn or af- 
firmed to give a true verdict. 
Jew'ry, . . . .the land of Judea. 

Mews, does mew, 

muse, .to meditate. 

Mucous, slimy. 

mu'cus, slime. 

New, . . . .fresh, novel. 

knew, perceived with certainty. 

Use, £ .".to employ. 

ewes, female sheep. 

Like u in tub. 

Berth, a sailor's sleeping place. 

birth, coming into life. 

Burn, ... .to consume by fire. 
Berne, a town in Switzerland. 

But, except. 

butt, a large cask. 

Bur'row, a rabbit hole. 

bor'ough, a corporation. 

Cous'in, a relation. 

coz'en,. . .to defraud, to cheat. 

Culler, a selecter. 

col'or, hue. 

Cur'rant, a fruit. 

cur'rent, a stream. 

Dun, a dark color. 

done, .... finished, performed. 

Dust, powdered earth. 

dost, makest. 

Fun'gous, spongy. 

fun'gus, a mushroom. 

Fur, soft hair. 

fir, the deal tree. 

Furs, skins of beasts. 

furze, a wild shrub. 

Herd, ...... a drove or flock. 

heard, did hear. 



Just, honest, upright. 

joust, a mock fight. 

Kernel, . . .the inside of a nut. 
colo'nel, .... a military officer. 

Nun, a religious maid. 

none, not any. 

Plum, a fruit. 

plumb, a leaden weight. 

Purl, . .to flow with a murmur, 
pearl, . . a gem found in oysters. 

Ruff, a neck ornament. 

rough, coarse, uneven. 

Rung, did ring. 

wrung, twisted. 

Skull,. . .the bone of the head, 
scull,. . . . .a short oar; a boat. 

Suck'er, a young shoot. 

suc'cor, aid, help. 

Sum, ... .the whole, the total. 

some, . .a part. 

Sun, .... the fountain of light. 

son, a male child. 

Sut'ler, . . a seller of provisions. 

subtler, more cunning. 

Sut'tle, net weight. 

subtle, cunning, artful. 

Surge, a wave or billow. 

serge, a kind of woollen cloth. 
Urn, ... a vessel for water, &c. 

earn, to gain by labor. 

Won, . . • gained. 

one, a single thing. 

Like ou in out. 



Bow, . . , 

bough, . 
Brows, . 
browse, 
Foul, 7. , 
fowl, . . 
Our, . . . 
hour, . . , 
Rout, . . 
route, . . 



to bend. 

a branch. 

. brinks or edges. 
. . . to eat shrubs, 
unclean, impure. 
. . . . a large bird. 
. belonging to us. 
. part of the day. 

a rabble. 

a way. 



100 



WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE, 



WORDS SOUNDED ALIKE IN FAMILIAR SPEAKING. 

Words of one and two syllables which are sounded alike in familiar 
speaking. 



Dire, .... dismal. 

dyer, one who dyes. 

Flare,, .to give unsteady light. 

flayer, one who flays. 

Flour, meal. 

flower, a blossom. 

Gore, blood. 

goer, one who goes. 

Hire, wages. 

higher, loftier. 

Hoar, white. 

hoer, one who hoes. 

Lair, a beast's couch. 

layer, a stratum or row. 

Lore, .- learning. 

lower, deeper. 

Lyre, .... a harp, [falsehoods • 
liar, .... one who utters wilful 
Mare, ........ a female horse. 

mayor, a magistrate. 

More, a greater quantity. 

mower, one who mows. 

Pare, ..... to cut off the rind. 

payer, he that pays. 

Roar, ... to make a loud noise. 

rower, one who rows. 

Sire, , . a father. 

sigher, one who sighs. 

Soar, to fly aloft. 

sower, .... he that casts seed. 

sore, painful. 

sewer, a seamstress. 

Sure, , certain. 

shoer, he who shoes. 

Ware, merchandise. 

weigher, he that weighs. 

Your, belonging to you. 

ewer, a water jug. 



Bald, without hair. 

bawled, cried out. 

Bard, a poet. 

barred, .hindered. 

Board, a plank. 

bored, pierced. 

Bold, impudent. 

bowled, rolled. 

Braid, to plat. 

brayed, did bray. 

Brood, offspring. 

brewed did brew. 

Chaste, pure, undefiled. 

chased, pursued.. 

Find, to discover. 

fined, .... made to pay a fine. 

Gourd, a creeping plant. 

gored, . . .pierced with a horn. 

Guest, a visitor. 

guessed, . conjectured. 

Mist, a sort of fog. 

missed, lost. 

Mode, .a manner. 



Ode, a poem. 

owed, was indebted. 

Rode, did ride. 

rowed, did row. 

Side, margin or edge. 

sighed, heaved a sigh. 

Sold, disposed of. 

soled, . . having the sole put on. 

Sword, a weapon. 

soared, mounted aloft. 

Told, mentioned. 

tolled, rung. 

Wade, to pass through. 

weighed, did weigh. 



■.-<-tf-»va»g>;f-^^;;ai.jr>itvA^.- J i ; .'-.-^--.-^-.-L- 



WORDS PRONOUNCED, NEARLY ALIKE. 



101 



WORDS PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE. 



Words nearly alike in sound, but 
pair having the sound of 

Advice', , counsel. 

advise', to give advice. 

Ass, a beast of burden. 

as, like. 

Bod'ice, stays. 

bod'ies, . .material substances. 

Cease, to leave off. 

seize, to take hold of. 

Cic'atrice, a scar. 

cic'atrize, to heal over. 

Cop'pice, . . a wood cut for fuel. 

cop'ies, imitations. 

Decease', death. 

disseize', to dispossess. 

Device', a contrivance. 

devise', to grant by will. 

Dice, small cubes. 

dies, expires. 

Di'verse, different. 

di'vers, several. 

Dose, a proper quantity. 

doze, to slumber. 

Fran'cis, a man's name. 

Fran'ces, ... a woman's name. 

Gla'ciers, fields of ice. 

glaciers, they who put glass in. . 

Grace, favor. 

graze, to pasture. 

Greece, . . a country of Europe. 

grease, to smear with fat. 

Gristly, cartilaginous. 

grizz'ly, somewhat grey. 

Hearse, a carriage for the dead. 

her's, . . belonging to her. 

Hiss, . . . the voice of a serpent. 

his, belonging to him. 

Juice, fluids. 

Jews, Hebrews. 

Lace, to fasten. 

lays, places. 



distinguished by the first of each 
s, and the other that of z. 

Lease, acontract for houses, &c. 

lees, dregs. 

Loose, slack, untied. 

lose, to miss. 

Mace, a sort, of spice. 

maze, an intricate place. 

Mus'cle, a shell fish. 

muz'zle, ... to bind the mouth. 

Niece, a relation. 

knees, joints. 

Pace, a step. 

pays, recompenses. 

Peace, quiet, tranquillity. 

peas, a kind of pulse. 

Pence, coins, pennies. 

pens, .... writing implements. 

Place, situation. 

plays, does play. 

Prec'edent, an example. 

president, a governor. 

Price, charge, value. 

prize, reward. 

Prin'cess, a prince's wife. 

prin'ces, sovereign rulers. 

Race, a course. 

raise, * to elevate. 

Ra'cer, a swift horse. 

ra'zor, ...... .a shaving knife. 

Rice, an esculent grain. 

rise, ." to get up. 

Ruse, trick, cunning. 

rues repents. 

Seal, a signet. 

zeal, ardor* 

Sink, a drain. 

zinc, ... a brittle, white metal. 



the name of a mount. 



Sion, > 

Zion, $ 

Truth's, . . . belonging to truth. 

truths, verities. 



12 



102 



WORDS PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE. 



Words in which the latter of each pair has an e, where the 
former has an a. 



Accept', . . .to take, to receive. 

except', to leave out. 

Access', an approach. 

excess', . . .more than enough. 

Addition, increase. 

edition, a giving out. 

Affable, courteous. 

ef fable, utterable. 

Affect', . . to move the passions. 

effect', consequence. 

Affusion, pouring upon. 

effusion, pouring out. 

Allusion, a hint. 

elusion, an artful escape. 

Arrant, very bad. 

errant, wandering. 

Assay', examination. 

essay', to attempt. 

Bacon, pork smoked. 

beacon, a light-house ; a mark. 
Bri'dal,. .relating to marriage. 

bri'dle, a curb. 

Catch, to seize. 

ketch, a heavy ship. 

Chair, a moveable seat. 

cheer, to encourage. 

Chron'ical,. . lasting. 

chron'icle, a history. 

Command', to order. 

commend', to praise. 

Confidant', . . .one trusted with 
con'fident, . . positive, [secrets. 

Du'al, expressing two. 

du'el, . . a combat between two. 
Expanse', ..... .an extension. 

expense', cost, charge. 

Fa'vor, kindness. 

fe'ver, a distemper. 

Hards, refuse of flax. 

herds,. . . .companies of cattle. 



Hyperbola, ... an elliptic cone, 
hyperbole, an extravagant say- 
Modal, relating to fashion, [ing. 

model, a pattern. 

Med'al, ".a coin. 

med'dle, .to interfere. 

Medlar, a fruit. 

med'dler, a busy body. 

Pal'ate, the roof of the mouth. 

pal'let, a little bed. 

Par'ish,. . a district. 

perish, to die. 

Par'sonage, a parson's house, 
per'sonage, .... a great person. 
Ped'al, . . belonging to the foot. 

ped'dle, .to trifle. 

Prin'cipal, chief. 

prin'ciple, original cause. 

Rack, a frame for hay. 

wreck, ruin. 

Rare, scarce. 

rear, to erect. 

Raisins, dried grapes. 

reasons, arguments. 

Rad'ish, an' eatable root. 

red'dish, somewhat red. 

Rad'ical, original. 

rad'icle, a young root. 

Sal'ary, wages. 

cel'ery, a vegetable. 

Spacious, wide. 

spe'cious, .showy. 

Star'ling, a bird. 

sterling, genuine. 

Tar'rier, a delayer. 

terrier, . a sort of dog. 

Tin'cal, a mineral. 

tin'kle, to make a quick noise. 

Wa'ry, cautious. 

wea'ry, tired. 



WORDS PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE. 



103 



The first of each pair having the vowel e, where the flatter has i. 



Creek, a small bay. 

crick, a pain in the neck. 

Deference, respect. 

difference, disagreement. 

Defor'mity, ugliness. 

diffor'mity,. . .variety of form. 

Delu'sion, a deception. 

dilu'tion, .... a making weak. 

Descent', a going down. 

dissent', disagreement. 

Elic'it, to draw out. 

illic'it, unlawful. 

Elude', to escape from. 

illude', to deceive. 

Em'inent, noted. 

im'minent, threatening. 

Empyr'eal, refined. 

impe'rial,. ... .of an emperor. 



Erup'tion, ... .a breaking out. 
irrup'tion. .... a breaking into. 

Sev'ille, a city in Spain. 

civ'il, obliging, kind. 

Sheep, mutton. 

ship, a sailing vessel. 

Shel'ling, . . . .taking off shells. 

shil'ling an English coin. 

Weth'er, a sheep. 

wither, to fade. 

Wheth'er, . .which of the two. 

whith'er, to what place. 

Coun'sel, advice. 

coun'cil, an assembly. 

Proph'et, . . . one who foretells. 

profit, gain, advantage. 

Rab'bet, . . a joint in carpentry, 
rab'bit, ... a burrowing animal. 



The first of each pair ending 



in ts. 



Ac'cidents, . . . .chances, [mar. 
ac'cidence, rudiments of gram- 
Acts, deeds. 

axe, a chopping tool. 

Adhe'rents, partisans. 

adhe'rence, fidelity. 

Assistants, helpers. 

assis'tance, service, help. 

Benefits, advantages. 

ben'efice, .... a church living. 

Chants, melodies. 

chance, fortune, accident. 

Comments', ....... .explains. 

commence', to begin, [respond. 
Correspond 'ents, they who cor- 
correspond'ence, . .agreement. 

Courts, halls of justice. 

course, race, career. 

Dents, hollow marks. 

dense, thick, close. 



Faults, defects, errors. 

false, untrue. 

In'stants, . '. moments. 

in'stance, example. 

Intents', purposes. 

intense', excessive. 

Pa'tients, sick people. 

pa'tience, ...... .forbearance. 

Pres'ents, gifts. 

pres'ence, . . . immediate view. 

Prints, impressions. 

prince, ... a sovereign or chief. 

Scents, perfumes. 

sense, feeling ; reason. 

Sects, parties in religion. 

sex, male or female. 

Tal'ents, natural powers. 

tal'ons, , . claws. 

Tents, canvas houses. 

tense, v .• . . stretched stifE 



104 



WORDS PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE. 



Words often confounded either in spelling or pronunciation, but 
which ought to be carefully distinguished. 



Accessary, a partaker in crime. 

accessory, giving aid- 

Ant, an emmet. 

aunt, a parent's sister. 

Bile, a bitter liquor collected in 

the gall-bladder, 
boil, . . .to be agitated by heat. 

Boy, a male child. 

buoy, a floating mark. 

Bust, a sculptured head. 

burst, rent asunder. 

Caldron, a large vessel. 

chaldron, . . . thirty-six bushels. 

Captor, one who takes. 

capture, a conquest. 

Carrot, an eatable root. 

caret, a weight of four grains. 
Census, enumeration of people, 
senses, . . . perceptive faculties. 

Centaury, a plant. 

sentry, a guard. 

Coat, a garment. 

quote, .... to cite, as an author. 
Complacent, . . .easily pleased, 
complaisant, desirous to please. 
Cor'poral, . . an inferior officer. 

corpo'real, not spiritual. 

Currier, a leather dresser. 

cou'rier, a messenger. 

Depositary, a trustee. 

depository, . . place of deposite. 

Desert, a waste place. 

dessert, fruit, &c. after dinner. 

Disease, a disorder. 

decease, death. 

Ear, .... the organ of hearing. 

year, twelve months. 

East, . . towards the rising sun. 

yeast, barm. 

Errant, wandering. 

errand, a message. 



Exaltation, raising high. 

exultation, .... great rejoicing. 

Ex'ecuter, one who performs. 

exec'utor, he who executes a 
testator's will. 

Fisher, . one who catches fish. 

fissure, a cleft or crack. 

Genius, mental power. 

o-enus, ~^ .... a kind. 

Grope, to feel the way. 

group, to crowd together. 

Jest, a joke. 

just, nearly. 

Lightning, flash before thunder. 

lightening, unloading. 

Lineament, a feature. 

liniment, ... ... .an ointment. 

Liver, .... one of the entrails. 

livre, a French coin. 

Loath, unwilling. 

loathe, to dislike. 

Message, an errand. 

messuage, a house. 

Metre, verse. 

meteor, a luminous body float- 
ing in the atmosphere. 

Ordinance, a law. 

ordnance, great guns. 

Populace, the common people. 

populous, full of people. 

Reel, to stagger. 

real, true, genuine. 

Suit, to fit, to become. 

suite,. . . . . succession, retinue. 

Statute, . a law. 

statue, an image. 

Talc,. . .a transparent mineral. 

talk, to converse. 

Tower, . . a high building ; a 
fortress. 

tour, a journey. 



WORDS DOUBLING THE FfNAL CONSONANT, OR NOT. 



105 



Monosyllables ending with a single consonant, preceded by a single 
vowel, double the last letter when they take an additional syllable begin- 
ning with a vowel ; and are thereby distinguished from others which, 
ending with e mute, do not double the last consonant. 



Bar, to hinder. 

barred, hindered. 

Hop, to jump on one leg. 

hopping, jumping on one leg. 

Pin, to fasten with pins. 

pinning, . . fastening with pins. 

Plan to contrive. 

planner, a contriver. 

Plat, to braid. 

platted, braided. 

Rob, to plunder, to steal. 

robbing, stealing. 

Slop, to spill about. 

slopping, spilling. 

Strip, to undress. 

stripped, undressed. 



Bare, to lay open. 

bared, laid open. 

Hope, ... to expect with desire. 

hoping, expecting. 

Pine, to languish. 

pining, languishing. 

Plane, to smooth. 

planer, a smoother. 

Plate, to silver over. 

plated, silvered over. 

Robe, to put on robes. 

robing, putting on robes. 

Slope, to incline. 

sloping, inclining. 

Stripe, .... to mark with lines, 
striped, . . . .marked with lines. 



The preceding rule respecting the doubling of the final consonant is 
also applicable to dissyllables accented on the latter syllable, but not to 
those accented on the former, except the final consonant be I, which is 
generally doubled. 



Impel', to push forward. 

impel'ling, . . pushing forward. 

Rebel', to revolt. 

rebellious, revolting. 

Distil', ... .to extract by heat. 

distiller, one who distils. 

Defer', ... .to put off, to delay. 

deferring, delaying. 

Unship', to take out of a ship, 
unship'ped, taken out of a ship. 

Commit', to do an act. 

commit'tal, a sending to prison. 



Can'cel, to wipe out. 

can'celling, erasing. 

Gro'vel, to be mean. 

grov'eller, ... .a mean person. 

Cav'il, to find fault. 

cav'iller, . . .a trifling objector. 

Offer, to present. 

offering, a present. 

Wor'ship, to adore. 

wor'shiped, adored. 

Vict'ual, . .to supply with food, 
victualler, a publican. 



Words in which, as well as in their compounds, the letter H is not 
aspirated. 

Heir, an inheritor. | Host'ler, he who takes care of 

Herb, a plant, j horses at an inn. 

Honest, just, upright. | Hour, sixty minutes. 

Honor, dignity. I Hu'mor, disposition. 

Before these words, instead of the article a, we make use of an. 



106 WORDS DIFFERING IN ACCENT. 




DISSYLLABLES 


Spelt and pronounced alike, 


excepting the accent 


Signification when the accent is on 


Signification when the accent is on 


the first syllable. 




the second syllable. 


Mean, worthless. 


Abject. 


To throw away. 


not present. 


Absent. 


to keep away. 


; an abridgement. 


Abstract. 


to take from. 


modification of voice. 


Accent. 


to mark the accents. 


, direction of a letter. 


Address. 


to speak or apply to. 


a particle added to a } 
word. $ 


Affix. 


to subjoin. 


1 an increase. 


Augment. 


to increase. 


the eighth month. 


August. 


grand. 


a great gun. 


Bombard. 


to attack with bombs. 


big words. 


Bombast. 


high sounding. 


to beat. 


Buffet. 


a cupboard. 


n partner. 


Colleague. 


to unite with. 


a short prayer. 


Collect. 


to gather. 


an exposition. 


Comment. 


to expound. 


an agreement. 


Compact. 


firm, solid. 


a confederacy. 


Complot. 


to conspire. 


behavior. 


Comport. 


to suit. 


a mixture. 


Compound. 


to mingle. 


a bolster of linen, used 
in surgery. 


> Compress. 


to force together. 


a musical performance. 


Concert. 


to contrive. 


a mass formed of parts. 


Concrete. 


to unite into one body. 


behavior. 


Conduct. 


to manage, to guide. 


a sweetmeat. 


Confect. 


{ to make up into sweet- 
l meats. 


boundary. 


Confine. 


to limit, to restrain. 


a struggle. 


Conflict. 


to contest. 


a sweetmeat. 


Conserve. 


to candy fruit. 


companion. 


Consort. 


to associate with. 


a council. 


Consult. 


to ask advice. 


a dispute. 


Contest. 


to dispute. 


the general series. 


Context. 


knit together. 


a bargain. 


Contract. 


to shorten ; to bargain. 


opposition. 


Contrast. 


to put in opposition. 


discourse. 


Converse. 


to talk. 


one who embraces a ) 
new opinion. ) 


Convert. 


{ to turn from a bad to 
I a good life. 


a person found guilty. 


Convict. 


to prove guilty. 



WORDS DIFFERING IN ACCENT. 107 


Signification when the accent is on 


Signification when the accent is on 


the first syllable. 




the second syllable. 


attendance for defence. 


Convoy. 


to escort. 


a falling off 


Decrease. 


to grow less. 


particular account. 


Detail. 


to particularize. 


disagreement. 


Discord. 


to disagree. 


money deducted. 


Discount. 


to pay beforehand. 


a flowing out. 


Efflux. 


to flow out. 


a convoy. 


Escort. 


to guard to a place. 


an attempt. 


Essay. 


. to endeavor. 


commodity sent out. 


Export. 


{ to carry out of the 
( country. 


essence drawn out. 


Extract. 


to draw out. 


a tumult. 


Ferment. 


to put into a tumult. 


contrivance. 


Forecast. 


to form schemes. 


anticipation. 


Foretaste. 


to taste before. 


happening often. 


Frequent. 


to visit often. 


consequence. 


Import. 


to bring into. 


mark, stamp. 


Impress. 


to print. 


printer's name in the > 
title of a book. $ 


Imprint. 


to fix in the mind. 


perfumes burnt. 


Incense. 


to enrage. 


augmentation. 


Increase. 


to grow bigger. 


wood formed to inlay. 


Inlay. 


to variegate wood, &c. 


natural impulse. 


Instinct. 


animated. 


insolence. 


Insult. 


to treat with contempt. 


a thing seen or felt. 


Object. 


to oppose. 


flight, escape. 


Outleap. 


to leap beyond. 


complete. 


Perfect. 


to finish, to complete. 


fragrance. 


Perfume. 


to scent. 


a written permission. 


Permit. 


to allow. 


a particle put before > 
a word. $ 


Prefix. 


to put before. 


to make new. 


Reform. 


to amend. 


passage back. 


Regress. 


to go back. 


sale by small lots. 


Retail. 


to sell in small lots. 


one under dominion. 


Subject. 


to put under. 


the family name. 


Surname. 


to add another name. 


a view ; measure. 


Survey. 


to overlook. 


pain, anguish. 


Torment. 


to vex, to torture. 


a conveyance. 


Transfer. 


to convey, to remove. 


a vessel of carriage. 


Transport. 


to banish ; to enrapture. 


a negligent dress. 


Undress. 


to take off the clothes. 


one suddenly raised. 


Upstart. 


to rise suddenly. 



108 



WORDS DIFFERING IN ACCENT AND SOUND. 



WORDS 
Spelt alike, but differing both in accent and sound. 

TWO SYLLABLES. 



Cem'ent, sticky matter. 

cement', . .to unite by mortar. 
Con' jure, . . to practise charms. 

conjure', to intreat. 

Des'cant, a song or tune. 

descant', to harangue. 

Des'ert, a wilderness. 

desert', to forsake. 

Di'gest, . .the body of the civil 

law. 
digest',, .to concoct in the sto- 
mach. 
En'trance, . . . commencement, 
entrance',. . .to put into an ec- 
stasy. 

g x 'iie banishment. 

exile','.'.'.'.' slender. 

high spirited. 

. . attentive to ladies. 
a short space of time. 

small. 

.... an introduction. 
. . .to be previous to. 



Gal'lant 

gallant', 

Minute, 

minute', . 

Prel'ude, 

prelude', 



Pres'age, a prognostic. 

presage', to forebode. 

Pres'ent, a gift. 

present', ...to offer. 

Produce, ..product. 

produce', , to cause. 

Prog'ress, .... motion forward. 

progress', to advance. 

Prefect, a scheme. 

project', .to put out. 

Prot'est, a declaration against, 
protest',, .to declare solemnly. 
Prov'ost, . .the chief of a body, 
provost',. . .the executioner of 
an army. [ment. 

Reb'el, an opponent to govern- 
rebel', to rise against authority. 

Rec'ord, a register. 

record', to enrol. 

Refuse, that which is rejected. 

refuse', to reject. 

Repent', to feel sorrow, 

re'pent, creeping. 



At' tribute, quality. 

attribute, to ascribe. 

Con'fessor, he who hears con- 
fessions. 

confes'sor, . . he who confesses. 

Counterbalance, an equipoise. 

counterbal'ance, to weigh 

against. 

Inval'id, weak ' 

invalid', a sick person. 

Overcharge, too high a charge. 

overcharge', to oppress. 



THREE SYLLABLES. 

Precedent, an example. 

prece'dent, going before. 

Prem'ises,. .houses, lands, &c. 

premi'ses, explains before. 

Recollect, to call to mind. 

re'collect, to collect again. 

Recompense, . . a reward. 

recompense', . .to reward. 

Sin'ister, . . corrupt, insidious. 

sinis'ter, left-handed. 

Sev'erer, . .onewhe separates, 
seve'rer, more rigorous. 



WORDS DIFFERING 



lUNCIATION. 



109 



Words spelt alike, but pronounced differently. 

1st. In which ow has the: sound of o in the former, and of 
ou in the latter, of each pair. 



Bow, . . an instrument to shoot 

arrows 
bow, to bend, to stoop, 

to salute courteously. 

Lower, to bring down. 

lower, to appear dark. 



Mow, to cut down. 

mow, a mass of hay or grain. 
Row, . . a rank or file of things, 
row, .... a tumult, an uproar. 

Sow, to scatter seed. 

sow, a female pig 



2d. In which s has the sound of s in the former, and of % in 
the latter, of each pair. 



Abuse, . . the ill use of a thing, 
abuse, . . to make an ill use of. 
Close, .... shut fast ; narrow. 

close, the conclusion. 

Cruise, a small cup. 

cruise,, .a voyage for plunder. 
Diffuse',. . .scattered; copious, 
diffuse',, .to spread, to scatter. 

Excuse', an apology. 

excuse',. ........ .to pardon. 

Grease, soft fat. 

grease, . . to smear with grease. 

House, a place of abode. 

house, ... to shelter, to harbor. 



Lease, a contract for land, &c. 

lease, to glean. 

Misuse', a bad use. 

misuse', .to misemploy. 

Mouse, a little animal. 

mouse, to catch mice. 

Noose, a running knot. 

noose, to catch. 

Refuse, that which is rejected, 
refuse', ... .to reject; to deny. 

Resign', to sign again. 

resign', to relinquish. 

Use, . . . purpose, convenience, 
use, to employ, to treat. 



3d. Various 



A'te, the goddess of mischief. 

ate, devoured. 

Bass, a fish ; a mat. 

bass, the lower notes in music. 

Beat, to strike. 

beat, conquered. 

Chap, a fellow. 

chap, to crack the skin by cold. 
Clean'ly, . . in a clean manner, 
clean'iy, neat, pure, nice. 



Clothes, provides with articles 

of dress. 

clothes, garments. 

Cour'tesy, civility. 

courte'sy, the reverence made 

by women. 

Deni'er, one who denies. 

denier', ....... a French coin. 

Does, female deer. 

does, doth. 



K 



110 



WORDS DIFFERING IN PRONOUNCTATION. 



Dove, a bird. 

dove, did dive. 

Eat, to take food. 

eat, devoured. 

Fin'ish, . . . .~. . . .to complete. 

fi'nish, rather fine. 

Gill, a quarter of a pint.- 

gill, an opening on each side 
_of a fish's head. 

Gout, a painful disease. 

gout (goo) taste. 

Hinder, to prevent. 

hind'er, backward. 

Intimate, . . .to hint. 

intimate, familiar. 

1'rony, . . . .contrary meaning. 

i'rony, partaking of iron. 

Job, petty work. 

Job, .a man's name. 

Lead, to conduct. 

lead, a soft, heavy metal. 

Learn'ed, . . intelligent, skilful. 

learned, did learn. 

Live, to continue in life. 

live, . . . vivid ; spoken of color. 

Lives, plural of life. 

lives, dwells. 

"Manes, hair on animals' necks. 

ma'nesj departed spirits. 

Mod'erate, ...... ..to regulate. 

moderate, temperate. 

| No'table, remarkable. 

| not'able, .... careful, bustling. 

i Num'ber, reckoning. 

numb'er, more torpid. 

j Plait, to fold. 

; plait or plat, to braid. 

Polish, to brighten. 

Po'lish, . .belonging to Poland. 



Pri'mer, more excellent. 

prim'er, . . .a child's first book. 

Prob'able, likely. 

pro'bable, that can be probed. 

Ra'rity, uncommonness. 

rarity, thinness. 

Ra'ven, .... a large black bird, 
rav'en, ... .to devour greedily. 

Read, to peruse. 

read, perused. 

Read'ing, perusing. 

Reading, the name of a town. 
Re' formation,, .forming anew, 
reformation,, .a change from 

worse to better. 
Riv'er, ... .a current of water 

larger than a brook, 
ri'ver, one who splits or cleaves. 

Seine, a sort of net. 

Seine, a river of France. 

Sep'arate, to part. 

sep'arate, .disjoined. 

Sew'er, .... an officer at feasts. 

sew'er, a needle woman. 

sewer, a drain. 

Slough,. . .a deep, miry place, 
slough,, .a serpent's cast skin. 
Staves, .... the plural of staff, 
staves, .... the plural of stave. 

Tar'ry, to wait, to stay. 

tar'ry, smeared with tar. 

Tear, .... water from the eye. 

tear, to rend. 

Wind, ........ air in motion. 

wind, to twist. 

Wound, twisted. 

wound, a hurt. 

Wors'ted, woollen yarn. 

worst'ed, defeated. 



EQUIVOCAL WORDS. HI 



EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 

Words that have very different meanings, and mould require to be 

translated by different words. 

Address, v. To accost. — n. Deportment. — Dexterity. — Direc- 
tion of a letter. 

Air. n. What we breathe. — Music. — Mien. 

Angle, n. A corner. — v. To fish with a rod and hook. 

Apparent, a. Plain, visible. — Seeming, not real. 

Arch. n. Part of a bridge. — a. Mirthful. 

Art. n. Practical science. — v. Thou art, (not, thou be.) 

Bachelor, n. An unmarried man. — One who has taken his first 
degree in a college, 

Bait. n. A temptation. — Refreshment. — v. To worry with dogs. 

Ball. n. A round thing. — An entertainment of dancing. 

Bank. n. A heap of earth. — The place where money is kept. 

•Bar. n. A piece of wood to stop a passage. — The place where 
the criminal stands in court. 

Bark. n. The rind of a tree—A stout vessel. — v. To make a 
noise as a dog. [slightly. 

Baste, v. To pour the dripping over roasting meat. — To sew 

Base. a. Vile, worthless. — n. The foundation. 

Bat. n. A stick to strike a ball. — A small animal with wings, 
but no feathers. [bark. 

Bay. n. A tree. — An opening in the land. — A color. — v. To 

Beam. n. A large piece of timber. — A ray of light. 

Bear. v. To carry. — n. A rough savage animal. 

Become, v. To enter into a new condition. — To befit. 

Bed. n. What we sleep on. — The channel of a river. 

Beetle, n. An insect. — A heavy mallet. 

Bill. n. The beak of a bird. — An account of money. 

Billet, n. A log of fire-wood. — A note. 

Bit. w..A small piece. — The iron put into a horse's mouth. 

Blade, n. The cutting part of a tool. — A leaf of grass. 

Blow. n. A stroke. — v. To puff. — To blossom. 

Board, n. A plank. — v. To live with another for a certain price. 

Boil. n> A painful sore. — v. To be agitated with heat. 

Boot. n. Covering for the leg. — Profit, advantage. 

Bound, n. A limit. — A leap. — v. Did bind. 

Bowl. n. A vessel for liquids. — A ball. — v. To roll. 

Box. n. A tree. — A case or chest. — A slap on the ear. — A seat 
in a tavern or playhouse. — v. To fight with the fists. 

Brace, v. To bind.— n. A couple. 

Brazier, n. A worker in copper. — A pan to hold coals. 



■SIP 



112 EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 



Brook, n. A rivulet. — v. To endure. 

Butt. n. A vessel containing two hogsheads. — An object of ridi- 

cule. — v. To strike with the head. 
Calf. n. The young of a cow. — The thick part of the leg. 
Can. n. A metal jug. — v. To be able. 
Cape. n. A headland. — A collar piece. 
Caper, v. To skip and jump. — n. A pickle. 
Card. n. Thick stiff paper. — v. To comb wool. 
Case. n. A covering. — State of things. — Variation of nouns* 
Cast. v. Tp throw. — To form in a mould.— n. A moulded form. 
Cataract." ». A waterfall. — A disease in the eye. 
Charge, n. Care. — Command. — Accusation. — Expense. 
Cleave, v. To split. — To stick. 
Clove, n. An aromatic spice. — v. Did cleave. 
Club. n. A heavy stick. — A society. 

Cockle, n. A shell fish. — A weed that grows among grain. 
Collation, n. Comparison. — A repast. 
Comb. n. An instrument for the hair. — The crest of a cock. — 

The cells in which bees put honey. [prison. 

Commit, v. To intrust. — To be guilty of a crime. — To send to 
Concordance, n. Agreement. — An index to words in the Bible. 
Consistency, n. Congruity.: — Degree of density. 
Content, a. Satisfied. — n. Capacity. 
Copy. n. A model to be imitated. — An imitation. 
Corn. n. Grain. — A horny .substance on the foot. — v. To salt. 
Count, v. To reckon. — n. An earl. — A point in an indictment. 
Counter, n. A table in a shop. — a. Contrary. 
Court, v. To solicit. — n. Space before a house. — A little street. 
Crab. n. A shell-fish. — A wild apple. 
Craft, n. Cunning. — Small sailing vessels. 
Crane, n. A long-legged bird. — An engine to raise weights. — 

A bent tube to draw liquor, out of a cask. 
Cricket, n. A chirping insect. — A game with bats and balls. 
Crop. n. The harvest. — The craw of a bird. — v. To cut short. 
Cross, n. A straight body laid at right angles over another. — 

a. Peevish. — v. To thwart. [cock. 

Crow. n. A large black bird. — An iron lever. — The voice of a 
Cry. v. To call out. — To weep. 

Dam. n. The mother of an animal. — A bank to confine water. 
Date. n. A time. — The fruit of the date tree. 
Deal. n. A great part. — Fir-wood.— v. To traffic. 
Dear. a. Beloved. — Expensive. 
Deck. n. The floor of a ship. — v. To dress. 
Desert', n. Merit. — v. To forsake. 



rTtYIW^irft ItratM i rffirf^fflirv--'---- . ...±^&iasasa&&sl*mau 



EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 113 



Despatch, n. Haste, speed. — v. To put to death. 

Die. v. To expire.— To tinge.— n. A stamp. — A color. — A 

little cube. 
Diet. n. Food.- — An assembly. 

Divers, n. They who plunge under water. — a. Several. [off. 
Dock. n. A place where ships are built. — An herb. — v. To cut 
Down. n. Soft feathers. — An open plain. — adv. Not up. 
Draw. i?. To drag. — To take from a cask. — To delineate. 
Drill, v. To bore holes. — -To exercise recruits. 
Drug. n. A medicinal simple. — Any worthless thing. 
Dun. a. Dark coloured. — n. A clamorous creditor. 
Ear. n. The organ of hearing. — A spike of corn. 
Elder, a. Older. — n. The name of a shrub. 
Ellipsis, n. An omission of words. — An oval. 
Engross, v. To occupy the whole. — To copy law writings. 
Entertain, v. To amuse. — To hold in the mind. 
Even. a. Level. — n. Evening. — adv. Verily ; likewise. 
Exact, a. Accurate. — v. To require authoritatively. 
Express, v. To utter. — To squeeze out. — a. Exactly like. 
Fair. a. Beautiful. — Jusk — Favorable. — n. An annual market. 
Fare. n. Price of passage by land or water. — Provisions. 
Fast. a. Firm. — Swift. — n. Abstinence from food. 
Fawn. n. A young deer. — v. To court servilely. 
Feed. v. To supply with food. — "par. Rewarded. 
Fell. v. Did fall. — To cut down. — a. Gruel. 
Fellow, n. An associate. — One of a pair. — A mean person. 
Felt. v. Perceived. — n. Woollen cloth or stuff for hats, &c. 
Ferret, n. A sort of weasel. — A kind of narrow ribbon. 
Figure, n. Shape. — A statue. — A numerical character. 
File. n. A rasping tool. — A line on which papers are put. 
Fillet, n. A band. — The thick part of a leg of veal. 
Fine. a. Thin. — Clear.— Splendid. — n. A forfeit. — The end. 
Firm. a. Strong. — Steady. — n. The name or title of partners 

in trade. 
Fit. a. Proper. — Suitable. — n.- A paroxysm. — v. To suit. 
Flag. n. A water plant. — A paving stone. — Colors or ensign. — 

v. To hang loosely. — To grow spiritless. 
Flatter, a. Smoother. — v. To praise falsely. 
Fleet, n. A navy. — a. Nimble. 

Flock, n. A company of birds or beasts. — A lock of wool. 
Foil. n. A defeats — Leaf metal. 
Fold. n. An enclosure for sheep. — A double. 
Foot. n. Part of the body on which we stand. — Twelve inches 
For. prep. Instead of, on account of. — conj. Because. 

K2 ~ 



114 EQUI VOCAL WORDS. 



Forge, v. To form by the hammer. — To counterfeit. 

Former, a. Prior. — n. A maker. 

Founder, n. One who establishes.— A caster. — v. To sink to 

the bottom. 
Fret. v. To be peevish. — To wear away by rubbing. 
Fry. n. A swarm of young fishes. — &. To dress food in a pan. 
Fuller, a. Nearer full. — n. A cleanser of cloth. 
Game.-/*. Sport. — Animals chased. 
Gin. n. A snare.- — A spirit distilled from juniper berries. 
Gloss, n. Superficial lustre. — A comment. 
Gore. n. Clotted blood. — v. To pierce with a horn. 
Grain, n. Corn. — Any minute particle. — A small weight. 
Grate, n. A range of bars. — v. To wear away by rasping.— To 

make a harsh noise. 
Grateful, a. Thankful.— Delightful. 
Grave, n. The place where corpses are buried. — a. Serious. — v. 

To carve. 
Graze, v. To feed on grass. — To touch lightly. 
Green, a. Colored like grass. — Fresh. — Immature. 
Gross, a. Large, coarse. — n. The whole bulk. — Twelve dozen. 
Ground, n. Earth. — The first coat of paint. — v. To found. — 

part. Sharpened by grinding. — Reduced to powder. 
Habit, n. State of a thing. — Custom. — Dress. . 
Hail. n. Frozen rain. — v. To salute. 
Hamper, n. A large packing basket. — v. To perplex. 
Heaven, n. The eternal abode of the good. — The sky. 
Help. v. To assist. — To avoid. 
Hide. v. To conceal. — n. The skin of an animal. 
Hind. a. Backward.— ft. A female stag. — A peasant. 
Hop. v. To jump on one leg. — n. A climbing plant. 
Host. n. The master of a feast. — Landlord of an inn. — An army. 

— Any great number. 
Hue. n. A color. — A clamor. 
Instance, n. Importunity. — Example. 
Instant, a. Urgent. — Immediate. — n. A moment. 
Jar. n. An earthen vessel.— A rattling sound, — Discord. — The 

state of a door not quite shut. 
Jet. n. A black fossil. — A spout of water. — v. To jut out. 
Just. a. Upright, honest. — adv. Exactly. — Nearly. 
Kennel, n. A cot for dogs. — A water course* [culties. 

Key. n. An instrument to open a lock. — Means of solving diffi- 
Kind. a. Benevolent.— n. A sort. 
Lace. n. A string. — Curiously woven thread. 
Lake. n. A large space of inland water. — A beautiful color. 



EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 115 



Lap. v. To lick up.— To wrap or twist round. — rc.That part of 
a person sitting, which extends from the waist to the knees. 

Last, a. Latest.— v. To endure.— n. The mould on which shoes 
are made. 

Lawn, n, An open plain. — Fine linen. 

Lay. v. To place down. — To wager. — Did lie. — n. A song. — 
a. Not clerical. 

League, n. A confederacy. — Three miles in length. 

Lean. v. To incline, n. The muscular part of flesh. — a. Thin. 

Leave, n. Permission. — -v. To quit. — To desist. 

Left. a. Opposite to the right, — part. Not taken. 

Let. v. To permit.— To hinder. — n. Hindrance. [lets. 

Letter, n. An alphabetical character. — -An epistle. — One who 

Lie. v. To rest. — To utter wilful falsehoods. — n. A fiction. 

Light, n. Illumination. — a. Not heavy. — Bright. — v. To 
kindle. 

Like. a. Resembling. — v. To approve. — adv. As. [stance. 

Lime. n. Calcareous earth. — A sort of lemon. — A sticky sub- 
Line, n. A string. — A single verse. — v. To cover inside. 

Link. n. A single ring of a chain. — A torch. — v. To connect. 

Litter, n. A portable bed. — Straw laid under animals. — A num- 
ber of things in disorder. — A birth of animals. 

Liver, n. One of the entrails.— One who lives. 

Lock. n. A fastening. — A tuft of hair or wool. — A contrivance 
to raise boats in canals. 

Long. a. Protracted. ~v. To desire earnestly. 

Lot. n. Fortune. — A parcel. 

Lute. n. A stringed musical instrument. — A sort of cement. 

Mace. n. An ensign of authority. — A kind of spice. 

Mail. n. Armor. — A post-bag of letters. 

Mangle, v. To smooth linen. — To cut and tear. 

March, n. The third month. — v. To walk in procession. 

Mass. n. A lump. — The service of the Latin church. 

Mast. n. The pole to which the sails of a ship are fixed. — The 
fruit of oak or beech. 

Match, n. A thing that easily inflames. — An equal. — A thing 
that suits. — A marriage. [quence. 

Matter, n. Material substance.- — Subject of discourse. — Conse- 

Mead. n. A meadow. — Honey-wine. 

Meal. n. A repast. — The flour of grain. 

Mean. a. Base. — Niggardly.— n. Medium.- — v. To intend.*— 
To signify. 

Meet. v. To encounter.— a. Proper, .suitable. 

Mine. n. A cavern dug for minerals. — proa. Belonging to me. 



116 EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 



Mint. n. A plant. — The place where money is coined. ^ 
Minute, n. The sixtieth part of an hour. — A short note. 
Mole. ?u A little animal. — A spot on the skin. — A mound. 
Moor. n. A marsh or fen. — A negro. — v. To fasten by anchors. 
Mortar, n. A vessel in which things are pounded. — Cement for 

bricks. — A short wide cannon for bombs. 
Mould, n. The ground in which plants grow. — The shape in 

which things are cast. — Concretions by decay. 
Must. v. To be forced. — To grow musty. — n. New wine. 
Nail. n. The horny substance at the end of the fingers and toes. 

— A metal spike. — Two inches- and a quarter. 
Nap. n. A short sleep. — The down on cloth, &c. 
Neat. n. An ox or cow. — a. Elegant. — Pure. 
Nervous, a. Vigorous. — Having weak nerves. 
No. a. Not any. — adv. The word of refusal or denial. 
Oblige, v. To compel.-^-To please. 
Order, n. Regularity. — A command. — Class. 
Organ, n. A natural instrument of sense. — A musical wind in- 
strument. 
Ounce, n. A small weight. — An animal like a panther. 
Page. n. One side of a leaf. — A young attendant on a prince. 
Pale. a. Wan. — Dim.— n. A rail to enclose grounds. — A dis 

trict or territory. , 

Pall. n. A covering for the dead. — v. To become insipid. 
Palm. n. A tree. — Victory. — The inner part of the hand. — 

v. To impose upon by fraud. 
Partial, a. Fond of. — Affecting only a part. 
Patient, a. Enduring. — n. A sick person. 
Peck. n. A quarter of a bushel — v. To pick up food with the 

beak. — To strike with a pointed instrument. 
Peer. n. An equal. — A nobleman. 
Pen. n. A writing instrument. — A small inclosure. 
Perch, n. A kind of fish. — That which birds sit on. — -5? yards. 
Pet. n. A slight passion. — A favorite. 
Pike. n. A fish of prey. — A long lance. 
Pile. n. A beam driven into the ground. — A heap. 
Pine. n. A tree. — v. To languish. 
Pinion, n. A wing. — Fetters for the arms. — A small-toothed 

wheel. — v. To shackle. 
Pink. w. A Jlower. — A rose color. 
Pitch, w. Thickened tar. — Degree of elevation. — p. To fix. — 

To throw. 
Plate, n. A small round dish. — Wrought silver. — Flatted metal. 
Poach, v* To boil slightly. — To steal game. 



EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 117 



Pole. n. A long piece of timber. — 5 J yards in length. — The 

extremity of the earth's axis. — A native of Poland. 
Port. n. A harbor. — A gate. — The gun-hole in a ship. — A sort 

of wine from Oporto. 
Porter, n. A door-keeper. — One who carries loads. — Strong beer. 
Post. n. A piece of timber set up. — A messenger. — Employ. — 

v. To travel quickly. — To transcribe into a ledger. 
Pound, n. Twenty shillings. — A weight. — A prison for stray 

beasts. — v. To reduce to powder. 
Prefer, v. To choose before another. — To advance. 
Pretend, v. To represent falsely. — To intend. 
Prune, v. To lop trees. — n. A dried plum. 
Pulse, n. Motion of the blood in an artery. — Leguminous plants. 
Pump. n. An engine to raise water. — A kind of shoe. 
Punch, n. A blunt tool to strike holes. — A mixed liquor. — A 

buffoon. 
Pupil, n. The apple of the eye. — A scholar. — A ward. 
Purchase, v. To buy. — n. Convenience for Using force. 
Quarter, n. A fourth part. — Mercy granted by a conqueror. — 

Eight bushels. — v. To lodge soldiers. 
Race. n. A generation. — A course at running. 
Rail. n. A bar of wood or iron. — v. To utter reproaches; to scoff. 
Ram. n. A male sheep. — v. To drive in violently. 
Rank. a. Luxuriant. — Rancid. — n. A row. — Dignity. 
Rash. a. Hasty. — n. A breaking out. 
Rear. n. The hinder part. — v. To raise up. — To educate. 
Render, n. One who tears. — v. To return. — To yield. 
Rent. n. A tear. — An annual payment. 
Resolution, n. Act of separating into parts. — Determination. 
Rest. n. Repose. — Remainder. 

Right, a. True. — Straight. — Not left. — n. Justice. — Just claim. 
Ring. n. A circle. — v. To sound a bell, &c. 
Rock. n. A vast mass of stone. — v. To shake. 
Roe. n. A female deer. — The eggs of fish. 
Rose. n. A sweet-scented flower. — v. Did rise. 
Rue. n. A plant. — v. To regret. 
Rush. n. A plant. — v. To move with violence. 
Sack. n. A bag. — A sort of wine. — v. To pillage. 
Sage. n. A plant. — a. Wise. 
Sash. n. A silken band.- — A window frame. 
Saw. n. A toothed cutting instrument. — A proverb. — v. Did see. 
Scale, n. A balance. — Graduation. — A little shell on a fish's 

skin. — v. To climb. — To peel off in thin pieces. 
Seal. n. The sea-calf. — A stamp. 



118 EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 



Season, n. One of the four parts of the year. — A fit time. — 

v. To give a relish to. 
See. n. The diocess of a bishop. — v. To view. 
Set. v. To place. — To bring to a fine edge. — To fall below the 

horizon. — n. A number of things suited to each other. 
Shed. n. A slight, covered building. — v. To let fall, to spill. 
Shoal. n. A great multitude. — A sand bank. — a. Shallow. 
Smelt, n. A small sea-fish. — v. To melt ore. — Did smell. 
Sole. n. The bottom of the foot. — A small sea-fish. — a. Only. 
Sound, n. A noise. — A shallow sea. — A probe. — a. Hearty.-— 

Uninjured. — v. To try depth. [liquor. 

Spirit, n. The soul of man. — Courage. — An inflammable distilled 
Spring, n. One of the four seasons. — An elastic body. — A leap. 

— A fountain. — v. To arise. — To grow. 
Steep, a. Much inclined. — v. To soak. 
Steer, n. A young bullock. — v. To direct a course. 
Stem. 11. A stalk. — v. To oppose a current. 
Stern, a. Severe. — n. The hind part of a ship. 
Stick, ii. A slender piece of wood. — v. To adhere. — To stab. 
Still, a. Quiet. — v. To calm. — n. A vessel for distilling. — adv. 

To this time. — conj. Notwithstanding. 
Strain, v. To filter. — To sprain. — n. A violent effort. — A song. 
Succeed, v. To follow. — To prosper. 
Suffer, v. To permit, to allow. — To endure, to bear. 
Suit. n. A set. — Courtship. — Prosecution. — v. To fit. 
Swallow, n. A bird. — v. To take down the throat. 
Table, n. A board used for meals, &c. — An index. 
Tack. v. To join.— To turn a ship. — n. A little nail. 
Taper, n. A wax candle. — a. Regularly narrowed. 
Tender, n. An attendant. — a. Soft. — -v. To offer. 
Till. v. To cultivate. — n. A money-box. — adv. To the time when. 
Toll. n. An excise of goods. — v. To ring a bell. 
Top. n. The highest part of anything. — A boy's plaything. 
Treat, v. To negociate. — To discourse. — n. A feast. 
Tumbler, n. A posture-master.- — A large drinking-glass. 
Turtle, ii. A species of dove. — The sea-tortoise. 
Usher, v. To introduce. — n. An under-teacher. 
Utter, v. To speak. — a. Extreme. 
Vault, n. A cellar. — v. To leap. 
Vice. n. Wickedness. — An iron screw-press. 
Wages, n. Pay to servants. — v. Carries on. 
Well. n. A deep narrow pit of water. — a. In good health. 
Yard. n. Enclosed ground by a house. — A measure of three 

feet. — The support of the sails of a ship. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 119 



CHAPTER III. 
DERIVATION. 

Words are either primitive or derivative. 

Primitive words are such as are not formed from any sim- 
pler English words ; as, bread, wine, light. 

Derivatives are such as are formed from simpler English 
words ; as, goodness, teacher, workmanship. 

Primitive nouns, adjectives, and verbs, have various end- 
ings : as, man, garden, horse ; hot, broad, wise ; live, teach, 
work. 

Sometimes the same word, is either a noun, a verb, or an 
adjective: as, salt, light :— sometimes a noun or a verb: as 
judge, love : — sometimes an adjective or a verb ; as, warm, ex- 
act. 

Nouns are derived from verbs, adjectives, and other nouns : 
thus, from write, writer: from stand, standard; from hard, 
hardship ; from true, truth ; from office, officer ; from station, 
stationer and stationery. 

Adjectives are derived from nouns and verbs : thus, from 
man/manly ; from fruit, fruitful ; from courage, courageous ; 
from perish, perishable ; from dedicate, dedicatory ; from con- 
sist, consistent. 

Verbs are derived from nouns and adjectives: thus, from 
circle, to encircle ; from fame, to defame ; from human, to hu- 
manize ; from large, to enlarge. 

Participles are derived from verbs. Present participles al- 
ways end in ing : as, washing, reading. Past participles, 
when regular, end in ed : as, washed, formed ; when not regu- 
lar, they end variously : as, taught, wrote, drawn, done, round. 

Adverbs are frequently derived from adjectives, by the ad- 
dition of ly: as, from sweet, sweetly. 

Some words are primitives in English, although derived 
from foreign derivatives : thus, paternal, from the Latin pater- 
nus, fatherly ; from pater, a father. 

As many English words are derived from Latin and Greek 
compounds, a List of the principal Prepositions that enter into 
composition is here exhibited ; together with examples show- 
ing the manner in which they are used. 

Some of these Prepositions, especially ad and in, change 
their last letter, that they may more easily unite with the first 
letter of the syllable to which they are prefixed ; thus, annex 
instead of adnex ; import for inport, &c, as may be seen below. 

LATIN PREPOSITIONS. 
A, ab, abs, from or away ; as, avert, to turn from ; abduce, to 
lead away ; abstain, to keep from. 



120 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



Ad, to or at ; as, adhere, to stick to ; ac, as, acquire, to gain ; 
of, as, affable, that may be spoken to ; ag, as, aggressor, an 
assailant ; al, as, alliance, a union ; an, as, announce, to de- 
clare ; op, as, appeal, to call to ; as, as, assent, to agree to ; 
<z£, as, attain, to reach to. 

iinZe, before ; as, antepast, a foretaste ; antecedent, going before. 

Circum, about ; as, circumjacent, lying around. 

Contra, against ; as, contravene, to oppose. 

De, from or down ; as, depose, to put down ; descend, to come 
down. 

E or ex, out of; as, e/ec£, to throw out ; exclude, to shut out ; 
ec, as, eccentricity, distance between the centre and focus of 
an ellipse or hyperbola ; ef, as, efflux, a flowing out. 

Extra, without ; as, extravagant, wandering without bounds. 

In, in, into or upon ; as, insert, to put in ; il, as, illume, to en- 
lighten ; irn, as, imbibe, to drink in ; ir, as, irradiate, to shine 
upon. In also denotes privation or negation ; as, insipid, 
tasteless ; indecent, unbecoming ; ignorant, not knowing. 

Inter, between or among ; as, intervene, to Come between. 

Intro (for intra) within ; as, introduce, to lead in. 

Ob, denotes opposition ; as, object, to cast against ; oc, as, oc- 
cur, to be presented to notice ; of, as, offer, to bring before ; 
op, as, oppose, to place against. 

Per, through ; as, pervade, to pass through. 

Post, after ; as, postscript, written after ; postpone, to put off. 

Prce, before ; as, precede, to go before ; prelude, an introduction. 

Praiter, beside or beyond; as, preternatural, beyond nature. 

Pro, for, forth ; as, pronoun, a word used for a noun ; protrude, 
to thrust forward ; progress, forward motion. 

Sub, under ; as, subvert, to turn upside down ; sue, as, suc- 
ceed, to follow after; suf, as, suffer, to undergo; sup, as, 
suppose, to imagine ; sus, as, suspend, to hang. 

Super, above or over : as, superfluous, more than enough ; su- 
pervisor, an overseer ; supernatant, swimming above. 

Trans, over, beyond ; as, transfer, to carry over. 

INSEPARABLE PREPOSITIONS : 

So called because they are only met with in compound words. 

Co, col, com, con, cor, (for cum) with or together; as, coeval, 
existing together; collapse, to fall together; compound, to 
mingle; conspire, to agree together; correspond, to suit, to 
agree. 

Di or dis, asunder ; as, dilacerate, to tear asunder ; disperse, 
to scatter. 

Ne, (for non) not ; as, neuter, not either ; negligent, not careful. 

Re, again or back ; as, repeat, to say again ; revert, to turn 
back. 

Se, aside or apart ; as, seduce, to draw aside ; secrete, to put 
aside. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING -BOOK. 121 

GREEK PREPOSITIONS. 

A or an, denotes privation ; as, amorphous, without form ; 
anarchy, want of government ; apathy, want of feeling. 

Amphi, about or both ; as, amphitheatre, an area with seats 
about ; amphibious, living in both air and water. 

Ana, back again ; as, analyze, to resolve into its component 
parts. 

Anti, against ; as, antidote, a medicine to counteract the effects 
of poison. 

Apo, from ; as, apostle, a person sent from another. 

Dia, through ; as, diameter, a line passing through the centre 
of a circle ; diaphanous, that can be seen through. 

Epi, upon ; as, epidemic, a disease upon many people at once. 

Hyper, over ; ac, hypercritical, over critical. 

Hypo, under ; as, hypocrite, one who acts under false appear- 
ances. 

Kata, against, according to ; as, cataract, a waterfall ; liter- 
ally, water striking or dashing against any resisting sub- 
stance. 

Meta, denotes change ; as, metamorphosis, a change of shape. 

Para, beyond, opposite ; as, paradox, an assertion contrary, 
or opposite, to received opinion. 

Peri, about ; as, periphery, circumference. 

Syn, sym, together ; as, synod, an assembly ; sympathy, fellow 
feeling. 

TERMINATIONS. 

When the general signification of the root of a word is 
known, its particular meaning is frequently determined by the 
termination, as may be seen in the following examples. 

Archy, graphy, logy, meter, scope, tomy, and ism, are Greek 
terminations of nouns, signifying things; as, monarchy, 
geography, etymology, chronometer, microscope, anatomy, 
baptism. Numerous other examples of these may be found 
among the words derived from Greek roots. 

Of Nouns, signifying persons, some are derived from Latin, 
and end in 

or; as, governor, director, conductor, protector. 

ant or ent ; as, inhabitant, president, servant, student 

ist ; as, etymologist, baptist, chemist, ventriloquist, royalist. 

ate or ite; as, candidate, magistrate, favorite. 

ary ; as, missionary, adversary, depositary. 

Others are derived from Saxon, and end in 

er, ar, or eer ; as, farmer, printer, scholar, liar, mountaineer. 
an or ain ; as, publican, musician, American, Canadian. 
ard ; as, sluggard, dotard, drunkard, coward. 
ster ; as, tapster, maltster, barrister, punster, songster. 



122 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



Of Nouns, signifying things, some are derived from Latin 
and end in 

ion, tion, or sion; as, rotation, adhesion, vision, impression. 

ity or ety ; as, purity, humanity, utility, society, variety. 

ance or ence, ancy or ency ; as, elegance, defence, infancy, leniency. 

itude ; as, aptitude, servitude, latitude, multitude, fortitude. 

mony ; as, acrimony, patrimony, parsimony, matrimony. 

Others are derived from SaxOn, and end in 

ness ; as, hardness, redness, shyness, happiness, holiness. 

ship ; as, hardship, lordship, friendship, authorship. 

dom; as, freedom, wisdom, kingdom, martyrdom, earldom. 

hood ; as, boyhood, priesthood, manhood, widowhood. 

ing ; as, spelling, living, wedding, farming, carving. v 

er ; as, fender, dinner, sailer, grater, ladder, knocker. 

ry ; as, masonry, rivalry, cookery, bravery, slavery. 

al; as, betrayal, trial, removal, denial, approval. 

ty ; as, party, loyalty, novelty, subtlety, royalty. 

th ; as, breadth, health, dearth, length, width, strength. 

ment and age are French terminations ; as, movement, government, 
judgment, bondage, pillage, usage. 

Many derivative Verbs signify to make something, and end in 

en ; as, harden, shorten, fasten, darken, tighten, lengthen. 
" ate ; as, personate, venerate, renovate, operate, fluctuate. 
ify ; as, purify, beautify, falsify, glorify, magnify, fortify. 
ize; as, humanize, civilize, criticize, catechize, advertize. 

Derivative Adjectives have various terminations. 

Some, signifying being or having, end in 

ant or ent ; as, pleasant, different, excellent, abundant. 
ous; as, famous, dangerous, covetous, various, marvellous. 

Others, signifying of or belonging to, end in 
ary or ory ; as, elementary, promissory, preparatory. 
an or ian,; as, Christian, American, Parisian, Indian, Lutheran. 
al or ial ; as, natural, personal, verbal, formal, bridal, partial, social. 
ic or ical ; as, metallic, methodical, farcical, comic, tragical. 
ar ; as, circular, singular, regular, particular. 
ine ; as, serpentine, asinine, aquiline, feminine. 

Adjectives implying ability or worth, end in able or ible ; as, 
blameable, movable, questionable ; forcible, accessible, sensible. 

The foregoing terminations are chiefly from the Latin; the 
following are from the Saxon : 

ful ; as, thankful, artful, sinful, joyful, merciful, grateful. 
some ; as, tiresome, frolicsome, venturesome, wholesome. 
most ; as, uppermost, inmost, topmost, foremost, utmost. 
ward ; as, backward, northward, wayward, windward. 
ly ; as, friendly, stately, homely, costly, manly, heavenly. 
y ; as, hearty, wealthy, miry, speedy, woody, greasy^ oily. 
ish ; as, foolish^ sweetish, waspish, swinish, knavish. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



123 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



Ag'riculture. 

bandry. 
Agricultural. 

farming. 
Agricul'turist. 



Ager, agri, a field. 

Farming, hus- Agra'rian. Relating to fields. 
Peregrinate. To travel in for- 
Belonging to eign lands. 

Peregrina'tion. A wandering. 
A farmer. Per'egrine. Foreign. 



Angle. A corner. 
An'gular. Having corners. 
Rect'angle. A right angled, 

four-sided figure. 
Tri' angle. A plane figure with 

three sides. 



Angulus, a corner. 

Trian'gular. 

ners. 
Quadran'gle. 

figure, 
Ef^uian'gular. 



angles. 



Having three cor- 
A four - sided 
Having equal 



Animus, the mind. 
An'imal. n. A living creature. 
An'imal. a. Belonging to ani- 
mals. 
Animal'cule. A minute animal. 
An'imate. v. To make alive. 
An'imate. a. Alive. 
Inanimate. Lifeless. 
Animation. Liveliness. 



Anima, the soul. 
Unanim'ity. Agreement 

opinion. 
Unan'imous. 
Equanim'ity. 

mind. 
Magnanim'ity 

mind. 
Pusillanim'ity, 

Annus, a circle, a year. 

An'nual. Happening yearly. 

Annuity. A yearly income. 

Annuitant. One who receives 
an annuity. 

Anniver'sary. A stated day of 
the year, on which some 
memorable event is cele- 
brated. 

An'nals. Yearly records. 

An'nular. In the form of a ring. 



m 



of 



of 



Of one mind. 
Evenness 

Greatness 

Cowardice. 



Bien'nial. Lasting two years 
Trien'nial. Happening every 

three years 
Septen'niaL 

years. 
Peren'nial. Continuing many 

years. 
Millen'nium. A space of a 

thousand years. 



Continuing seven 



A'queous. Watery. 
Aqua'rius. The water-bearer. 
Aquat'ic. - Living in or on the 
water. 



Aqua, water. 

A'queduct. A channel for 

water. 
Terra'queous. Consisting of 

land and water. 



124 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



Arbiter, a judge or umpire. 



Ar' biter, arbitrator. A judge 
appointed by opposite parties 
to decide between them. 

Arbitrate. To decide. 



Arbitra'tion. Determination by 
an arbitrator. 

Arbitrary. Capricious, abso- 
lute. 



Arbor, a tree. 



Ar'bor. A bower of trees. 
Ar'borist. One who cultivates 
trees and shrubs. 



Ar'boret, ar'buscle. A little tree. 
Ar'boraiy, ar'borous. Belong- 
ing to trees. 

Arma, arms, weapons. 



Arms. Hostile weapons. 

Arm. v. To take arms. 

Disarm'. To deprive of weapons. 

Ar'my. A number of armed 
men. 

Ar'mistice. A cessation of hos- 
tilities. 

Ar'morer. He who makes arms. 



Ar'mor. Defensive weapons. 
Ar'mory. The place where 

arms are kept or made. 
Armament, arma'da. A naval 

warlike force. 
Armo'rial. Belonging to the 

escutcheon of a family. 
Unarmed'. Without arras. 



Ars, artis, art, skill. 



Art. Skill, cunning, a trade. 
Artific'ial. Made by art, not 

genuine. 
Ar'tifice. Stratagem. 
Art'ful. Cunning. 



Art'less. Unskilful, without 

fraud. 
Art'ist. A professor of an art. 
Artisan', artificer. A workman, 
* an operative. 



Artus, a joint or limb. 



Ar'ticle. n. A single thing; a part 

of speech. 
Ar'ticle. v. To bind by a written 

agreement. 



Artic'ulate. a. Distinct; branch- 
ed out into joints. 

Articula'tion. A juncture of 
bones; the knots in the stalk 
of a plant ; speech. 

Augur, auspex, a soothsayer. 



Au'gur. n. One who predicted 

by observing birds. 
Au'gur. v. To forebode. 
Inaugurate. To invest with an 

office by solemn rites, 

Bellum, war 
Bellig'erent. Waging war. Reb'el. n. One who revolts 
Rebel', v. To rise against estab 

lished authority. 



Au'gury. An omen or prediction. 
Aus'pice. An omen drawn from 

birds. 
Auspic'ious. Favorable, lucky. 
Inauspic'ious. Unfortunate. 



Rebel'lion. Insurrection. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



125 



Calx, edicts 
Calx. Any thing rendered re- 
ducible to powder by burning. 
Calcine'. To burn to a calx. 

Caput, capiti 
Cap'ital. Chief, principal. 
Capita' tion. Counting by heads. 
Cape. A headland. 
Cap'tain. A chief commander. 
Chap'ter. A division or head. 
Decap'itate. To behead. 
Occiput. The hinder part of 
the head. 



chalk, lime. 

Calca'reous. Chalky, partaking 

of calx. 
Cal'culous. Stony, gritty. 

s, the head. 

Precip'itate. v. To tumble head- 
long, to hurry. 

Precip'itate. a. Headstrong, 
hasty. 

Precip'itate. n. A sediment. 

Prec'ipice. A headlong steep. 

Recapit'ulate. To repeat the 
heads of a discourse. 



Car o f carnis, flesh. 



Car'nal. Fleshly, not spiritual. 
Car'nage. Slaughter. 
Carna'tion. A flesh color. 
Car'nival. In Roman Catholic 
countries, a feast before Lent. 



Incarna'tion. The taking of a 

body of flesh. - 
Car'rion. Corrupted flesh. 
Car'case. A dead body. 
Carniv'orous. Flesh-eating. 



Catena, a chain, a link. 
Catena' rian. Relating to a chain. | Concatena'tion. Series of links. 

Causa, a cause. 

Accuse'. To charge with a crime 



Cause. That which produces 

an effect. 
Causa' tion. The act of causing. 



Excuse', n. An apology. 
Excuse', v. To pardon. 



Cella, a cellar. 



Cel'lular. Full of little cells or 
cavities. 



Cel'lar. An underground store. 
Cell. A little, hollow place. 

Cinis, ashes. 

Cin'der. Coals remaining after I Cineri'tious. In the stateof ashes. 

combustion ; ashes. | Incinerate. To burn to ashes. 

Circus, a circle. 



Cir'cle. A round space, also 

the line enclosing it. 
Cir'clet. A little circle. 
Cir'cular. Round like a circle. 
Cir'culate. To move in a circle. 
Cir'cuit. Extent round about. 



Circu'itous. Round about, not 

direct. 
Cir'cus. A circular enclosure 

for sports. 
Encir'cle. To surround. 
Sem'icircle. Half a circle. 



L2 



126 



WORDS DERIVED FROM tATIN NOUNS. 



Civis, a citizen. 



Civ'ic. Relating to civil honors. 
Civ'il. Relating to the commu- 
nity; gentle, well bred. 
Cit'y. A corporate town. 



Civilization . Tfie state of a 

civilized people. 
Civ'ilize. To reclaim from a 

savage state. 



Civil 'ity. Gentleness, politeness. Unciv'il. Rude, clownish. 

Classis, a class, a fleet. 
Class. A rank of persons, a set. j Clas'sify. To arrange in classes. 
Clas'sic, clas'sical. Relating to Classification. Arrangement 
authors of the first rank. into classes. 

Cor, cordis, the heart. 
Cor'dial. a. Sincere, hearty. I Cordial'ity. Sincerity. 
Cor'dial. n. Any thing that glad- | Con'cord. Agreement, harmony 



dens the heart. 

Cornu, 
Corn. A horny substance grow- 
ing on the toes. 



Cor' net. A musical instrument. 

Corona, a crown, 
Crown. The head ornament Coroi'Ia 



Dis'cord. Disagreement, 
a horn. 

Cor'neous, cor'ny. Horny. 
Cornuco'pia. The hom of plenty. 
U'nicorn. A one-horned beast. 



worn by kings and emperors. 
Corona'tion. The solemnity of 
crowning a king. 



The inner covering 
of a flower. 
Coronet. An inferior crown 
worn by the nobility. 



Corpus, corporis, a body. 



Cor'poral. a. Relating to the 

body. 
Cor'poral. n. The lowest officer 

over a body of soldiers. 
Cor'porate. United into a body 

or community. 
Corpora'tion. A body politic. 
Incorporate. To embody. 

Crimen, 
Crime. An offence, a great fault. 
Crim'inal. Guilty of a crime. 
Crimina'tion. An accusing. 



Corpo'real. Having a body, not 

immaterial. 
Cor'pulent. Having a bulky 

body. 
Corpse. A dead body. 
Corps, (pronounced core.) A 

body of soldiers. 
Cor'puscle. A minute body, 
a crime. 
Recrimination. Return of one 

accusation with another. 
Recrim'inate.To retort a charge. 



Crusta, a crust or shell. 



Crust. An external coat or shell. 
Crus'ty. Covered with crust. 
Crusta'ceous. With jointed 
shells. 



Incrust'. To cover with a 
crust. 

Incrusta'tion. An adherent cov- 
ering. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



127 



Crux, crusis, a cross. 



Gross, w. One straight body laid 
across another; misfortune. 

Cross, a. Falling athwart, peev- 
ish. 

Cru'cify. To put to death by 
nailing to a cross. 

Crucifix'ion. Death on a cross. 



Cru'cifix. A representation, in 
sculpture or painting, of our 
Saviour's death upon the 
cross. 

Excru'ciate. To torture, to tor- 
ment. 

Excru'ciable. Liable to torment. 



Culpa, a fault. 



Cul'pable. Faulty, blamable. 
Cul'prit. An accused person. 
Culpability. Blamableness. 



Excul'pate. To clear from im- 
putation of a fault. 
Incul'pate. To blame. 



Cura, care, business. 



Cure. Remedy. 

Cu'rable. Admitting of a re- 
medy. 

Cu'rate. A clergyman hired to 
do the duties of another. 

Cu'racy. A curate's employ. 

Cu'rious. Inquisitive ; elegant. 

Incu'rious. Inattentive. 



Inquisitiveness.; a 
Exact ; done with 



Curios'ity. 

rarity. 
Accurate. 

care. 
Ac'curacy. Exactness, nicety. 
Procure'. To obtain. 
Secu'rity. Safety. 
Insecurity. Danger. 



Dens, a tooth. 



Den'tist. A tooth-doctor. 
Dentifrice, Tooth-powder. 
Denti'tion. Cutting the teeth. 
Dentic'ulated. With small teeth. 



Indent'. To make inequalities 

like teeth. 
Tri'dent. Neptune's sceptre with 

three prongs. 



Deus, God. Divus, a god. 



De'ity. The nature and essence 

of God. 
De'ist. One who believes in 

God, but denies Revelation. 
Divina'tion. Foretelling. 



Divine', a. Of the nature of God. 
Divine', n. A theologian. 
Divine', v. To guess. 
Divin'ity. The nature of God ; 
theology. 



Dies, a day. 



Di'ary. A daily account. 

Diur'nal. Daily. 

Quotid'ian. Happening daily. 

Di'al. An instrument for mea- 
suring time by the aid of the 
sun. 



Di'aling. The art of making 

sun-dials. 
Di'allist. A maker of dials. 
Merid'ian. Noon, mid-day ; the 

highest point. 
Meridional. Southern. 



128 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



Digitus, a finger, an inch. 



Di'git. 



V numerical figure ; the 
twelfth part of the diameter 
of the sun or moon. 
Digita'ted. Having divisions 
like fingers. 



Digita'lis. The herb fox-glove. 
Di'gital. Pertaining to a digit 

or finger. 
In' digitate. To point out by the 

finger. 



Dominus, a master or lord. 



Domin'iom Supreme authority. 
Domina'tion. Power, tyranny. 
Domin'ical. That which notes 
the Lord's day. 

Domus, a house, a home. 



Domineer'. To rule with inso- 
lence. 

Predominate, 
abound. 



To prevail; to 



Dome. A house ; a cupola. 
Domes'tic. Belonging to the 
house ; private. [tic. 

Domes'ticate. To make domes- 



Dom'icile. A habitation. 
Domicil'iary. Intruding into a 

private abode. 
Domain'. Estate, dominion. 



Exemplum, an example. 



Exam' pie 
stance. - 

Exem'plar. 
imitated. 

Ex'emplary 



Model, pattern ; 
A pattern 



in- 



to be 
[tion. 
Worthy of imita- 

Fabula, a fable 



To illustrate by 



Exem'plify. 
example. 

Sam'ple. A specimen. 

Sam 'pier. A pattern of needle- 
work. 



Fa'ble. A feigned story. 
Fab'ulist. A writer of fables. 
Fab'ulous. Feigned, not true 

Fades, a face 



Confab'ulate. To talk, to chat. 
Confabula'tion. Familiar con- 
versation. 



Face. The countenance, visage; 

appearance. 
Deface'. To disfigure. 



Efface'. To wipe out. 
Sur'face, superfic'ies. Outside. 
Superficial. Lying on the top. 



Fmx, ftBcis, dregs or lees ; scum. 



Fe'ces. Dregs, sediment. 
Feculence. Muddiness, con- 
taining sediment. 

Fama, 
Fame. Celebrity, renown. 
Fa'mous. Renowned. 
Defame'. To censure falsely. 
Defama'tion. Calumny. 



Defecate. To purify from ex- 
traneous mixture. 
Defeca'tion. Purification. 

a report. 
In'famous. Having a reputation 

of the worst kind. 
In'famously. Shamefully. 
In'famy. Public reproach. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



129 



Familia, a family. 
Fam'ily. The persons living in j Familiarity. Omission of cere- 

the house; a generation, class, j mony ; acquaintance. 
Famil'iar.Easy in conversation, ! Famil'iarize. To make easy by 

affable; well known. j habit. 

Fanum, a temple. 



Fane. A temple. 

Fanat'ic. Excessively enthusi 

astic. 
Fanat'icism. Excessive enthu 

siasm. 



Profane', v. To pollute, to violate. 
Profane', a. Irreverent to sacred 

things ; secular. 
Profana'tion. A violation of 
I sacred things. 

Febris, a fever. 
Fe'ver. A bodily disease. I Feb'rifuge. Any medicine good 
Fe'verish. Afflicted with fever. in a fever. 
Feb'rile. Pertaining to fever. Antifeb'rile. Good against fevers. 

Ferrum, iron. 



Far'rier. A shoer of horses ; a 
horse doctor. 

Far'riery. The science of med- 
icine for horses. 

Fer'reous. Consisting of iron. 

Finis, end or limit. 
Fin'ish. To complete, to end. I Definitive. Final 
Fi'nite. Limited, bounded. 
Fi'niteness. Limitation. 
In'finite. Unlimited, immense. 
Infin'ity,infin'itude. Immensity 
Infin'itive. A mood in grammar 
Define'. To limit ; to explain. 
Definite. Certain, limited. 

Fiscus, a money-bag, the exchequer. 



Ferru'ginous. Partaking of the 

quality of iron. 
Fer'rule. An iron ring put at 

the end of a stick. 



conclusive. 

Defini'tion. A short description. 

Confine', v. To limit, to restrain. 

Con'fines. n. Common bound- 
ary. 

Affin'ity. Relation by marriage; 
attraction. 

Indefinite. Not determined. 



Fis'cal. Public revenue. 
Confisca'tion. Transfer of for- 
feited goods to public use. 

Flamma 
Flame. A stream of fire. 
Flam 'beau. A lighted torch. 
Inflame'. To kindle; to irritate. 
Inflam'mable. Easily set on 
fire. 



Confis'cate. To transfer private 
property to the public, by 
way of penalty. 

a flame. 

Inflammation. The act of set- 
ting on fire ; diseased heat 
of the body. 

Inflam'matory. Having the 
power of inflaming. 



130 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



Flos, jloris, a flower. 

Flo'ra. The goddess of flowers. 
Flo' ret. A little flower. 
Flo'rist. A cultivator of flowers. 
Flor'id. Bright in color, flushed. 
Florif'erous. Producing flowers. 
Flower, v. To blossom. 



Flower, n. A blossom, the part 
of the plant which contains 
the seeds. 

Flour'ish. To be in vigor. 

Inflores'cence. Mode of flower- 
ing in plants. 



Fcsdus, foederis, a league or treaty. 



Fed'eral. Relating to a league. 
Confederate. An ally. 



Confederacy, confedera'tion. A 
league, an alliance. 



F&mina, a woman. 



Female. A she, not masculine. 
Fem'inine. Proper to a female, 
soft, delicate. 



Effem'inate. Womanish. 
Effem'inacy. Unmanly deli- 
cacy ; softness, weakness. 



Folium, a leaf. 



Fo'liage. Leaves of trees. 
Folia'ceous. Consisting of 

leaves. 
Tre'foil. Three-leaved clover. 
Cinque'foil. Five-leaved clover. 
Foil. Leaf-metal. 



Foliate. To beat into leaves. 
Fo'lio. A large book, in which 

the sheets of paper are only 

once folded. 
Portfolio. Case for loose leaves. 
Info'liate. To cover with leaves. 



Forma, form, beauty. 



Form. n. Shape; ceremony. 

Form. v. To make, to contrive. 

For'mai. Ceremonious, solemn. 

Formality. Ceremony. 

Forma'tion. The act of forming; 
shape. 

For'mula. A prescribed form. 

Conform'. To make like; to 
comply with. 

Confor'mity. Similitude. 

Conforma'tion. Structure. 

Deform'. To disfigure. 

Deformity. Any unnatural 
state of the shape or form. 

Inform'. To instruct, to ac- 
quaint. 

Infor'mant, informer. One who 
gives intelligence. 



Informa'tion. Intelligence. 

Infor'mal. Irregular. 

Informality. A want of cus- 
tomary or prescribed form. 

Mul'tiform. Of various shapes. 

Perform'. To do or act, to exe- 
cute, to achieve. 

Perfor'mance. Action, work. 

Reform', v. To change from 
bad to good. 

Reform'. n. reforma'tion. 
Change from worse to better. 

Transform', 
form of. 

Transforma'tion. Change of 
form. 

Unifor'mity. Agreement in 
form. 



To change the 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. . 131 


Fors, fortis, chance. 


For'tune. The good or ill that 

befalls man; estate; riches. 
For'tunate. Successful, happy. 


Unfor'tunate. Unsuccessful. 
Misfor'tune. Calamity. 
Fortu'itous. Accidental. 


Frater i a brother. 


Frater'nal. Brotherly. 1 Frat'ricide. The murder, or 
Frater'nity. Brotherhood. murderer of a brother. 


Fraus, deceit. 


Fraud. Deceit, cheat. 
Frau'dulent. Deceitful. 


Defraud'. To cheat, to impose 
upon. 


Frigu* 
Frig'id. Cold ; without warmth 

of affection. 
Frigidity. Coldness. 
Frigorific. Causing cold. 


?, cold. 

Refrig'erate. To cool. 
Refrigera'tor. A cooler. 
Refrigera'tion. Act of cooling. 
Infrig'erate. To chill. 


Frons, the forehead. 


Front. The face, the fore part. 

Front'let. A bandage worn upon 
the forehead. 

Front' ispiece. A picture oppo- 
site the title of a book. 


Fron'tiers. The limits of a ter- 
ritory, borders. 
Affront'. Insult, outrage. 
Confront'. To meet face to face. 
Effron'tery. Impudence. 


Fumus, smoke. 


Fume. Smoke, vapor. 
Fu'migate. To smoke. 
Fumiga'tion. The act of smok- 
ing, or applying smoke. 


Fumid'ity. Smokiness. 
Per'fume. n. Scent, fragrance. 
Perfume', v. To scent, to im- 
pregnate with odors. 


Fundus, a field, a foundation. 


Found. To establish, to raise. 
Found'ation. Establishment ; 

basis of an edifice. 
Profound'. Deep ; thorough. 


Fundamen'tal. Serving for the 

foundation. 
Confound'. To mingle things, 

to perplex. 


Gelu, frost, ice. 


Gel'id. Extremely cold. 
Gelat'inous, gel'atine. Formed 
into a jelly. 


Congeal'. To turn by cold from 

a fluid to a solid, to freeze. 
Congela'tion. A freezing. 


Globus, a bowl, a ball. 


Globe. A round body, a ball, 
a sphere. 

Glob'ule. A minute round par- 
ticle of matter. 


Glob'ular, glo'bous, globose'. 

Round, spherical. 
Conglo'bate. To form into a 

ball. 



132 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



Granum, a grain of corn. 



Grain. A seed of corn; a mi- 
nute particle. 

Gran'ary. A storehouse for 
grain. 



Gran'ulate. To break into small 

grains. 
Granite. 



A hard granulated 



stone. 



Grex, gregis, a flock. 



Grega'rious. Going in flocks or 

herds. 
Gre'gal. Belonging to a flock. 
Con'gregate. To assemble. 



Congregation. An assembly. 

Ag'gregate. The result of the 
conjunction of many particu- 
lars. 



Hares, liaredis, an heir, or heiress. 
Inher'it. To possess by descent. Hered'itary. Descending from 



Heir. One who inherits. 
Inheritance. Patrimony, pos- 
session by descent. 



father to son. 
Disinherit. To cut off from 
succession. 



Homo, a man or woman 
Hu 'man. Belonging to mankind . 
Humane'. Kind, benevolent. 
Inhu'man. Barbarous, cruel. 



Human 'ity. The nature of man; 

kindness. 
Hu'manize. To civilize. 



Hon'or. Dignity; respect. 
Hon'orary. Made in honor; con- 
ferring honor without gain. 
Hon'orable. Honest, noble. 



Honor, honor. 

Dishon'or. Reproach, disgrace. 
Hon'est. Just, upright. 
Hon'esty. Justice, equity. 
Dishonest. Unjust, iniquitous. 

Hospes, a host or guest. 
Hos'pitable. Kind to visitors. '• Host. The master of a feast ; 
Hospitality. Entertainment to i the landlord of an inn. 

strangers and friends. | Hotel'. A genteel inn. 

Hos'pital. A building for the I Hos'tler. He who takes care of 



sick or infirm. 

Hostis, 
Host. An army ; a multitude. 
Hos'tile. Adverse, opposite. 



horses at an inn. 

an enemy. 

! Hostil'ity. The practices of an 
enemy ; opposition. 



Humus, the ground. 



Inhume'. To bury, to inter. 
Exhume'. To disinter. 
Post'humous. Published after 
the author's death. 



1 Humid. Moist, damp. 
Hum'ble. Modest, submissive. 
Humil'ity. Freedom from pride. 
Humilia'tion. Act of humbling. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



133 



Ignis, fire. 



Ig'nis-fat'uus. A luminous va- 
por arising from marshes, 
called will- with-a- wisp. 



Ignite'. To set on fire. 
Igni'tion. The act of kindling. 
Ig'neous. Fiery. 



Imago, an image or picture. 



sta- 



Im'age. A representation, 

tue, picture. 
Imag'ine. To fancy, to contrive. 



Imagina'tion. Fancy, idea, 

scheme. 
Imaginary. Fancied, visionary. 



Index, a pointer. 



In'dex. A pointer, table of 

contents. 
In' dices. Algebraical signs. 

Insula, an island. 



In'dicate. To show, to point out. 
Indica'tion. Mark, token, sign. 
Indicative. Showing, affirming. 



In'sular. Belonging to an island. 
In'sulated. Standing by itself. 



Penin'sula. Land nearly sur- 
rounded by water. 



Iter, itineris, a journey. 



Reit'erate. 
and again. 



To repeat again 



Itin'erant.Wandering,unsettled. 
Itin'erary. A book of travels. 

Jocus, a joke. 
Joke. A jest, a merry trick. | Joc'und. Gay, airy, lively. 
Jocose', joc'ular. Merry. | Jocular'ity. Merriment. 

Jus, juris, right ; Judex, a judge. 



Just. Honest, equitable, up- 
right. 

Unjust'. Iniquitous, dishonest. 

Jus'tice. Right, equity ; a ma- 
gistrate. 

Injustice. Wrong, iniquity. 

Jus'tify. To clear from guilt. 

In'jure. To hurt. 

In'jury. Detriment, mischief. 

Inju'rious. Hurtful. 

Judge. He who presides in a 
court of justice. 

Judg'ment. Decision, opinion. 

Ju'dicature. Power that distrib- 
utes justice. 

Judic'ious. Prudent, wise. 



Judic'ial. Relating to public 
justice. 

Jurisdic'tion. Legal authority ; 
extent of power. 

Jurisprudence. The science of 
law. 

Ju'ry. A set of men sworn to 
give a true verdict. 

Ju'ror. One who serves on a 
jury. 

Adju'dicate. To adjudge. 

Prej'udice. Judgment before- 
hand ; hurt, damage. 

Prejudic'ial. Detrimental, caus- 
ing mischief. 

Prejudge'. To determine before. 



M 



134 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



La'bor. Work, toil. , 
Labo'rious. Diligent in work : 
tiresome. 



Labor, labor. 

Laboratory. A chemist's work- 
room. 

Elab'orate. Finished with care. 
Lex, legis, a law. 

Legislature. A body of men 
invested with power to make 
and repeal laws. 

Alle'giance. Loyalty. 



Le'gal. Lawful. 
Le'galize. To make lawful. 
Legit'imate. Just,- right. 
Legislate. To enact laws. 

Liber, a book. 
Li'brary. A collection of books. [Libra 'rian. He who has the 
Li'bel. A defamatory writing. | care of books. 

Libra, a pound, a balance. 



Li'brate. To balance, to poise. 
Li'bratory. Balancing. 



Equilibra'tion. Balance. 
Equilib'rium. Equality of force. 



Lingua, the tongue, a language. 



Lan'guage. 

style. 



Human speech, 



One skilled in lan- 



Lin'guist 
guages. 
Linum, flax. 
Lin'en. Cloth made of flax or Lin'sey-wool'sey. Made of linen 

hemp. and wool. 

Lin'seed. The seed of flax. Lint. Scraped linen. 

Litera, a letter. 



Lit'erature. Learning. 
Lit'erary. Relating to learning. 
Lit'eral. Exact to the letter. 
Litera'ti. The learned, 
Ulit'erate. Unlearned. 
Oblit'erate. To rub out. 

Locus, 
Lo'cal. Relating to place. 
Local'ity. Situation, place. 
Lo'cate, col'locate. To place. 
Locomo'tion. Power of chang- 
ing place. 



Let'ter. One of the elements of 

words ; an epistle. 
Let'ter-press. Print from types. 
Allitera'tion. Beginning several 

words in succession with the 

same letter* 

a place. 
Allocation. Putting one thing 

to another. 
Colloca'tion, loca'tion. Act of 

placing. 
Dis' locate. To put out of joint. 



Luna, the moon. 



Lu'nar. Relating to the moon. 
Luna'tion. A revolution of the 

moon, a month. 
Lu'nated. Like a half- moon. 



Lunacy. A sort of madness. 
Lu'natic. Mad. 
Sub'lunary. Beneath the moon, 
earthly. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



135 



Lux, lucis, light. 



Lu'cid, lu'cent, lu'minous. 
Bright, shining. 

Lu'cifer. The morning star. 

Lucif erous. Giving light. 

Lucubra'tion. Study by candle- 
light, [light. 

Lu'minary. Anything that gives 
Manus, 

Man'ual. Performed by hand. 

Manufactory. A working place. 

Manufac'ture. Any thing made 
by art. 

Manumis'sion. Giving liberty 
to slaves. 

Mare, 

Marine', a. Belonging to the sea. 

Marine', n. Sea affairs ; a navy. 

Mar'iner. A seaman. 

Mar'itime. Bordering on the sea. 
Mater, 

Mater'nal. Motherly. 

Mat'rimony. The nuptial state. 
Merx, mercis 

Com'merce. Traffic, exchange. 

Commer'cial. Relating to trade. 

Merchandise. Things bought 
and sold. 



Elucidate. To explain, to clear. 
Illu'minate. To enlighten. 
Illumina'tion. Lighting up for 

j°y- . 

Pellu'cid, translu'cent. Clear, 
transparent. 

Dilu'cid. Clear, evident. 

a hand. 

Man'uscript. A written book. 

Man'acles. Shackles, handcuffs. 

Manipulation. Manual opera- 
tion. 

Amanuen'sis. A secretary. 

Eman'cipate. To set at liberty, 
the sea. 

Rose'mary. A plant; sea-rose. 

Submarine'. Under the sea. 

Transmarine'. Across the sea. 

Ultramarine'. Beyond the sea. 
a mother. 

Ma'tron. A married woman ; 
an elderly lady. 

merchandise. 

Mer'chant. A trader by whole- 
sale. 

Mercantile. Trading. 

Mer'cenary. Serving for pay. 



Miles, militis, a soldier. 



Mili'tia. The standing army. 
Mil'itary. Warlike. - 



Mil'itant. Fighting, contending. 
Mil'itate. To act against. 



Minister, a servant. 



Min'ister. 

or state : 
Min'istry. 



An office:* of church 
a delegate. 
Office, service ; the 
government. 
Min'istrant. Attendant. 

Modus, 
Mode, mood. Form, manner. 
Mo'dal. Relating to form. 
Mod'el. A copy to be imitated. 
Mod'ify. To shape. 



Admin'ister. To supply, to per- 
form an office. 

Administra'tor. One who takes 
charge of the property of a 
person dying without a will. 
a manner. 

Mod'ulate. To form sounds to 
a certain key. 

Mod'erate. Temperate. 

Mod'est. Decent, becoming. 



136 WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 


Mons, a mountain. 


Mount. A hill. 
Moun'tain. A large hill. 
Mound. A raised defence* 
Amount'. The sum total. 


Dismount'. To get off a horse. 
Par' amount. Superior, chief. 
Surmount'. To rise above. 
Tantamount. Equivalent. 


Mors, mortis, death. 


Mor'tal. Subject to death ; 
deadly. 

Mortal 'ity. Death ; human na- 
ture. 

Immor'tal. Exempt from death. 


Immor'talize. To make im- 
mortal. 
Mor'tify. To subdue, to humble* 
Mortifica'tion. Gangrene, vex- 
ation. 


Munus, muneris, a gift, an office. 


Munic'ipal. Of a corporation. 

Munificence. Liberality. 

Commune'. To converse toge- 
ther. 

Commu'nicate. To impart. 

Commu'nicative. Liberal in 
imparting knowledge. 

Community. Society; the public. 


Commu'nion. Fellowship, in- 
tercourse. 

Com'mon. Public, general. 

Excommu'nicate. To cut off 
from church membership. 

Immu'nity. Exemption from 
duty. 

Remuneration. Recompense. 


Musa, a song. 


Muse* rc. A heathen deity, pre- 
siding over poetry, &c. 
Muse. v. To ponder. 


Amuse'. To divert. 

Mu'sic. The science of harmony* 

Musi'cian. One skilled in music. 


Navis, 
Na'vy. An assemblage of ships. 
Na'val. Relating to ships. 
Naviga'tion.Travelling by ships. 


a ship. 

Nav'igable. Passable by ships. 
Circumnavigation. A sailing 
round. 


- Nbx, noctis, night. 


Noctur'nal. Nightly. 1 Noctiv'agant. Wandering in 
Equinoc'tial. The equator. | the night* 


Numerus, a number. 


Num'ber. Multitude ; more 
than one. 

Numeration. The art of num- 
bering. 

Enu'merate. To reckon up 
singly. 


Nu'merous. Containing many. 
Innumerable. Too many to be 

counted. 
Supernumerary. Above the 

usual number* 
Annu'merate. To add to. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



137 



Oculus, the eye. 



Oc'ular. Known by the eye. 
Oc'ulist. An eye-doctor. 
Binoc'ular. Having two eyes. 



Inoc'ulate. To transfer an eye 
or bud of a tree to another 
stock ; to infect with disease. 



On'erous. 


Burdensome, op- 


pressive. 






Opus, oper 


Op'erate. 


To act, to produce 


effects. 




Coop'erate. 


To labor jointly 


with others. 


Op'erative. 


Active. 



Onus, oneris, a burden. 

Exon'erate. To free from a 
charge or imputation. 

s, a work. 

Opera'tion. Action, effect. 

Opera'tor. One who performs 

an operation. 
Operose'. Laborious. 
Op'era. A musical piece. 

Os, ossis, a bone. 



Os'sify. To change into bone. 
Ossiv'orous. Eating bones. 
Os'seous. Resembling a bone. 



Os'sicle. A small bone. 
Osteol'ogy. A description of the 
bones. 



Pars, partis, a part or share. 



Part, portion. Share ; duty. 
Par'ticle. A little part. 
Particular. Individual, peculiar. 
Partake', participate. To have 

part or share in. 
Parti'tion. Division, separation. 
Par'ty. A set of persons engaged 

in one design. 
Par'tisan. An adherent to a 

faction. 
Part'ner. A sharer. 

Pater, patris, a father. 
Pater'nal. Fatherly; hereditary. 
Pat'rimony. An inherited estate. 
Pa'triot. A lover of his country. 
Pa'triotism. Love of one's 

country. 
Pa'tron. A protector, a guardian. 
Pat'ronise.To support, to defend. 



Peace. 
Pacific 



Par'tial. Biassed to one party ; 
not general. 

Proportion. Relation, sym- 
metry. 

Impart'. To communicate, to 
give. 

Impartial. Equitable, indiffer- 
ent. 

Impartiality. Justice, equita- 
bleness. 

Bip'artite. Having two parts. 

Patria, one's country. 

Patri'cian. A Roman nobleman. 
Compa'triot. One of the same 

country. 
Expa'triate. To banish from 

one's country. 
Ju'piter. The father and king 

of the heathen gods. 

Pax, pads, peace. 
Quiet, rest. I Pac'ify, appease'. To quiet. 

Peacemaking, gentle. | Pacifica'tion. An appeasing. 
_ 



138 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



Pes, pedis, a foot. 



Ped'estal. The foot of a pillar. 
Pedes'trian. Going on foot. 
Bi'ped. A two-footed animal. 
Quad'ruped. A four - footed 

animal. 
Ex'pedite. To hasten. 



Expe'dient. Fit, proper. 
Expedition. Haste, speed. 
Impede'. To hinder, to obstruct. 
Impediment. Hindrance. 
Mil'leped. An insect having 
many feet. 



Flanta, a plant. 



Plant. A vegetable production. 
Planta'tion. A place planted. 
Plan 'tain. An herb. 



Implant'. To infix, to insert. 
Supplant'. To displace, to eject. 
Transplant'. To remove. 



Plumbum, lead. 
Plumb, plum'met. A leaden ! Plumb'er. One who works lead, 
weight at the end of a line. | Plumba'go. Black lead. 



Poena, pain, punishment. 



Pain. Uneasiness; punishment. 
Pains. Labor, trouble, work. 
Pen'alty.Punishment, forfeiture. 
Pe'nal.Denouncing punishment. 
Pen'ance. Infliction suffered. 
Peniten'tiary. A house of cor- 
rection. 



Sor- 



Pen'itence, repent'ance. 
row for past sins. . 

Pun'ish. To chastise, to inflict 
a penalty. 

Impu'nity. Freedom from pun- 
ishment. 

Repent'. To be sorry for past sin. 



Pondus, ponderis, a weight. 



Pound. A weight. 
Pon'derous. Heavy, weighty. 
Ponder. To weigh mentally * 



Prepon'derate. To outweigh. 
Impon'derous, impon'derable. 
Void of perceptible weight. 



Populus, the people, a nation. 



Peo'ple. Persons, a nation. 
Popula'tion. The number of 

people in a place. 
Pop'ulace. The common people. 
Pop'ular. Suitable to people in 

general. 
Pop'ulous. Full of people. 

Poi'ta, 
Postal. A gate, an entrance. 
Por'tieo,. porch. A covered 
walk, an entrance. 



Depopulate. To dispeople, to 

lay waste. 
Pub' lie. General, national. 
Pub'iish. To put forth to the 

world, to make known. 
Publication. A publishing ; a 
.Book. 

a gate. 

Por'ter. A door-keeper. 
Porfhole. A gun-hole in a 
ship's side. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



139 



Prceda, prey, booty. 
Plunder, ravage, booty. I Pre'dal. Practising plunder. 

Depreda'tion. A robbing, a 

spoiling. 
Dep'redator. A robber, 
price, reward. 

Appreciate. To estimate justly 
Depre'ciate. To undervalue. 



Prey 

Pred'atory. Plundering, raven- 
ous. 
Preda'ceous. Living by prey 

Pretium 
Price. Value, rate, reward. 
Pre'cious. Valuable, costly 



Pugna'cious. Quarrelsome, 

righting. 
Pu'gilist. A fighter with fists. 



Pugnus, the fist. 



Impugn'. To attack, to assault. 
Repug'nance. Reluctance, un- 
willingness. 



Quies, rest, ease. 



Qui'et, qui'etude. Repose, tran- 
quillity. 
Quies'cent. At rest. 



Inqui'etude. Disturbed state. 
Disqui'etude. Uneasiness. 
Acquiesce'. To remain satisfied. 



Radius, a ray, a spoke. 



Ra'dius. The semi-diameter of 

a circle. 
Ray. A beam of light. 
Erad'iate. To emit rays. 

Radix. 
Rad'icle. The part of a seed 

that becomes the root. 
Rad'ical.Fundamental, original. 
Rota, a 
Ro'tary, ro'tatory. Turning as 

a wheel on its axis. 
Rota'tion. A turn of a wheel. 
Rotund'. Round, spherical. 



Ra'diant. Emitting rays, shin- 
ing. < 

Radia'tion. Emission of rays. 

Irra'diate. To illuminate. 

a root. 

Rad'ish. An eatable root. 

Eradicate. To root out, to 
destroy. 

wheel. 

Rotun'da. A round building. 

Rote. Frequent repetition of 
words, without attention to 
the sense. 



Rus, ruris, the country. 
Ru'ral. Belonging to the coun- 1 Rustic'ity. Manners of country 



try. 
Rus'tic 



Rude, 



simple. 
Salus, salutis. 
Sal'utary. Healthful, advan- 
tageous. 
Salute'. To greet, to hail. 
Salu'brious. Promoting health. 
Sal'vage. Recompense allowed 
by law for saving goods from 
a wreck. 



people. [country 

Rus'ticate. To reside in the 
health, safety. 

Salve. An ointment for wounds. 
Sal'vo. An exception, an excuse. 
Safe. Free from danger. 
Salva'tion. Preservation from 

eternal death. 
Sa'viour. The Redeemer ; he 

who saves. 



140 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 



Semen, seminis, seed. 
Sem'inal* Belonging to seed, I Semma'tion 5 insemina'tion. A 
Sem'inary. A seed bed; a school. sowing of seed. 
Insem'inate. To sow. | Dissem'inate, To scatter as seed. 

Signum, a sign, a seal 



Sign, n, A token, a mark, 

Sign. v. To write one's name to 
any thing. 

Sig'nalize.To make remarkable. 

Sig'nify. To express, to mean. 

Insignificant. Wanting mean- 
ing. 

Assigna'tion. Appointment. 



Assign'. To mark out, to ap- 
point. 
Consign'. To make over. 
Design'. To purpose, to plan. 
Des'ignate. To point out. 
En'sign. A flag; he that carries 

it. 
Resign'. To yield, to give up. 



Soci'ety. Union of many in one 
interest; company, commu- 
nity. 

So'cial. Relating to the general 
interest. 



Socius, a companion. 



Sound. A noise. 
Sono'rous. High-sounding. 
Con' sonant, n. A letter which is 
usually sounded with a vowel. 
Con'sonant. a. Consistent. 

Stilla, 
Instil'. To pour in gradually. 
Distil'. To fall by drops ; to 
extract by heat. 



So'ciable. Friendly, familiar. 

Asso'ciate, conso'ciate.To unite. 

Association, consocia'tion. 
Union, alliance. 

Disso'ciate. To disjoin. 
Sonus, a sound. 

Dis'sonance. Discord; mixture 
of harsh sounds. 

Resound'. To send back sound, 
to echo. 

U'nison. Coincidence of sounds. 

a drop. 

Distilla'tion. The act of distil- 
ling by fire. 

Still. A vessel for distillation. 



Time. Measure of duration. 
Tem'poral. Relating to time, 

not eternal. 
Tem'porary. Lasting only a 

time. 
Contemporary. Living at the 

same time. 
Extempora'neous, extem'pore. 

Without premeditation. 



Tempus, temporis, time. 



Tem'per. v. To moderate; to 
soothe. 

Tem'per. n. Disposition; mode- 
ration. 

Tem'pest. Tumult, commotion. 

Tem'porize. To comply with 
the times ; to hesitate. 

Attem'per. To regulate, to mix. 

Intem'perance. Excess. 



Terminus, a bound, or limit. 



Ter'minate. To put an end to. 
Exter'minate. To root out; to 
destroy. 



Inter'minous. Without end. 
Deter'mine. To fix, to settle. 
Conter'minous. Bordering upon. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN NOUNS. 141 


Terra, the earth. 


Terrene', terres'trial. Earthly. 

Terra' queous. Composed of 
land and water. 

Ter'race. A mound of earth. 

Ter'rier. A dog that hunts un- 
der ground. 


Ter'ritory. Country, district. 
Inter'. To put into the ground, 

to bury. 
Mediterranean. Inclosed, or 

nearly inclosed, by land. 
Subterra'neous. Under ground. 


Testis, a witness. 


Test. Trial, examination. 
Tes'tify. To witness, to prove. 
Tes'timony. Evidence. 
Tes'tament. A last, will. 


Attest'. To bear witness to. 
Detest'. To abhor, to hate. 
Intes'tate. Without a will. 
Obtest'. To beseech. 


Turba, a crowd, a bustle. 


Tur'bid. Thick, muddy. 
Tur'bulent. Tumultuous. 
Disturb'. To disquiet. 


Disturbance. Confusion. 
Perturba'tion. Restlessness, 
disorder. 


Verbum, a word. 


Verb. A part of speech which 
signifies action, being, or pas- 
sion. 

Verbose'. Full of words. 

Verbos'ity, ver'biage. Empty 
discourse. 


Ver'bal. Spoken, oral. 
Verba'tim. Word for word. 
Ad'verb. A word qualifying a 

verb or an adjective. 
Prov'erb. A short sentence often 

quoted. 


Via, 
De'vious. Wandering. 
Per'vious. Passable. 
Imper'vious. Impassable. 


a way. 

Ob'vious. EvidenJ ; plain. 
Pre'vious. Going before. 
Triv'ial. Common, trifling. 


Vinum, wine. 


Vine. The plant that bears the 

grape. 
Wine. The fermented juice of 

the grape, &c. 
Vin'egar. Sour wine. 


Vine' yard. A plantation of vines. 
Vi'nous. Having the quality of 

wine. 
Vint'age. The grape harvest. 
Vint'ner. He who sells wine. 


Vir, a man. 


Vi'rile. Belonging to man. 
Viril'ity. Manhood. 
Vir'tue. Goodness ; power. 


Vira'go. A masculine woman. 
Trium'virate. A coalition of 
three men. 


Unda, a wave. 


Un'dulate. To move as waves. 
Inun'date. To overflow. 


Abound'. To be plentiful. 
Redun'dant. Superfluous. 



142 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 



WORDS 

DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 
Acer, acris, sharp; acutus, sharpened. 



Ac'rid. Of a hot, biting taste. 
Ac'rimony. Sharpness. 
Acrimo'nious. Sharp. 
Ac' id. Sour, tart. 
Sub-acid. Somewhat sour. 



Acid'ity. Sourness. 
Acid'ulate. To flavor with acid. 
Acute'. Sharp, pointed. 
Acu'men. Quickness of intel- 
lect. 



Em'ulous. 
Em'ulate. 



JEmulus, vying with. 
Vying with. | Emulation. Desire of excel- 



To strive to excel. 



lence. 



Mauus, equal, even. 



E'qual. Like another, uniform. 
Equal'ity. Exact similarity. 
E'qualize. To make even. 
Inequality. Difference. 
E'quable. Uniform ; even. 
Equabil'ity. Uniformity. 
Ad'equate. Equal to, sufficient. 
Inadequate. Not equal to the 

purpose. 
E'quity. Justice. 
Jni'quity. Injustice. 



Equa'tion. (In algebra), an ex- 
pression of equality between 
two quantities or terms. 

Equa'tor. A great circle sur- 
rounding the globe, and every 
where equally distant from 
the poles. 

Equinoc'tial. Another name for 
the equator. 

13'quinox. The time when the 
day and night are equal. 



Ampins, large. 



Am'ple. Large, liberal. 
Am'pleness. Largeness. 
Am'plify. To enlarge. 



Amplification. Enlargement, 

extension. 
Am'plitude. Greatness, extent. 



Asper, rough. 

As'perate. To make rough. I Exas'perate. To enrage. 
Asper'ity. Roughness. I Exaspera'tion. Irritation. 



Barbaras, 

Bar'barous. Cruel, brutish. 
Barba'rian. An uncivilized man. 
Bar'barize. To make barbarous. 



rude, savage, 

Bar'barism 
guage ; 



Impurity of lan- 
a rude state. 
Barbar'ic. Foreign, uncivilized. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 



143 



Bonus, good 
Boun'ty. Generosity. 
Boun'teous, boun'tiful. Liberal, 

generous. 
Benign'. Kind, favorable. 
Benig'nity. Graciousness. 
Beneficent. Kind, doing good. 
Beneficence. Active goodness. 
Ben'efit. Advantage. 
Benefic'ial. Advantageous. 



; bend, well. 

Ben'efice. A church living. 

Benefac'tion. A benefit con- 
ferred. 

Benefac'tor. He who confers a 
benefit. 

Benedic'tion. A blessing. 

Benev'olence. Disposition to 
do good. 

Benev'olent. Charitable. 



Brevis, short. 



Brev'ity, briefness. Shortness. 
Bre'viary. An abridgement. 
Bre'viature. A shortening. 
Abbre'viate. To shorten. " 



Abbrevia'tion. A contraction. 
Abbrevia'tor.Onewhoabridges. 
Brief, a. Short, concise. 
Brief, n. A pleader's notes. 



Cavus, hollow. 



Cave, cav'ern. A hollow place 

in the earth. 
Con' cave. Hollow, opposed to 
convex. 

Celeber, renowned, famous. 
Cel'ebrate. To praise, to com- Celebra'tion. Solemn perform- 

mend solemnly. ance. 

Celebrated. Renowned, famous. Celeb'rity. Renown, fame. 

Celer, swift. 

Celer'ity. Swiftness. | Accel'erate. To hasten forward. 

Centum, a hundred. 



Ex'cavate. To hollow out. 
Excava'tion. A hole dug in the 
ground, &c. 



Cen'tury. A hundred years. 
Centu'rion. An officer over a 
hundred men. 



Cen'tuple. A hundred fold. 
Cen'tiped. An insect with many 
feet. 



Clarus, clear, bright. 



Clear. Bright, evident. 
Declare'. To make known, to 
proclaim. 



Clar'ify. To make clear. 
Declara'tion. A proclamation, 
open avowal. 



Clemens, merciful, mild. 



Clem'ent. Merciful, kind. 
Clem'ency. Mercy. 



In clem'ent. Unmerciful, harsh. 
Inclem'ency. Severity. 



Crudus, raw, unripe. 



Crude. Raw,unripe, undigested. 
Cru'dity, crude'ness. Unripe- 
ness, an undigested state. 



Cru'el. Barbarous, hard-hearted. 
Cru'elty. Inhumanity, savage- 
ness. 



144 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 



Curvus, crooked, winding. 



Curve. A line bending in a reg- 
ular form. 
Cur'vated. Bent. 



Incur'vate. To bend. 
Curvature. Flexure by which a 
curve is formed. 



Decern, ten. 



Dec'imal. Numbered by tens. 
Dec'imate. To tithe, to take the 

tenth. 
Decima'tion. Selection of every 

tenth. 
Decem'ber. The tenth month, 

reckoned from March. 
Decen'nial. Lasting ten years. 



Ten feet long. 
Reckoning by 



Decem'pedal 
Duodecimal. 

twelves. 
Duodec'imo. Consisting of 

twelve leaves to a sheet. 
Decuple. Tenfold. 
Duodec'uple. Consisting of 

twelves. 



DenSus, thick, close. 



Dense. Close, compact. 
Den'sity. Closeness, compact- 
ness. 



Condense'. To compress. 
Condensa'tion. A thickening, 
compression. 



Worth, honor 



Dig'nity 

Dig'nify. To advance to honor. 

Deign. To vouchsafe ; to think 

worthy. 
Indig'nity. Contumely, insult. 



Dignus, worthy. 

Indig'nant. Angry and dis- 
gusted. 
Indigna'tion. Anger mixed with 

contempt. 
Condign'. Suitable, merited. 



Doubt. Uncertainty, scruple. 
Doubt'ful, du'bious. Uncertain 



Diibius, doubtful. 

Indubitable. Unquestionable. 
Undoubtedly. Certainly. 



JDurus, hard. 



Du'rable. Lasting. 
Du'rance. Imprisonment. 
Dura'tion. Continuance. , 
Endure'. To last, to continue ; 
to brook, to bear. 



Endu'rance. Patience. 
In'durated. Hardened. 
Ob' du rate. Hard of heart, 

born. 
Ob'duracy. Impenitence. 



stub- 



Elegans, handsome. 
El'egance. Beauty of form or I El'egant. Beautiful, polite, 
manner. . | Inel'egant. Clumsy, graceless. 



Felic'ity. Happiness. 
Felic'itous. Happy, fortunate. 



Felix, happy. 

Felic'itate. 
Infelic'ity. 



To congratulate. 
Unhappiness. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 



145 



Festus, joyful, 
Fes'tive. Joyful. I Festiv'ity. Gaiety, joy fulness. 

Fes'tival. Time of rejoicing, j Infest'. To harass, to disturb. 

Firmus, firm, strong, hard. 



Firm. Hard, steady. 
Affirm'. To declare positively. 
Affirmation. Act of declaring. 
Affirmative. That affirms or as- 
serts, confirmative. 
Confirm'. To make firm, to es- 



tablish. 



Confirmation. Additional proof; 

a religious rite. 
Fir'mament. The sky. 
Infirm'. Weak, feeble. 
Infir'mity. Weakness, failing. 
Infirmary. Lodgings for the 

sick. 



Fortis, brave, strong. 



For'titude. Courage, strength 

to endure. 
For'tify. To construct works 

for defence ; to strengthen. 
Fort. A fortified place. 

Grandis, great, lofty 



Fortifica'tion. Military archi- 
tecture ; a fortified place. 

For'tress. A fortified place. 

Effort. An exertion of strength, 
endeavor. 



Grand. Great, noble, lofty. 
Gran'deur. State, magnificence. 
Grandee'. A man of high rank. 



Grand' sire. 

Ag'grandize. 

to exalt. 



A grandfather. 
To make great, 



Gratus, thankful, acceptable. 



Grate'ful. Thankful, pleasing. 
Grat'itude. Desire to return 

benefits, thankfulness. 
Ingrat'itude. Unthankfulness. 
Gra'tis. For nothing. 
Gratuitous. Voluntary. 
Gratu'ity. A free gift. 



Grat'ify. To indulge, to delight. 
Congratulate. To wish joy to. 
Grace. Favor, kindness, pardon. 
Gra'cious. Merciful, favorable. 
Greet. To salute, to welcome. 
Ingra'tiate. To recommend to 
favor. 



Grams, heavy, grievous. 



Grave. Solemn, serious, 

weighty. 
Grav'ity. Weight; seriousness. 
Gravita'tion. Tendency to a 

centre, as of the earth. 
Grief. Sorrow, regret. 



Griev'ous. Mournful, sad. 

Grieve. To mourn. 

Aggrieve'. To harass; to op- 
press. 

Ag'gravate. To make any thing 
worse. 



Inanis, empty, vain. 



Inane'. Empty, void. 
Inan'ity. Emptiness, void space. 



Inani'tion. Emptiness, exhaus- 
tion. 



N 



146 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 



Iners, sluggish. 



Inert'. Inactive, sluggish, mo- 
tionless. 



Iner'tia. Inactivity, want of 
power to move. 



Integer, whole, entire. 
In'tegral, entire'. Whole, un- In'tegrant. 

broken. whole. 

Integer. A whole number. Integrate. 
Integ'rity. Honesty, purity. entire. 

Juvenis, young. 
Juvenile. Young, youthful ; I Juvenil'ity. Youthfulness. 



Making part of a 
To renew, to, make 



fit for children. 



Junior. 
Latus, broad. 



Younger. 



dis- 



Lat'itude. Breadth, extent . 
tance from the equator. 
Dilate'. To widen, to extend. 
Dila'table. Capable of extension 



Ob'late. Flattened at the poles. 
Pro'late. Extended at the poles 

beyond the line of an exact 

sphere. 



Lax. Loose, vague. 
Lax'ity. Looseness, openness. 
Relax'. To slacken, to remit. 



Laxus, loose, slack, large. 



Relaxa'tion. Remission, recre- 
ation. 
Prolix'. Long, tedious. 



Lev'ity. 
mirth. 

Lib'eral. 

free. 
Lib'erty. 



Levis, light, small, 



Lightness, vanity. 

Liber 

Bountiful, generous, 



Freedom. 



Alle'viate. To lighten, to ease. 
Lev'igate. To grind to powder, 
free. 

Liberate, deliver. To set free. 
II lib'eral. Not free or generous. 
Illiberal 'ity. Meanness of mind. 



distance 



Long. Not short. 
Lon'gitude. Lengl 

east or west. 
Longevity. Length of life. 
Prolong'. To lengthen out. 



Longus, long, tall 

Ob' long, 



Longer than broad. 
Elong'ate. To lengthen; to go 

ofT to a distance. 
Elonga'tion. The state of being 

lengthened. 



Magnus, great ; major, greater. 



Mag'nitude. Greatness, size. 
Mag'nify. To make great, to 

extol. 
Magnificence. Grandeur. 
Main. n. The gross, the whole. 
Main. a. Chief, principal. 
Major, a. Greater. 



Ma'jor. n. A military officer. 
Major'ity. The greater number. 
Mayor. The chief magistrate 

of a city. 
Majesty. Grandeur, greatness 

of appearance ; royal title. 
Majes'tic. Stately.' 






WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 147 


Malus, evil, unjust. 
Maledic'tion. A curse; a de- Malignity. Deep-rooted hatred.- 
nunciation of evil. Mali'cious, malig'nant. Intend - 
Malefac'tor. A criminal. ing ill to others. 
Mal'ice. Extreme enmity. Malev'olent. Ill-disposed. 


Maturus, ripe. 

Mature'. Ripe, well digested. Immature'. Unripe. 
Maturity. Ripeness, comple- Premature'. Ripe too soon, 
tion. too hasty. 


Medius, middle. 


Me'dium. The mean ; space or 
substance through which mo- 
tions are performed. 

Me'diate. v. To interpose. 

Me'diate.a. Middle, intervening. 


Imme'diate. Instant, direct. 

Medioc'rity. Middle state, mo- 
deration. 

Dimidia'tion. The act of halv- 
ing. 


Minoi 
Mi'nor. Less ; inconsiderable. 
Minor'ity. The less number. 
Minute', a. Small, little. 
Min'ute. ?i. A small portion of 
time. 


', less. 

Dimin'ish. To make less. 
Diminu'tion. A growing less. 
Diminutive. Small, little. 
Comminu'tion. A grinding to 
powder. 


Mirus, Strang 
Mir'acle. A wonder. 
Ad'mirable. Exciting wonder. 


e, wonderful. 

Admire'. To regard with won- 
der or love. 


Miser, wretched. 
Mis'ery .Wretchedness, distress. I Commis'erate. To pity, to com- 
Mi'ser. A covetous wretch. passionate. 


Mollis, soft. 


Mol'lify. To soften, to assuage. | Mol'lient, emollient. Softening. 


Multus, m 
Multitude. A great number. 
Mul'tiple. A number that con- 
tains another an exact num- 
ber of times. 
Mul'tiform. Of various shapes. 


uch, many. 

Mul'tiply. To increase in num- 
ber. 

Multiplication. Increase. 

Mul'tiped. An insect with many 
feet. 


Novus 
Novel, a. New. n. A tale. 
Nov'elty. Newness, new state. 
Nov'ice. One uninstructed. 


, new. 

Novit'iate. State of a novice. 
In'novate. To bring novelty. 
Ren'ovate. To renew. 

! 



148 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 



Par, like, equal. 



Pair. Two things like each other. 
Par'ity. Equality, resemblance. 
Disparity. Inequality. 
Dispar'age. To undervalue. 
Peer. An equal ; a nobleman. 



Peer'less. Unequalled, match- 
less. 

Compare'. To consider the re- 
lation between persons 
things. 



or 



Primus, first ; p?inceps, chief. 



Prime. First-rate. 

Prim'er. A child's first book. 

Prime' val, primitive, pris'tine. 

Original, ancient. 
Prince. A sovereign, or his 

kinsman. 



Pri'mate. An archbishop, 
Prin'ciple. Element, original 

cause, ground of action, 
Prin'cipal. Chief, capital. 
Primogen'iture. State of being 

first born. 



Prior, former. 
Pri'or. Former, antecedent. | Prior' ity. Precedency. 

Qualis, of what kind, such as. 



Qual'ity. Nature, essence. 
Qualify. To fit for any thing. 



Qualifica' tion. Accomplishment. 
Disqualify. To render unfit. 



Quatuor, four. 



Quar'ter. A fourth part. 
Quart. A fourth of a gallon. 
Quar'tan. The fourth-day ague. 



Quad'rant. A quarter of a circle, 
an astronomical instrument. 
Quad'ruple. Fourfold. 



Rudis, rude, ignorant. 



Rude. Coarse of manners, rag- 
ged. 
Er'udite. Learned. 



Ru'diment. 

learning. 

Erudi'tion. 



The first part of 
Knowledge. 



Sacer, holy 

Sa'cred. Holy, inviolable. 
Sac'rament. A ceremony pro 

ducing an obligation. 
Sacrifice. An offering to God, 
Sacerdo'tal. Priestly. 



sacred. 

Con'secrate. To appropriate to 

sacred uses. 
Ex'ecrate. To curse. 
Sac'rilege. Violation of sacred 

things. 



Sagus, knowing 

Sage. Wise, prudent. 
Sagac'ity. Acuteness of dis- 
cernment. 



Sagacious. Quick of thought. 
Presage', a. To foretell. 
Presage, n. A prognostic. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN ADJECTIVES. 



149 



Se'nior. Elder. 
Senior'ity. " Priority of birth. 
Se'nile. Belonging to old age. 



Senex, old. 

Sen'ator. A public counsellor. 
Sen 'ate. A body of senators. 
Seignior. An Italian nobleman. 



Severus, severe. 



Severe'. Sharp, strict, exact. 
Sever'ity. Strictness ; cruelty. 
Perse ve' ranee. Constancy in 
pursuits. 



Persevere'. To persist in an at- 
tempt. 

Assevera'tion. Solemn affirma- 
tion. 



Similis, like; simul, together. 



Sim'ilar. Like, resembling. 

Sim'ile." An illustrative compar- 
ison. 

Similar'ity, simil'itude, sem'- 
blance, resem'blance. Like- 
ness. 

Resem'ble. To be like. 

Assem'ble. To meet together. 

Solidus, solid. 

Sol'id. Not fluid, strong, com 

pact. 
Solid'ity. Firmness, hardness. 



to 



Assim'ilate. To make alike 
turn to its own nature. 

Simultaneous. At the same 
time. 

Simula'tion. Pretence, disguise. 

Dissimula'tion. Hypocrisy. 

Dissem'ble. To hide under a 
false appearance. 



Solid'ify. To make solid. 
Consol'idate. To form into a 
compact mass. 



Sole. Single, only. 
Sol'itary. Living alone. 
Sol'itude. Lonely life, a desert 
Des'olate. To make lonely. 



Solus, alone, only. 

Solil'oquy. A speech to one's 
self alone. 

So'lo. A tune on a single in- 
strument, or by one voice. 



Tener, tender. 



Ten'der. Soft, delicate, gentle, 

unwilling to give pain. 
Tenu'ity. Thinness, smallness. 



Atten'uate. To make thin. 
Exten'uate. To make small 
to palliate. 



Verm, true. 



Ver'ity. Truth. 

Ver'acity. Habitual observance 

of truth. 
Vera'cious. Observant of truth. 
Ver'ify. To prove true. 



Ver'ily. Truly. 
Verisimil'itude. Probability ; 

appearance of truth. 
Aver'. To declare positively. 
Aver'ment. Solemn affirmation. 



N3 



150 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



WORDS 

DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 

JEstimo* I value. 



Esteem', n. High regard. 
Esteem', v. To prize highly. 
Es'timable. Worthy of esteem. 

Ago, I do or act. 

Act. v. To perform a character. 
Act. n. Ac'tion. Something 

done. 
Ac'tor. He that acts or performs. 
Activ'ity, agil'ity. Nimbleness. 
Actual. Really existing. 
Ac'tuate. To put into action. 
jAc'tuary. A register or clerk. 
A'gent. A doer ; a deputy. 
Ag'itate. To put into motion. 



Inestimable. Above all value. 
Es'timate. To value. 
Estimation. Opinion, valuation. 



Agita'tion. Disturbance. 
Enact'. To decree. 
Exact', v. To demand of right. 
Exact', a. Accurate. 
Prod'igal. Squandering. 
Transact'. To carry on. 
Transac'tion. Dealing between 

man and man. 
Vira'go. A woman who acts 

like a man. / 



Amo, I love. Amatus, loved. 



Am'atory. Relating to love. 
Amateur'. A lover of the fin* 

arts. 
Amiable. Lovely. 
Enam'ored. Fond. 



Am'icable. Friendly. 
Am'ity. Friendship. 
En'mity. Hatred. 
En'emy. A foe. 
Inim'ical. Unfriendly, opposed. 



Apto, I fit or join. 



Apt. Fit, ready, inclined to. 
Apt'ness. Fitness, quickness of 

apprehension. 
Inept'. Unfit, foolish. 



Ap'titude. Fitness, disposi- 
tion. 

Adapt.' To make suitable ; to 
fit. 



Arceo, I hold fast, restrain. 

Coerce'. To restrain by force. [ Coer'cion. Restraint, check. 
Coer'cible. Capable of being Coer'cive. Checking, restrain- 
restrained. ing, forcible. 






WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



151 



Ardeo, I burn. 

Ar'dent. Burning; passionate. 
Ar'dor. Heat, desire. 



Arsus, burnt. 

Ar'son. The crime of house- 
burning. 



Argue. To reason, to dispute. 
Ar'gumenU A reason offered, 
controversy. 



Arguo, I argue. 

Argumentation. Reasoning. 
Argumen'tative. Containing 
argument. 



Au'dible. That can be heard. 

Au'dience. A hearing; the per- 
sons assembled to hear. 

Au'dit. To examine or adjust 
an account. 



Audio, I hear. 

Au'ditor. A hearer; an ex- 
aminer. 

Au'ditory. Assembly of hearers. 

Obe'dient. Listening to, sub- 
missive. 



Augeo, I increase. 



Augment'. To increase. 

Augmenta'tion. The act of in- 
creasing. 

Auc'tion. A public sale of pro- 
perty to the highest bidder. 

Auctioneer'. He who sells by 
auction. 



Auxi, I increased. 
Au'thor. 



Auctus, increased. 
An originator, 



writer. 
Authority. Legal power, credit. 
Authen'tic. Of good authority. 
Authen'ticate. To establish by 

authority. 
Auxiliary. Helping. 



Beo, I bless. Beatus, blessed. 

Beat'ify. To bless with celestial I Beatific. Blissful, 
happiness. I Beat'itude. Blessedness. 

Biboy I drink. 

Bib'ber. A tippler. I Bib'ulous. Absorbing. 

Biba'cious. Fond of drinking. | Imbibe'. To drink in. 



Cado, I fall. 

Case. State of a thing. 

Cas'ual. Happening by chance. 

Cas'ualty. Accident. 

Cascade'. A water-fall. 

Ac'cident. That which happens 
unforeseen. 

Ac'cidence. A small book con- 
taining the rudiments of 
grammar. 



Casus, fallen. 

Coincide'. To agree. 
Coincidence. Concurrence. ~~ 
Decay'. To fall away. 
Decid'uous. Falling. 
In'cident. n. An event. 
In'cident. a. Happening by 

chance. 
Oc'cident. The west, where the 

sun sets. 



152 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Incis'ion. 

Excis'ion 

Concise'. 

Decide'. 

Decis'ion 

Deci'sive. 

Precise'. 



Ccedo, I cut or beat. 
A cut into any thing. 

A cutting out. 

Short, brief. 
To determine. 

Determination. 

Conclusive. 
Exact, strict. 



Ccesus, cut, beaten. 
Precision. Exact limitation. 
Precis'ian. One who limits. 
Caesura. A pause in verse. 
Hom'icide. Manslaughter ; i 

manslayer. 
Su'icide. Self-murder. 
Reg'icide. Murder of a king. 



Cando, I burn. 



Can' die. A tallow or wax light. 
In'cense. n. Perfumes exhaled 

by fire. 
Incense', v. To enrage. 

Cano, I sing. 

Chant. To sing, as in the cathe- 
dral service. 

Chan'ticleer. ' A name given to 
the cock. 

Can'ticle. A song ; the song of 
Solomon. 

Can'to. A section of a poem. 



Incen'tive. Motive. 
Incend'. To stir up, to inflame. 
Incen' diary. One who sets 
houses, &c. on fire. 

Cantus, sung. 

Cant. A corrupt dialect ; a pre- 
tension to goodness. 

Ac'cent. A modification of the 
voice. 

Enchant'. To delight highly. 

Incanta'tion. . Charms uttered 
by singing. 



Capio, I take, I hold. Captus, taken. 



Ca'pable. Able to do or take. 

Capa'cious. Large, holding 
much. 

Capac'itate. To enable, to qua- 
lify. 

Capac'ity. Power of holding. 

Cap'tious. Peevish, cavilling. 

Cap'tivate. To take prisoner ; 
to charm. 

Cap'tive. A prisoner. 

Cap'tor. He who takes a prize. 

Cap'ture. A seizure, a prize. 

Anticipate. To take before 
another ; to foretaste. 

Eman'cipate. To set at liberty. 

Except'. To leave out; to ob- 
ject to. 

Intercept'. To seize in the way. 

Recip'ient. One who receives. 



Occupy. To take possession of; 
to use. 

Occupa'tion. Possession ; em- 
ployment. 

Participate. To partake, to 
share. 

Par'ticiple. A word partaking 
of the nature of an adjective 
and a verb. 

Receipt'. A taking ; acknow- 
ledgment for money paid. 

Receive'. To take, to admit. 

Recep'tacle. A vessel or "place 
into which any thing is re- 
ceived. 

Suscep'tible. Capable of ad- 
mitting. 

Susceptibility. Tendency to 
admit. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



153 



Cedo, I yield, I go away. Cessus, given up. 



Cede. To yield, resign or give 
up. 

Ces'sion. A giving way, resig- 
nation. 

Cease. To stop, to leave off. 

Cessa'tion. A stop, a discontin- 
uance. 

Accede'. To be added to, to 
come to ; to agree. 

Access'. Approach, increase. 

Acces'sible. That can be ap- 
proached. 

Ac'cessory. One who aids an- 
other in the commission of 
crime, by advice or otherwise. 

Antece'dent. Going before. 

Concede'. To admit, to grant. 

Decease'. Departure from this 
world, death. 

Exceed'. To go beyond. 

Excess'. More than enough. 

Exces'sive, exceed'ing. Beyond 
measure, beyond the usual or 
prescribed limits. 

Interces'sor. A mediator. 



Interces'sion. A going between, 

mediation, interposition. 
Precede'. To go before. 
Prece'dence, prece'dency. Pri- 
ority, superiority. 
Predeces'sor. One that was in 

a place before another; an 

ancestor. 
Proceed'. To go forward. 
Proce'dure. Act ; manner of 

proceeding. 
Proc'ess. Progressive course. 
Proces'sion. A ceremonious 

march. 
Recede'. To go back, to retreat. 
Recess'. Retreat; suspension of 

business. 
Seces'sion. A withdrawing 

from. 
Succeed'. To follow after; to 

prosper. 
Success'. Prosperity; the event 

of an affair. 
Succes'sion. Series. 
Succes'sive. Following in order. 



Censeo, I 



judge or vote 

Cen'sor. An officer who watch- 
ed over manners. 
Cen'sorious. Judging severely. 



Cen'sure. Blame, reproach. 
Cen'sus. A numbering of the 
people. 



Cerno, I separate, I discern. 

Cer'tain. Determined, sure. 
Cer'tainty. Freedom from doubt. 
Cer'tify. To testify in writing. 
Certificate. A testimony. 
Concern'. Business, importance. 
Decree'. A thing determined. 
Discern'. To see ; to distin- 
guish. 
Discern'ment. Judgment. 
Discreet', discern'ins;. Prudent. 



Cretus, separated. 

Discrete'. Distinct, disjunctive. 

Discre'tion. Judgment, pru- 
dence. 

Discrimina'tion. Distinction. 

Indiscrim'inate. Without dis- 
tinction. 

Secrete'. To put aside. 

Se'cret. Concealed, private. 

Sec'retary. He who writes for 
another. 



154 WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 




Cieo, or cio, I excite, stir, or call. Citus, roused. 




Cite. To summon into a court ; 


Recite' . To repeat, to enumerate. 




to quote. 


Recita'tion. Repetition, rehear- 




Concita'tion. A stirring up. 


sal. 




Excite'. To stir up, to encour- 


Recitative'. A sort of musical 




age. 


pronunciation. 




Excite'ment. Agitation, motive. 


Resuscitate. To revive, to re- 




Incite'. To animate, to urge on. 


cover from apparent death. 




Clamo, I call out. Clamatus, cried out. 




Claim. To demand. 


Declamation. Discourse ad- 




Claim 'ant. One that demands a 


dressed to the passions. 




right. 


Exclaim'. To cry out. 




Clam'or. Outcry, noise. 


Proclaim'. To announce pub- 




Clam'orous. Noisy, vociferous. 


licly. 




Acclaim'. To give applause. 


Proclamation. Publication by 




Acclamation. A shout of ap- 


authority. 




plause. 


Reclaim'. To "recall, to reform. 




Clando, or cludo, I close. Clausus, or clasus, closed. 




Close. To shut. 


Include', enclose'. To comprise. 




Closet'. A small private room. 


Preclude'. To hinder or prevent. 




Conclu'sive. Decisive. 


Recluse'. Retired. 




Exclude'. To shut out. 


Seclu'sion. A retirement. 




Clino, I incline or bend. 




Incline'. To bend, to lean. 


Decliv'ity. Descent, inclination 




Inclina'tiori. Tendency, pro- 


downwards. 




pensity. 


Accliv'ity. Ascent, inclination 




Decline'. To lean downwards ; 


upwards. 




• to refuse. 


Recline'. To lean back. 




Colo, I till, inhabit, worship. Cultus, tilled. 




Col'ony. A settlement, a plan- 


Cul'tivate. To till. 




tation. 


Ctfl'ture. Tillage. 




Col'onist. A settler in a remote 


Ag'riculture. Husbandry, farm- 




country. 


ing. 




Coul'ter. The sharp iron of a 


Horticulture. The art of cul- 




plough. 


tivating gardens. 




Credo, I believe. Creditus, believed. 




Creed. Articles of belief. 


Cred'itor. One to whom a debt 




Cred'it. Belief, reputation, trust. 


is owed. 




Cred'itable. Reputable. 


Cred'ulous. Apt to believe. 




Credential. That which gives 


Incredu'lity. Indisposition to 




title to belief. 


believe. 




Cred'ible. Worthy of belief. 


Uncred'ited. Not believed. 





WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 155 


Creo, I create. Creatus, created. 


Create'. To cause to exist. 


Crea'tor. God ; one who cre- 


Crea'tion. The act of creating ; 


ates. 


the universe. 


Recrea'tion. Amusement, di- 


Crea'ture. A created being. 


version. 


Cresco, I grow. Cretus, grown. 


Cres'cent. The increasing or 


Excres'cence. Something grow- 


new moon. 


ing out of another. 


Accre'tion. A growing to an- 


Decrease'. To become less. 


other; increase. 


Increase'. To grow larger. 


Concre'tion. A mass formed 


In'crement. Act of^growing 


by a union of particles. 


greater ; increase. 


Cubo, or cumbo, I lie down. 


Cum'ber,incum'ber, To embar- 


Accum'bent. Reclining. 


rass, to hinder. 


Recum'bent. Lying, leaning. 


Cum'brance. Hindrance. 


Procum'bent. Lying down ; 


Incum'bent. Resting upon, im- 


prone. 


posed as a duty. 


Succumb'. To yield, to sink 


Incuba'tion. The act of sitting 


under a difficulty. 


upon eggs. 


Superincum'bent. Lying on the 


In'cubus. The night-mare. 


top of something. 


Curro, I run. Cursus, run. 


Cur'rent. a. Generally received. 


Discourse'. Conversation, a 


Cur'rent. n. A running stream. 


sermon. 


Cur'rency. Fluency, circulation, 


Discur'sive. Roving, reasoning. 


money. 


Excur'sion. An expedition, a 


Cur'ricle. An open chaise, with 


digression. 


two horses abreast. 


Incursion. Inroad, invasion. 


Cur'sory. Hasty, careless. 


Incur'. To become liable to. 


Cou'rier. A messenger sent in 


Occur'. To happen. 


haste. 


Occurrence. Accidental event. 


Course. Race, passage, order 


Precur'sor. Forerunner, har- 


of succession. 


binger. 


Cour'ser. A swift horse. 


Recur'. To come back to the 


Concur'. To agree. 


thought; to have recourse 


Concurrence. Combination of 


to. 


circumstances. 


Recourse'. Application to for 


Con'course. A confluence of 


help. 


persons or things. 


Suc'cor. Aid, help in distress. 



156 WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 


Deceo, I become or befit. 


De'cent, deco'rous. Becoming, 


Dec' orate. To adorn or em- 


suitable. 


bellish. 


Pe'cency. Propriety of maimer. 


Decora'tion. Ornament, added 


Deco'rum. Propriety of beha- 


beauty. 


vior. 


Indeco'rum. Impropriety. 


Dico, I appoint. Dicatus, dedicated. 


Ded'icate. To devote, to in- 


Predicament. Condition. 


scribe to. 


Indicative. Showing, informing. 


Ab'dicate. To give up right, 


Indica'tion. Sign, symptom. 


to resign. 


Adju'dicate. To adjudge. 


Predicate. To affirm any thing 


Preju'dicate. To determine be- 


of another thing. 


forehand. 


Dico, I say. Dictus, said. 


Dic'tion. Language, style. 


Benedic'tion. A blessing. 


Dictionary. A book containing 


Contradiction. Opposition, in- 


the words of a language. 


consistency. 


Dictate. To give directions au- 


E'dict. A proclamation. 


thoritatively. 


Indict'. To charge by formal 


Dicta'tor. A Roman magistrate 


accusation. 


invested with absolute autho- 


Indite'. To write, to compose. 


rity. 


Interdict'. To prohibit, to forbid. 


Dictato'rial. Authoritative, dog- 


Maledic'tion. A curse. 


matical. 


Predict'. To foretell, to pro- 


Addict'.. To devote to. 


phesy. 


Divido, I divide. 


Divide'. To separate into parts. 


Divi'sor. The number by which 


Divis'ion. The act of separating. 


another is to be divided. 


Div'idend. The number to be 


Divis'ible. Separable into parts. 


divided, a share. 


Individual. A single being. 


Do, I give. Datus, given. 


Do' nor. A giver. 


Condi'tion. Quality, state. 


Dona'tion. A free gift. 


Ed 'it. To prepare for publi- 


Da'tive. In grammar, that case 


cation. 


of nouns which usually fol- 


Editor. He who prepares for 


lows verbs of giving. 


publication. 


Aban'don. To give up ; to for- 


Par' don. To forgive. 


sake. 


Perdi'tion. Destruction, ruin. 


Add. To join to. 


Tradi'tion. An account handed 


Addi'tion. Increase. 


down by mouth. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



157 



Doceo, I teach. 

Doctor. A man that has taken 
the highest degree in divinity, 
law, or physic; 1 ^ physician. 

Doc'trine. Principles, instruc- 
tion. 

Duco, I lead. 

Duke. A leader ; the highest 
degree of English nobility. 

Duc'tile. Capable of being 
drawn out. 

Abduc'tion. A leading away. 

Adduce'. To bring forward. 

Conduct', v. To lead, to direct. 

Con' duct. n. Management, be- 
havior, convoy. v 

Conduce'. To tend, to contri- 
bute. 

Con'duit. A water-pipe or canal. 

Deduct'. To take away, to sub- 



tract. 
Deduce'. 



To draw an inference 

Emo, I take or buy 

Exempt. Not liable. [nity. 

Exemp'tion. Privilege, imrau- 

Preemp'tion. Right of buying 

before others. 

Eo, I go. 

Ambi'tion. A seeking for honor 
or excellence. 

Cir'cuit. Extent round about. 

Ex' it. A going out, departure. 

Ini'tial. Placed at the beginning. 

Ini'tiate. To instruct in the ru- 
diments of any thing. 

Obit'uary. Account of deaths. 



Doctus, taught. 

Doc'ument. Written instruction 
or evidence ; a record. 

Doc'ile. Teachable, tractable. 

Docil'ity. Aptness to be taught. 

Indo'cile. Un teachable. 

Ductus, lead. 

Educe'. To bring out, to extract. 

Educa'tion. Formation of mind 
and manners. 

Induce'. To persuade. 

Induc'tion. General inference. 

Induce'ment. Motive. 

Introduce'. To usher in. 

Produce'. To bring forward, to 
bear, to yield. 

Produc'tive. Fertile, efficient. 

Reduce'. To diminish, to subject. 

Seduce'. To draw aside, to cor- 
rupt. 

Traduce'. To censure, to ca- 
lumniate. 



Emptus, taken. 

Peremptory. Absolute, positive. 

Redeem'. To ransom, to re- 
cover. 

Redemp'tion. Ransom, release. 

Bus, gone. 

Per'ish. To be quite gone, to die. 

Pre'terit. Past. 

Sedi'tion. An insurrection. 

Tran'sient, tran'sitory. Soon 

passing, momentary. 
Tran'sit. A passing over. 
Transi'tion. Change from one 

place or state to another. - 



Err. To mistake. 
Er'ror. A mistake. 
Erro'neous. Wrong, mistaking. 
Erra'ta. Errors in writing or 
printing. 



Erro, I wander. 
Errat'ic 



. er'rant. Wandering. 

Er'rand. A message, a com- 
mission. 

Aberra'tion. A wandering from 
the common track. 



O 



158 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Fallo, I deceive ; falsus, deceived. 



False. Not true ; not real ; coun- 
terfeit. 
Farsity,false'hood. An untruth. 



Fallacy. Deceitful argument or 

appearance. 
Fallible. Liable to error. 



Fari, to speak, or decree ; fatus, decreed. 



Fate. Destiny, predetermined 

event. 
Fa'tal. Deadly, destructive. 
Affability. Civility, courtesy. 
Affable. Easy to be spoken to. 



Ineffable. Unspeakable. 
In'fant. A young child. 
In'fancy. The first stage of life. 
Preface. An introductory 
speech or writing. 



Facio, I do or make ; /actus, done. 



Fact. A thing done, a reality. 

Fac'tor. An agent or doer. 

Fac'tion. A party counteracting 
the government. 

Fac'tory. A work-place ; the 
residence of traders abroad. 

Facile. Easy. 

Facilitate. To make easy. 

Face'tious. Gay, cheerful, lively. 

Affect'. To act upon. 

Affec'tion. Love, kindness, any 
passion. 

Affecta'tion. False pretence. 

Coun'terfeit. A forgery. 

Defeat'. To vanquish ; to frus- 
trate. 

Defect'. Want ; a blemish. 

Deficient, defec'tive. Failing, 
wanting. 

Difficult. Hard to be done. 

Effect', v. To bring to pass, to 
achieve. 

Effect', n. Thing produced, con- 
sequence. 



Effective, efficient. Operative, 
active, producing. 

Effectual, effica'cious. Produc- 
tive of effects. 

For'feit. A fine, a mulct. 

Infect'. To affect with conta- 
gion. 

Manufac'ture. To make things 
by hand or machinery. 

Office. Employment, business, 
place of business. 

Officiate. To discharge an office. 

Per'fect. Complete, pure, clear. 

Pre' feet. A governor. 

Proficient. One who is skilled 
in any science. 

Refec'tion. Refreshment after 
fatigue. 

Refec'tory. Eating-room. 

Sacrifice. To offer to Heaven ; 
to destroy. 

Sufficient. Enough, competent. 

Suffice'. To be enough. 

Sur'feit. To feed over much. 



Fendo, I strike ; fensus, struck. 



Fence, defence'. Guard, secu- 
rity. 

Defend'. To protect, to vindi- 
cate. 

Defen'dant. The accused per- 
son. 



Offend'. To displease; to trans- 
gress. 

Offence'. Crime, injury. 

Inoffen'sive. Harmless, inno- 
cent. 

Undefen'ded. Exposed. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



159 



Feroy I bear or carry ; latus, carried. 



Fer'ry. The place where boats 
pass over water to convey 
passengers, &c* 

Fer'tile. Fruitful, bearing much. 

Confer'. To discourse with 
another ; to bestow. 

Con'ference. A meeting for dis- 
cussing a question. 

Collate'. To compare things of 
the same kind. 

Colla'tion. A bestowing ; a re- 
past. 

Defer', delay'. To put off. 

Deference. Regard, respect. 

Dilate'. To enlarge ; to extend. 

Dil'atory.— Tardy, sluggish. 

Differ. To be unlike ; to con- 
tend. 

Difference. Distinction, dis- 
pute. 

Elat'ed. Flushed with success. 

Infer'. To draw a conclusion. 

Offer. To present, to propose, 
to attempt, to sacrifice. 



Of fering, obla'tion. A sacrifice. 

Prefer'. To like better. 

Preference. Estimation of one 
thing before another. 

Prel'ate. A bishop. 

Proffer. To propose, to offer. 

Refer'.. To allude, to assign, to 
appeal. 

Relate'. To have respect to; 
to tell. 

Rela'tion. Connexion, narra- 
tive. 

Rel'ative. A kinsman ; a sort of 
pronoun. 

Superlative. Highest in de- 
gree ; most eminent. 

Suffer. To bear, endure ; to 
allow, permit. 

Sufferance. Pain ; patience, 
permission. 

Transfer'. To convey , to re- 
move. 

Translate'. To remove, to inter- 
pret into another language. 



Ferveo, I boil or rage. 



Fer'vor. Heat, zeal. 
Fer'vent, fervid. Hot, zealous. 
Effervesce'. To bubble up. 
Efferves'cence. Ebullition. 

Fido, 

Fidelity. Honesty, faithful ad- 
herence. 

Confide'. To trust, to rely. 

Con'fidence. Trust in another ; 
boldness. 

Confidential. Worthy of trust. 



Ferment'. To be in intestine 
motion. 

Fermenta'tion. A state of intes- 
tine motion. 

I trust. 

Diffidence. Distrust. 
In'fidel. An unbeliever. 
Infidelity. Want of faith, dis- 
belief. 
Per'fidy. Treachery. 
Perfidious. False to trust. 



Fix. To make fast, to settle. 
Affix'. To subjoin. 
Prefix'. To put before.. 



Figo, I fix ; Jixus, fixed. 

Fix'ture. Furniture attached to 

a house. 
Infix'. To fasten. 



160 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Fingo, I form or feign ; Jictus, formed. 
Fic'tion. An invention, a false- Fig'ure. Form, shape, statue, 



hood 

Ficticious. Counterfeit, ima- 
ginary. 

Effigy. Resemblance, image. 

Feign. To invent, to dissemble. 



image. 

Fig'urative. Representing some- 
thing else. 

Transfiguration. Change of 
form. 



FlectOy I bend ; flexus, bent. 



Flex 'ion. A bending. 
Flex'ible. Pliant, manageable. 
Inflexible. Not to be bent ; 
obstinate. 



Inflection. A bending, modu- 
lation of the voice. 

Reflect'. To throw back; to 
consider attentively. 

Fligo, I beat ; flictus, beaten. 
Afflict'. To give pain, to grieve. Inflict'. To lay on, to impose. 
Affliction. Sorrow, calamity. Profligate. Shameless, aban- 
Con'flict. Contest, struggle. doned. 

Fluo, I flow. Fluxus or fluctus, flowed. 



Flux. A flowing tide; con- 
course ; a disease. 

Flu'ent. Flowing, voluble. 

Flu'ency. Smoothness, copious- 
ness. 

Flu'id. Any thing that flows. 

Fluc'tuate. To move backwards 
and forwards ; to change ; to 
be uncertain. 

Fluctuation. Uncertainty, in- 
determination. 

Affluence. Plenty, riches. 

Circum'fluent. Flowing round. 

Con'flux, con'fluence. A junc- 
tion, a flowing together. 

Frango, I break. 

Frac'ture. A breach or break- 
ing. 

Frag'ment. A part broken off. 

Frag'ile, frail. Easily broken. 

Fragil'ity. Brittleness. 

Frail 'ty. Weakness of resolu- 
tion. 

Infringe'. To break a contract. 



Running into one 



A flowing down of 



Con'fluent. 
another. 

Deflux'ion. 
humors. 

Efflux. A flowing out. 

Efflu'via. Those minute par 
tides which are always flying 
off from bodies. 

In'flux. A flowing in. 

Influence. Power of directing. 

Influential. Exerting power. 

Re'flux. Backward course, ebb. 

Superfluous. More than enough. 

Superfluity. Plenty beyond ne- 
cessity. 

Fractus, broken. . 

Infrac'tion. Violation of a con- 
tract. 

Refract'. To break the course 
of rays of light. 

Refrac'tion. Change of direc- 
tion of rays. 

Refrac'tory. Obstinate, per- 
verse. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERES. 



161 



Fugio, I flee. 

Fu'gitive. Running away. 
Centrifugal. Having a tendency 

to fly from the centre. 
Refuge. A shelter, resource. 



Fugitus, fled. 

Refugee'. One who flies to 
protection. 

Sub'terfuge. A trick, an eva- 
sion. 



Fulgeo, I shine. Falsi, I have shone. 

Efful'gent, reful'gent. Shining, |Effurgence,reful'gence. Lustre. 

I Ful'gency, fulgid'ity. Splendor. 



bright, splendid 

Fundo, I pour out. 

Fuse. To melt. 
Fu'sion. Act of melting. 
Fusibil'ity. Capability of being 

melted. 
Confound'. To mingle things, 

to perplex. 
Confu'sion. Irregular mixture, 

tumult. 
Diffuse'. To spread, to scatter. 

Gero, I bear, or carry on 



Ges'ture. Action, or posture. 

Gesticula'tion. The act of mak- 
ing gestures. 

Bellig'erent. Waging war. 

Conges'tion. A collection of 
matter. 

Gigno, I beget. 

Ge'nial. That causes to pro- 
duce. 

Ge'nius. Natural disposition. 

Gen'itive. (In grammar) a case 
denoting possession. 

Gen'eral. Comprehending many 
individuals. 

Gen'eralize. To arrange par- 
ticulars under heads. 

Gen'erate. To beget or produce. 

Genera'tion. A family, a race. 

Gener'ic. Belonging to a genus. 

Gen'der. A kind, sort, or sex. 

Inge'nious. Inventive. 



Fusus, poured out. 
Effu'sion. A pouring out, waste 
Infuse'. To pour in, to instil. 
Profu'sion. Extravagance 

abundance. 
Refund'. To pour back, to re 

store. 
Suffuse'. To overspread. 
Transfuse'. To pour from one 

into another. 

Gestus, borne. 

Conge'ries. A heap of bodies. 
Digest'. To range in order ; to 

soften by heat, to concoct. 
Indiges'tion. The state of food 

unconcocted. 
Suggest'. To intimate. 

Genitus, begotten. 

Ge'nus. A kind including many 
species. 

Gen'uine. Natural, unadulter- 
ated. 

Conge'nial. Of the same genus. 

Degen'erate. To grow worse. 

Indig'enous. Native to a country. 

Primogen'iture. State of being 
first born. 

Progen'itor. A forefather. 

Prog'eny. Offspring, race. 

Regen'erate. To renew. 

Regenera'tion. New birth to 
the Christian life. 



02 



162 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Gradior, I -step. 

Grade. Rank, degree. 

Grada'tion. Regular advance 
step by step. 

Grad'ual. Advancing by steps. 

Grad'uate. To mark with de- 
grees. 

Degree'. Quality, rank ; a step. 

Degrade'. To put lower, to 
lessen. 

Degradation. Disgrace. 

Aggres'sion. Commencement 
of a quarrel. 

Aggres'sor. An invader. 



Gressus, stepped. 

Con'gress. A meeting ; the le- 
gislature of the United States. 

Digress'. To wander, to depart 
from the subject. 

Digression. A deviation. 

E'gress. Departure out of. 

In'gress. Entrance. 

Progress, progres'sion. Motion 
forward. 

Retrograde. Going backwards. 

Transgress'. To pass over, to 
violate. 

Transgres'sion. Offence, crime. 



Habeo, I have or hold. 

Have. To possess, to enjoy. 
Hab'it. State of a thing, cus 

torn, dress. 
Habitation. A place of abode 
Habit'ual. Customary. 
Abil'ity. Faculty, power. 



Habitus, held. 

A'ble. Powerful, fit, proper. 
Debil'itate. To enfeeble. 
Exhib'it. To show, to display. 
Inhab'it. To dwell in. 
Prohib'it, inhib'it. To forbid, 
to hinder. 



Hcereo, I stick. Hcesi, I have stuck. Hcesus, stuck. 
Adhere'. To stick to. Cohe'rent. Sticking together. 



Hes'itate. To doubt, to delay. 
Cohe'sion. State of union, 
connexion. 



consistent. 
Incohe'rent. Inconsistent, loose. 
Inhe'rent. Existing in, innate. 



Halo, I breathe. 

Exhale'. To breathe out. I Anhela'tion. Shortness 

Exhala'tion. Vapor, steam. ; breath, panting. 
Inhale'. To draw into thelungs. JAnhelose'. Out of breath. 



of 



Jacio, I throw. 

Jacula'tion. A darting of 

weapons. 
Ejaculation. A short prayer 

occasionally uttered. 
Abject. Mean, worthless. 
Adjective. A word added to a 

noun to qualify it. 
Conjec'ture. To guess. 



Jactus, thrown. 

Deject'. To cast down, to 

grieve. 
Dejec'tion. Lowness of spirits. 
Eject'. To cast out, to expel. 
Inject', To throw in. 
Interjec'tion. An exclamation, 

thrown in between the parts 

of a sentence. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



163 



Object. Something presented 
to any of the senses. 

Objec'tion. Fault found. 

Project'. To throw out ; to 
scheme. 



Projectile. A body thrown for- 
wards. 

Reject'. To refuse. 

Subject', v. To put under, to 
subdue. 



Jugo, I yoke, I fasten together. 



Con'jugal.Belongingtomarriage 
Conjugate. To connect the in- 
flections of a verb. 



Jungo, I join. 
Junc'tion, junc'ture. Union. 
Join. To unite. 
Joint. Juncture of moveable 

bones, &c. 
Join'er. One who joins pieces 

of wood, a carpenter. 
Adjoin'. To join to. [ciate. 
Conjoin. To unite, to asso- 

Jura 

Adjure'. To charge solemnly. 
Abjure'. To renounce upon oath, 
to abandon. 



Jug'ular. Pertaining to the neck. 

Sub'jugate. To bring under the 

yoke of power, to conquer. 

Junctus, joined. 

Conjunc'ture. Concurrence of 
circumstances. 

Disjoin'. To separate. 

Disjunc'tion. Separation, dis- 
union. 

Enjoin'. To command. 

Injunc'tion. Precept, order. 

Subjoin'. To add at the end. 

I swear. 



Conjure'. To implore with so- 
lemnity. 
Perjure. To forswear, 



Labor, I slip, or slide. Lapsus, slipped. 



Lapse. A slip, trifling error. 
Collapse'. To fall together. 



Elapse'. To glide away. 
Relapse'. To fall back again. 



Lego, I send away. Legatus, sent. 



Leg'ate. A deputy, 

bassador. 
Lega'tion. A deputation, an 

embassy. 
Leg'acy. Something left by 

will. 
Col'league, A partner in office. 

Lego, I choose, I read. 
Lecture. A discourse on sci- 
ence, &c. 
Leg'ible. That can be read. 
Le'gion. A chosen body of men. 
Collect'. To gather together. 
Dil'igent. Industrious.; 1 
Elec'tion. The act of choosing. 



Allege'. To affirm, to plead an 
excuse. 

Allegation. Declaration, plea. 

Del'egate. v. To send on an em- 
bassy. 

Del'egate. n. A deputy, a com- 
missioner. 

Lectus, chosen, read. 
El'igible. Fit to be chosen. 
Intellect. Understanding, sense. 
Intelligent. Knowing. 
Neglect'. To slight, to postpone. 
Neg'ligence. Inattention. 
Recollect'. To remember. 
Select'. To choose out. 



164 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Libro, 
Deliberate, v. To weigh in the 

mind, to consider. 
Deliberate, a. Carefully weigh- 
ing the consequences of an 
act, circumspect. 

Ligo, 

Lig'ament, lig'ature. A band or 
bond. 

Alliga'tion. Act of tying toge- 
ther, a rule in arithmetic. 

Oblige'. To compel ; to please. 

Obli'ging. Civil, complaisant. 



I weigh. 

Delibera'tion. The act of delib- 
erating, or weighing in the 
mind. 
Deliberative. Proceeding by 
deliberation. 

I bind. 

Obligation. A binding act ; a 
favor. 

Relig'ion. Virtue as founded 
upon reverence of the Crea- 
tor ; a system of divine faith 
and worship. 



Linquo, I leave. Lictum, left. 



Delin'quent. 

his duty. 

Derelic'tion. 



One who omits 
An utter forsak- 



Loquor, I speak. 

Loquac'ity. Talkativeness. 

Collo'quial. Relating to con- 
versation. 

Circumlocution. A roundabout 
expression. 

Elocu'tion. The art of speaking 
with propriety of utterance 
and intonation. 

Ludo, I play. 
Lu'dicrous. Merry, exciting 

laughter. 
Allu'sion. A hint. 
Elude'. To escape by stratagem. 

Luo, I wash away 

Ablu'tion. A washing or cleans- 
ing. 

Abluent. Washing clean. 

Allu'vial. That has been washed 
down a river. 

Allu'vion. Substances washed 
down rivers. 



Relin'quish. To abandon. 
Rel'ic. The remains of some 

old thing. 
Rel'ict. A widow. 

Locutus, spoken. 

Eloquent. Having oratorical 
powers. 

Ob'loquy. Censorious speech. 

Solil'oquy. A speech in soli- 
tude. 

Ventril'oquist. One who can 
speak as if it were from his 
stomach. 

Lusus, played. 

Illu'sion, delu'sion. Deceptive 

appearance. 
Interlude. A farce. 
Prel'ude. An introduction. 

. Lutus, washed. 
Antedilu'vian. Existing before 

the deluge. 
Dilu'vian. Relating to the 

deluge. 
Dilute'. To make thin or weak. 
Pollute'. To defile, to make 

unclean. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



165 



Mando, I command or send away. 



Man'date. An order, a precept. 
Command', n. Authority, power. 

Maneo, I stay. 
Man'sion. Place of abode, house. 
Per'manent. Durable, lasting. 



Command' 
order. 



v. To govern ; to 



Mansus, staid. 

Remain'. To stay, to be left. 

Rem'nant. That which is left. 



Medeor, I cure. 



Med'icine. A substance that has 
the power of curing or miti- 
gating disease. 

Medic'inal. Having the power 
of healing. 



Med'ical. Relating to physic. 
Rem'edy. A cure, reparation. 
Reme'diable. Curable. 
Immed'icable, irreme'diable, 
rem'ediless. Incurable. 



Memini, I remember or mention. 



Mem'ory. Recollection. 

Mem'orable. Worthy to be re- 
membered. 

Memoran'dum. A note to help 
the memory. 

Memoir'. A short account. 



Memo'rial. A monument. 
Men'tion. To speak of. 
Commem'orate. To preserve in 
memory by some public act. 
Reminis'cence. Recollection. 
Remem'ber. To bear in mind. 



Mergo, I plunge or dip. 



Immer'sion. The act of plung- 
ing into a fluid. 
Emerge'. To rise out of. 
Emer'gency. Pressing necessity. 

Metior, I measure. 

Mete. To measure. 

Mea'sure. That by which ex- 
tent or dimension is reckoned. 

Mensura'tion. The art of mea- 
suring. 



To put 



Im merge', immerse 

under a fluid. 
Submer'sion. A causing to be 

overflowed by water. 

Mensus, measured. 
Commen'surate. Having equal 

measure or extent. 
Dimen'sion. Bulk, capacity. 
Immense'. Immeasurably great. 
Immen'sity. Infinity. 



Migro, I remove away. 



Migration. A changing of place. 
Em'igrate. To remove from a 
place. 

Mineo, I hang ready to fall. 



Em'igrant. One who removes. 

Transmigra'tion. A passing 

from one state to another. 



Im'minent. Impending, at hand. 
Prom'inent. Standing out, con- 
spicuous. 



Em'inent. High, dignified. 
Em'inence. Elevation, fame. 
Pre'eminence. Superiority. 



166 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Misceo, I mix. Missus or mixtus, mixed, 

Mixed, of va- 



Mix. To mingle. 

Mix'ture. A mass formed by 

mingling. 
Mis'cellany. A collection of 



various thing; 



Miscellaneous, 
rious kinds. 

Intermix'. To mingle together. 

Promiscuous. Mingled indis- 
criminately. 



Mitto, I send. Missus, sent. 



Mis'sion. Persons sent by au- 
thority. 

Missionary. One sent to propa- 
gate religion. 

Mis'sile. Thrown by the hand. 

Admit', To let in, to allow. 

Admis'sion, admit'tance. En- 
trance. 

Commit'. To intrust; to perpe- 
trate. 

Commis'sion. A trust, a charge. 

Commit'tee. Persons appointed 
to manage affairs. 

Compromise. To adjust by 
mutual concession. 

Demise'. To grant by will. 

Dismiss'. To send away. 

Emit'. To send forth. 



Em'issary. One sent out on 
private messages. 

Immit'. To send in ; to inject. 

Intermit'tent. Ceasing at inter- 
vals. 

Omit'. To leave out. 

Permis'sion. Leave granted. 

Premise'. To explain before- 
hand. 

Prom'ise. To engage to do. 

Promissory. Containing a pro- 
mise. 

Remit' . To relax ; to forgive. 

Remiss'. Slack, slothful. 

Submis'sive. Humble, obsequi- 
ous. 

Submit'. To resign to authority. 

Transmit'. To send over* 






3Ioneo, I advise. Monitus, advised. 



Mon'itor. An adviser. 
Mon'ument.- A memorial. 



Admon'ish. To reprove gently. 
Admoni'tion. Counsel, reproof. 



Moveo, I move. Motus, moved. 



Move. To put out of one place 

into another. 
Move'ment, mo'tion. Change 

of place. 
Mobil'ity. Ability to be moved. 
Momen'tum. Force of motion. 
Mo'tive. That which incites to 



Commo'tion. Tumult, disturb- 

ance. 
Emo'tion. Disturbance of mind. 
Immobil'ity. Unmovableness. 
Promote'. To advance, to exalt. 
Promo'tion. Preferment. 
Remove'. To put from its place. 
Remote'. At a distance. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



167 



Muto, I change. 



Mu'table. Changeable. 
Muta'tion. Change, alteration. 
Mu'tual. Reciprocal. 
Commuta'tion. Change. 
Commute'. To exchange. 

Nascor, I am born. 



Immu'table. Unchangeable. 

Permuta'tion. Exchange of 
one for another. 

Transmute'. To change the na- 
ture. 



Natus, born. 



Nas'cent. Beginning to grow, 

increasing. 
Na'tal. Relating to one's birth. 
Na'tive, nat'ural. Conferred by 

birth, original ; unaifected. 
Nativ'ity. Birth. 



Na'ture. Original quality; sort; 

the whole creation. 
Nat'uralist. A student of nature. 
Cog'nate. Kindred. 
Innate'. Born with us, inbred. 
Supernatural. Above nature. 



Noceo, I hurt. 



No'cent, nox'ious. Hurtful. 
Innoc'uous, innox'ious. Harm 
less in effects. 



In'nocent. Harmless, guiltless. 
In'nocence. Simplicity, purity. 
Obnox'ious. Liable, exposed. 

Notus, known. Nomen, a name. 



Note. A short remark. 
No'ted, noto'rious. Well known, 

remarkable. 
No'tice. Remark, intelligence. 
No'tion. Thought, opinion. 
Annota'tion. A comment. 
Denote'. To point out. 
No'ble. Generous, elevated. 
Nobil'ity. Dignity, high rank. 
Enno'ble. To dignify, to elevate. 
Igno'ble. Mean, worthless. 
Nomencla'ture. A vocabulary. 



Nom'inal. In name only. 

Nominate. To name, to ap- 
point. 

Name. That by which a thing 
is called. 

Noun. The name of a thing. 

Pro'noun. A word used instead 
of a noun. 

Denomina'tion. A name given 
to a thing. 

Ig'nominy. Disgrace, dishonor. 

Misno'mer. A wrong name. 



Nuncio, I announce. 



To proclaim, to 



Announce 

publish. 
Pronounce. To utter. 
Pronuncia'tion. Mode of 

terance. 



Enunciate. To declare, to pro- 
claim, to utter. 
Denounce'. To proclaim a 
ut- threat. 

Renounce'. To disown, to reject. 

Oleo, I yield a scent, I grow. 



Olfac'tory. Having the sense 

of smelling. 
Abol'ish. To destroy. 
Aboli'tion. Destruction. 



Adoles'cence. Youth. 
Adult'. A grown-up person. 
Ob'solete. Grown out of use. 
Red'olence. Sweet scent. 



168 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 






Orior, I rise or spring from. 
O'rient. Rising as the sun 



eastern. 
Orien'tal. Eastern, belonging 
to the east. 



Or'igin. Beginning, source 
Exor'dium. A formal preface. 
Primordial. Existing from the 
beginning. 



Oro, I pray, I make a speech. 



Ora'tion. 

Orator. 

Oratory, 

Or'ison. 

Adore'. 



A formal speech. 
A public speaker. 

Eloquence. 
A prayer. 
To worship. 



Ex'orable. That may be moved 

by entreaty. 
Inex'orable. Not to be moved. 
Perora'tion. The conclusion of 

an oration. 



Adora'tion. Worship. 

Paro, I make or prepare. 



Prepare'. To make ready. 
Prepara'tion. Readiness. 
Prepar'atory. Introductory. 
Repair'. To mend. 
Repara'tion. Amends, recom- 
pense. 

Pasco, I feed cattle. . Pastu 
Pas'tor. A shepherd, a priest, j Pas'ture. 
Pas'toral. Pertaining to shep 

herds, rural. 
An'tepast. A foretaste. 

Patior, I suffer. 
Pa'tience. Endurance. 



Impair'. To injure. 

Sep'arate. To disunite, to part, 
to divide. 

Separation. The act of sepa- 
rating, disunion. 

Separately. A part singly. 

fed. 

Food ; ground on 
which cattle feed. 



Pa'tient. a. Enduring, suffering. 
Pa'tient. n. A sick person. 



Repast'. A meal, the act of 
taking food. 

Passus, suffered. 
Pas'sive. Suffering, unresisting. 
Pas'sion. Feeling of the mind. 
Pas'sionate. Irritable. 



Impa'tient. Not enduring, hasty. I Compas'sion. Pity, sympathy. 
Petto, I name, I call. Pellaius, called. 



Appellation. Name. 
Appeal'. To refer for decision. 

Pello, I drive. 

Pulse. The beating of an artery. 
Pulsa'tion. A beating. 
Appulse'. A striking against. 
Compel'. To force, jto con- 
strain. 
Dispel'. To drive away. 



Repeal', v. To recall, abrogate. 
Repeal', n. A revocation. 

Pulsus, driven. 

Expul'sion. A driving out. 
Impel'. To urge forward. 
Impulse. Force given ; motive. 
Propel'. To drive forward. 
Repul'sion. The power of driv- 
ing off. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



169 



Pendeo, I hangs Pendo, I weigh 

Pen' dent, pensile. Hanging. 

Pen'dulum. A vibrating body- 
suspended from a fixed point. 

Pen'sion. Gratuitous allowance. 

Append'. To attach to. 

Appen'dix,appen'dage. Some- 
thing added at the end. 

Compen'dium. An abridgement. 

Compen'sate. To reward. 

Compensa'tion. An equivalent. 

Depend'. To hang from ; to 
trust to. 

Dispense', To distribute. 



Pensus, hung. 

Expend', spend. To lay out. 

Expense'. Cost, charges. 

Impend'. To hang over. 

Perpendic'ular. Directly down- 
wards. 

Prepense'. Contrived before. 

Propen'sity. Inclination, ten- 
dency. 

Sti'pend. Wages, settled pay. 

Suspend'. To hang, to delay. 

Suspense'. Uncertainty. 

Suspen'sion. A hanging; an 
interruption. 



Perio, I try, I learn. 



Experiment. Trial. 
Expedience. Practice, frequent 
trial. 



Peto, I seek, I suit. 



Peti'tion. 
Pet'ulant. 
Ap' petite. 



Request, entreaty. 
Perverse, saucy. 
Hunger, longing. 
Centrip'etal. Tending towards 

the centre. 
Compete'. To rival. 
Competi'tion. Rivalry, contest. 

Pingo, I paint. 

Pic'ture. n. A painting. 
Pic'ture. v. To represent. 



Expert'. Skilful, ready. 
Rep'ertory. A treasury, a mag- 
azine. 

Petitus, sought. 

Competence, competency. A 
sufficiency. 

Impet'uous. Violent, forcible. 

Im'petus. The force with which 
a body is impelled. 

Repeat'. To do, make, or at- 
tempt again ; to recite. 

Pictus, painted. 

Pig'ment. Paint, color. 
Depict'. To paint, to describe. 



Placeo, I please. 



Please. To gratify, to delight, 
Plac'id. Soft, quiet, mild. 
Compla'cency. Satisfaction. 

Plaudo, I praise. 
Loud praise, ap- 



Plau'dit. 

plause. 
Plau'sible, 
Applaud'. 

bation. 



Specious. 

To express appro- 



Complaisance'. Civility. 
Displease'. To offend. 
Implacable. Unrelenting. 

Plausus, praised. 

Applause'. Approbation loudly 
expressed. 

Explode'. To drive out in dis- 
grace ; to go off, to burst. 

Explo'sion. Violent bursting. 



170 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Pleo, I fill. Pletus, filled. Plenus, full. 



Plen'ary. Full, complete. 
Plenipotentiary. One invested 

with full powers. 
Plen'ty. Abundance. 
Plen'itude. Fulness. 
Plen'teous. Copious, abundant. 
Complete'. Full, perfect. 
Complement. Full quantity. 

Plico, I fold. Plicatus, folded. 

Accom'plice. One united with 
another in a plot. 

Apply'. To put to. 

Applica'tion. A thing applied ; 
close study. 

Com'plicate, com'plex. Entan- 
gled, compounded." 

Duplicity. Doubleness of heart. 

Du'plicate. A second thing of 
the sort. 

Duplica'tion. A folding. 

Explicate. To unfold, to ex- 
plain. 

Explic'it. Plain, clear. 

Polio, I polish. 
Pol'ish. To smooth, to brighten. 
Polite'. Elegant of manners. 



Deple'tion. An emptying. 
Ex'pletive. Something to fill up. 
Im'plement. Utensil, tool. 
Replenish. To fill. 
Replete'. Filled, stored. 
Supply'. To fill up, to furnish. 
Supplement. An addition to 
supply defects. 

Plecto, I twist. Plexus, twisted. 

Im 'plicate. To involve. 

Implicit. Implied. 

Inexplicable. Unintelligible. 

Mul'tipie. A number which 
contains another an exact 
number of times. 

Perplex'. To confuse. 

Sim'ple. Single, plain, artless. 

Simplic'ity. Innocence, plain- 
ness. 

Sim'plify. To render less com- 
plex ; to make easier. 

Triple. Three-fold. 

Trip'let. Three lines rhyming. 

Politus, polished. 
Polite'ness. Elegance of man- 
ners, good breeding. 






Pono, I put or place. Positus, placed. 



Posi'tion. Place, situation. 
Post. Place, station. 
Pos'ture. Situation, attitude. 
Postpone'. To put off, to delay. 
Ap'posite. Proper, fit. 
Compose', compound'. To put 

together. 
Composi'tion. Combination. 
Depose'. To put down. 
Depos'itory. The place where 

any thing is lodged. 
Dispose'. To give, to place. 
Expose'. To lay open. 



Expos'itor. An explainer. 
Impose'. To put upon; to cheat. 
Imposi'tion. A tax ; a cheat. 
Interpose'. To put between. 
Oppose'. To resist. 
Propose', propound'. To offer 

to consideration. 
Pur'pose. Intention, design. 
Repose'. To rest. 
Suppose'. To advance by way 

of argument ; to think. 
Transpose'. To put each into 

the place of the other. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



171 



Porto, 
Por'ter. A carrier. 
Por'table. Easily carried. 
Portman'teau. A leather trunk. 
Comport'. To agree, to suit. 
Deport' merit. Carriage ; con- 
duct 
Export'. To send abroad. 

Prehendo, I seize. 
Apprehend'. To lay hold on ; 

to fear. 
Comprehend'. To include. 

Premo, I press. 
Press. To squeeze, to urge. 
Impress'. To print ; to fix deep. 
Impres'sion. Print, mark made 

by pressure. 
Compress'. To force together. 
Compres'sible. Capable of being 

compressed. 



I carry. 

Import'. To bring into a coun- 
try. 

Import'ant. Of consequence. 

Report'. Rumor, an account. 

Support'. To bear up, to prop. 

Transport'. To carry from place 
to place ; to delight. 

Prehensus, seized. 
Reprehend' , To blame, to chide. 
Incomprehensible. Not to be 
understood. 

Pressus, pressed. 

Depress'. To thrust down. 

Express'. To squeeze out; to 
declare. 

Oppres'sion. Cruelty, severity. 

Repress'. To put down. 

Suppress'. To subdue ; to con- 
ceal. 



Privo, I take away, I bereave. Privatus, bereft. 



Priv'acy. Secrecy, retirement 
Pri'vate. Secret, particular. 



Probo, I prove, 
Prob'able. Likely. 
Probabil'ity. Likelihood. 
Proba'tion. Trial, proof. 
Probe. A surgeon's instrument 

for examining a wound. 
Prob'ity. Honesty, integrity. 
Prove. To try, to test. 

Pungo, I prick or sting 



Priva'tion. A taking away; lack. 
Deprive'. To bereave. 

Probatus, tried, proved. 

Approba'tion, appro'val. The 
liking of any thing. 

Approve'. To like, to be pleas- 
ed with. 

Improve'. To advance in good. 

Reprove'. To blame, to censure. 

Rep'robate. Lost to virtue. 

Punctus, pricked. 



Pun'gent. Pricking, sharp. 
Punc'ture. A hole pierced. 
Punctua'tion. The art of point- 
ing written language. - 

Puto, I think. 
Compute'. To count or reckon. 
Dispute'. To contend for ; to 
question. 



Compunc'tion. Pricking of 

conscience. 
Expunge'. To cross out. 

Putatus, thought. 
Impute.' To ascribe. 
Repute'. To account, to think. 
Reputa'tion. Credit, character. 



172 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



QucBsituSy sought. 

In' quest. Judicial inquiry. 

Per'quisite. Something gained 
by a place or office, in addi- 
tion to the regular salary. 

Request'. To solicit, to entreat. 

Require'. To demand, to ask. 

Req'uisite. Necessary, required. 

Quassus, shaken. 
Discuss'. To examine. 
Percus'sion. A striking, a stroke. 

Rasus, shaved. 

Erase'. To destroy, to rub out. 
Ra'sure, era'sure. The act of 
erasing. • 

Rapio, I snatch. Raptus, snatched. 

Rapa'cious, rav'enous. Plun- 1 Rap'id. Quick, swift. 

dering, greedy. Rap'ture. Ecstasy, transport. 

Rap'ine. Pillage, plunder. | Surrepti'tious. Done by stealth. 

Rego, I rule. Rectus, ruled. Regnum, a kingdom. 



Qucero, I seek 
Quest. Search, inquiry. 
Ques'tion, que'ry, inqui'ry. An 

asking ; a doubt. 
Acquire'. To get, to obtain. 
Disquisi'tion. Examination. 
Inquire'. To ask questions. 
Inquis'itive. Prying, curious. 

Quatio, I shake. 
Quash. To crush. 
Concus'sion. A shaking. 

Rado, I shave. 
Raze. To efface, to overthrow. 
Ra'zor. A knife to shave with. 
Abra'sion. A rubbing off. . 



Re'gal. Royal, kingly. 
Rega'lia. Ensigns of royalty. 
Re'gency. Government for a 

king. 
Re'gent. 
Reg'imen 

rule. 
Re'gion. 
Reg'ular 



A viceroy; a ruler. 
Diet according to 



A country. 
According to rule. 
Reg'ulate. To adjust by method. 
Reg'ister. A regular account. 



Rec'tor. A ruler ; a parson. 
Rec'tify. To make right. 
Rec'titude. Uprightness. 
Reign. Royal authority. 
Reign'ing. Ruling. 
Interreg'num. The time be- 
tween two reigns. 
Sov'ereign. A supreme ruler. 
Correct'. To amend. 
Direct'. To regulate ; to order. 
Erect'. Upright. 



Rideo, I laugh. 
Rid'icule. Contemptuous laugh- 

ter, derision. 
Ris'ible. Exciting laughter. 

RogOy I ask. Rogatus, asked. 



Risus, laughed. 
Deride'. To laugh at. 
Deri'sion. Contempt, scorn. 



Ab'rogate. To repeal, to annul. 
Ar'rogant. Haughty, proud. 
Der'ogate. To detract. 
Interroga'tion. A question. 



Prerogative. A peculiar privi- 
lege. 
Prorogue'. To put off, to delay. 
Sur'rogate. A deputy. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS 



173 



Rumpo, I break. 

Rup'ture. A breach. 
Abrupt'. Broken, craggy. 
Bank'rupt. One who cannot 
pay his debts. 



Ruptus, broken. 

Corrupt'. Vicious, rotten. 

Erup'tion. A bursting forth. 

Interrupt'. To hinder. 

Irrup'tion. A bursting in. 



Salio or Salto, I leap or dance. 



Sa'lient. Leaping, projecting. 

Salta'tion. A dancing or jump- 
ing. 

Assault', assail'. To attack. 

Des'ultory. Passing from thing 
to thing. 

Sancioy I confirm. 

Sanc'tion. Confirmation. 
Sanc'tity. Holiness, godliness. 



Exult'. To rejoice exceedingly. 
Insult'. To trample upon ; to 

deride. 
Result'. To fly back ; to be a 

consequence. 
Resil'ience. A springing back. 

Sanctus, confirmed. 

Sanc'tify. To make holy. 
Sanc'tuary. A holy place. 



Sapio, I taste, I am wise. 



Sa'pient. Wise, prudent. » 
Sa'pience. Wisdom, knowledge. 
Sa'vor. A scent, a taste. 

Scando, I mount. 

Scan. To examine nicely. 
Ascend'. To climb up. 
Ascent'. Act of rising ; an emi- 
nence. 
Condescend'. To stoop, to yield. 

Scio, ] 

Sci'ence. Knowledge. 

Scientific. Connected with 
science. 

Sci'olist. One who knows su- 
perficially. 

Con'science. Innate. knowledge 
of right and wrong. 

Scindo, I cut 

Scis'sors. Small shears. 
Scis'sure. A cut, a rent. 
Rescind'. To cut off, to cancel. 



Sa'vory. Pleasing to the taste. 
Sap'id. Tasteful, palatable. 
Insip'id. Tasteless, unsavory. 

Scansus, mounted. 

Condescen'sion. Free humili- 
ation. 
Descend'. To go down, 
Transcend'. To rise above, to 
surpass, to excel. 

know. 

Conscien'tious. Just, scrupu- 
lous. 

Con'scious. Knowing. 

Omnis'cience. Knowledge of 
all things. 

Pre'science. Foreknowledge. 

Uncon'scionable.Unreasonable. 

Scissus, cut. 
Scis'sile, scis'sible. That can be 



cut. 
Abscis'sion. 



A cutting off. 



P2 



174 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Scribo, I write. 

Scribe. A writer, a penman. 

Scrib'ble. To write without 
use or elegance. 

Scrip'ture. The Bible ; any- 
writing. 

Scriv'ener. One who writes 
contracts. 

Ascribe'. To attribute to. 

Circumscribe'. To limit. 

Descrip'tion. An account. 

Inscribe'. To write on ; to as- 
sign to. 

Prescribe'. To direct, to order. 

Seco, I cut. 

Se'cant. A geometrical line. 
Sec'tion. A cutting, a division. 
Sec 'tor. An instrument for 

measuring angles. 
Seg'ment. A piece cut off. 
Dissect'. To cut in pieces. 

Se&eo, I sit. 

Sedan'. A chair to be carried in. 

Sedate'. Calm, serene. 

Sedentary. Sitting, inactive. 

Ses'sion. The sitting of magis- 
trates, &c. 

Sed'iment. That which settles. 

Assid'uous, sed'ulous. Sitting 
close to work, diligent. 



Scriptus, written. 

Prescription. Custom; medi- 
cal receipt. 

Proscribe'. To doom to destruc- 
tion. 

Subscrip'tion. Contribution to 
any undertaking. 

Superscription. The writing on 
the outside. 

Transcribe'. To copy. 

Man'uscript. A book written, 
not printed. 

Post'script. Something written 
after the letter. 

Sectus, cut. 

Dissec'tion. Anatomy. 
In'sect. A small creeping or 

flying animal. 
Intersec'tion. The point where 

lines cut each other. 
Bisect'. To cut in two. 

Sessus, seated. 

Possess'. To have, to enjoy. 
Preside'. To beset over, to rule. 
Pre' si dent. He who sits at the 

head. 
Reside'. To live, to dwell. 
Res'idue. The remaining part. 
Subside'. To sink, to settle. 
Supersede'. To set aside. 



Sentio, I perceive, I think 

Sense. Perception, feeling ; 

reason, meaning. 
Sensa'tion. Perception by the 

senses. 
Sen'sible. Quick of feeling ; 

intelligent. 
Sen'sitive. Possessing feeling. 
Sen'sual. Pertaining to the 

senses. 



Sensus, perceived. 

Sen'sory. The seat of sensa- 
tion. 

Sen'tence. Decision of a judge, 
a period in writing. 

Sen'tient. Perceiving, feeling. 

Sen'timent. Thought, notion. 

Assent'. To agree to. 

Consent'. Agreement, concord. 

Dissent'. To differ from. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



175 



Sequor, I follow. 

Se'quel. Succeeding part, event. 

Se'quence. Regular succession. 

Con 'sequence. That which fol- 
lows. 

Per'secute. To pursue with 
malignity. 

Sero, I connect. 

Se'ries. Connected succession. 
Assert'. To affirm, to maintain. 
Desert'. To leave, to forsake. 



Secutus, followed. 

Pros'ecute. To follow, to carry 
on ; to pursue at law. 

Ob'sequies.Funeral solemnities. 

Obse'quious. Obedient, servile- 
ly condescending. 

Subsequent. Following. 

Sertiis, connected. 

Disserta'tion. A discourse. 
.Exert'. To put forth. 
Insert. To put in. 



Servio, I serve. 



Serve. To attend at command. 
Ser'vant. An attendant, a me- 
nial. 
Ser'vil", Slavish, mean. 



Ser'vitude. 

dence. 
Subser'vient. 

useful. 



Slavery, depen- 
Instru mentally 



Servo, I preserve. 



Con'serve. A sweetmeat. 
Conser'vatory. A place where 
any thing is preserved. 



Preserve'. To save, to keep, 

to candy fruit. 
Reserve'. To keep in store. 



Sisto, or sto, I stand. Status, stood. 



State. Condition, quality. 
Sta'tion. Situation, office. 
Sta'tionary. Fixed, settled. 
Stat'ure. Size, height. 
Stat' ue. An image set up. 
Sta'ble, stall. A house for 

beasts to stand in. 
Stabil'ity. Steadiness. 
Ar'mistice. A cessation from 

hostilities, a truce. 
Assist'. To stand by, to help. 
Cir'cumstance. Incident, event. 
Consist'. To stand fixed ; to be 

composed of. 
Con'stant. Unchanged; certain. 
Desist'. To stand off, to stop. 
Dis'tant. Remote, far off. 



Dis'tance. Space ; reserve. 
Establish. To settle firmly. 
Exist'. To be. 
Ex'tant. Now in being. 
Insist'. To persist in demands. 
In'stant. Pressing, present. 
In'stance. Urgency ; example. 
Inter' stice. Space between things 
Ob'stacle. Hindrance. 
Persist'. To persevere. 
Resist'. To withstand. 
Rest. Repose, quiet, sleep. 
Sol' stice. The tropical point. 
Subsist'. To be, to continue. 
Subsistence. Being ; support. 
Sub'stance. Being, body. 
Supersti'tion. False religion. 



176 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Solvo, I loosen. Solutus, loosened. 



Solve. To explain, to untie. 
Solu'tion. The act of dissolv- 
ing in a fluid ; explanation. 
Sol'uble. Capable of solution. 
Sol'vency. Ability to pay. 
Insol'vent. Unable to pay. 

Spargo, I sprinkle. 

Asperse'. To bespatter with 

calumny. 
Asper'sion. Calumny, censure. 



Absolve'. To clear, to acquit 
of a crime. 

Ab'solute. Complete, uncon- 
ditional. 

Dissolve'. To melt, to break up. 

Resolve'. To determine. 



Sparsus, sprinkled. 

Disperse'. To scatter, to dissi- 
pate. 
Intersperse'. To scatter between. 



Specio, I see. Spectus, seen. 



Species. A sort, order, class. 
Spec'ial. Particular, peculiar. 
Specific. Peculiar, appropriate. 
Spec'tacle. A show, a sight. 
Spec'tacles. Glasses to assist 

the sight. 
Specta'tor. A looker-on. 
Speculate'. To meditate. 
Speculation. Mental scheme. 
Spec'imen. A sample. 
As'pect. Look, air, appearance. 
Conspic'uous. Easily seen. 
Cir'cumspect. Watchful on 

every side. 
Despise'. To scorn, to contemn. 

Spiro, I 

Spir'it.Breath, the soul , courage. 
Spiritual. Immaterial, mental. 
Spir'acle. A breathing-hole. 
Aspire'. Topant after something. 
Aspira'tion. A breathing after. 
As'pirate. Pronounced with a 

full breath. 
Conspire'. To agree together. 
Conspiracy? A plot, treason. 
Expire'. To breathe out ; to die. 



Des'picable. Mean, worthless. 

Expect'. To wait for. 

Expecta'tion. Prospect of any 
thing to come. 

Inspect'. To look into. 

Pros'pect. Distant view. 

Prospec'tive. Looking forward. 

Perspec'tive. The act of draw- 
ing on a plane surface True 
resemblances of objects, as 
they appear to the eye from 
any station. 

Respect'. Regard, attention. 

Suspect'. To imagine guilty 
without proof. 

breathe. 

Inspire'. To inhale; to animate. 
Inspira'tion. A drawing in of 

the breath. 
Perspire'. To send out moisture 

from the skin. 
Respire'. To breathe, to catch 

breath. 
Transpire'. To pass out in vapor; 

to escape from secrecy* 
Suspira'tion. Sigh,a deep breath. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



177 



Spondeo, I promise. 
Sponsor, He who promises 

for another. 
Spon'sal. Relating to marriage. 
Spouse. A husband or wife. 
Espouse'. To marry; todefend. 



Spojisus, promised. 
Correspond'. To suit ; to agree. 
Despond'. To despair. 
Respond'. To answer. 
Response'. A reply. 
Responsible. Answerable. 



Statuo, I place or appoint. Statutus, appointed. 



Stat'ute. A law, a decree, 
Con'stitute. To appoint. 
Constitution. Establishment, 

state of being. 
In'stitute. 



Des'titute. Forsaken, aban- 
doned. 

Restitution. Recovery. 

Sub'stitute. To put in the place 
of another. 



To enact, to found. 

Stino, I fix. 
Des'tine. To purpose, to intend, j Ob'stinacy. Stubbornness, con- 
Des'tiny. Fate, condition in i tumacy. 

future. j Predes'tinate. To determine 

Ob'stinate. Stubborn, fixed. beforehand. 

Stinguo, I extinguish. Stinctus, extinguished. 



Distinguish. To divide by prop- 
er marks, to judge. 

Distinct', distinguished. Dif- 
ferent ; marked out. 

Extinc'tion. Suppression. 

Stringo, I grasp hard 

Strict. Rigorously nice, exact. 

Stric'ture. A contraction. 

Astrin'gent. Binding, contract- 
ing. 

Constrain'. To compel. 

Constric'tion. A contraction. 

Constric'tor. That which com- 
presses. 

Struo, I build. 

Struc'ture, construc'tion. Edi- 
fice, building. 

Construct'. To form, to build. 

Con'strue. To interpret, to ex- 
plain. 

Instruct'. To teach, to inform 
by precept. 

Instruction. Information; com- 
mand. 



To put out light 
abolished. 



Extin'guish. 

or fire. 
Extinct'. Put out 
In'stinct. The power that guides 

the actions of brutes. 

Strictus, graspecj. 
Distrain'. To seize, to lay hold 

on. 
Dis'trict 



region 
Restrain' 
Restrict'. 



Circuit of authority, 
[press. 
To withhold, to re- 
To limit, to confine. 
Restrin'gent. Having the power 

of restraining. 
Structus, built. 
In'strument. A tool, means 

employed. 
Obstruct'. To hinder, to block 
. up. 
Destroy'. To lay waste, to put 

an end to. 
Destruc'tion. Waste, death. 
Superstruc'ture. An erection 
upon something else. 



178 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERES. 



Suadeo, I advise. 

Persuade'. To bring over to an 

opinion. 
Persua'sion. Influence, opinion. 



Suasus, advised. 

Dissuade'. To advise against. 
Dissua'sive. Dehortatory, ad- 
vising against. 



Sum, I am. Esse, to be. Ens, entis, being. Futurus, about to be. 



A thing not exist- 



En'tity. Something which is, 
a real being 

Non-en' tity 
ing. 

Es'sence. That which consti- 
tutes the particular nature of 
a being or substance. 

Essen'tial. Highly important. 

Sumo, I take. 

Assume'. To take, to claim. 
Assumption. A taking. 
Consume'. To waste, to destroy . 
Consump'tion.Waste; a disease. 
Presume'. To suppose. 

Tango, I touch. 

Tan'gent. A line which touches 
without intersecting a curve. 

Tactil'ity. Perceptibility by the 
touch. 

Conta'gion. Communication of 
disease by contact. 



Fu'ture. That is to be here- 
after. 

Futu'rity. Time to come. 

Ab'sent. Not present ; inatten- 
tive. 

Pres'ent. Face to face. 

Represent'. To exhibit. 

In'terest. Concern, advantage. 

Sumptus, taken. 

Presump'tion. Confidence, ar- 
rogance. 
Resume'. To take back. 
Sumptuary. Relatingtoexpense 
Sump'tuous. Expensive. 

Tactus, touched. 

Con 'tact. Touch, close union. 
Contig'uous. Touching each 

other. 
Contigu'ity. 

contact. 
Contin'gent. 



Nearness, actual 
Accidental. 



Tego, I cover. Tectus, covered. 

Teg'ument, integ'ument. Acov- I Protect'. To cover, to defend, 
ering. | Detect'. To uncover, to disclose. 

Temper o, I mix, I moderate. 



Tern 'per. To mix, to moderate. 

Tem'per. Due mixture, mode- 
ration. 

Tem'perament. Constitution, 
due mixture of different qua- 
lities. 

Tem'perance. Moderation. 



Tem'perate. Moderate. 

Tem'perature. State of a body 
with regard to heat, modera- 
tion. 

Attemper. To mingle, to soften. 

Intern 'perance. Want of tem- 
perance, or moderation. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



179 



Tendo, I stretch, I aim. Tensus or tentus, stretched. 



Tend. To move towards a thing. 

Ten'dency. Direction, inclina- 
tion. 

Tense. Stretched, stiff. 

Ten'sible, ten'sile. That can 
be stretched. 

Tent. A movable lodging place, 
stretched on poles. 

Ten'ter. A hook on which 
things are stretched. 

Attend'. To listen ; to stay for. 

Contend'. To strive, to contest. 

Distend'. To stretch out wide. 



Extend'. To spread out. 

Intend'. To mean, to design. 

Intense'. Strained, forced, ar- 
dent, very great. 

Intent', inten'tion. Design, 
purpose. 

Osten'sible. Apparent, visible. 

Ostenta'tion. Outward show. 

Portend'. To foreshow, to fore- 
bode. 

Pretend'. To appear falsely. 

Pretence'. A false argument. 

Subtend'. To be extended under. 



Teneo, I hold. Tentus, held. 



Ten'or. 
Ten' ant. 



Character, purport. 
One who holds lands, 



&c, of another. 
Ten'ement. Any thing held by 

a tenant. 
Ten'et. An opinion held. 
Ten'able. That may be held. 
Tena'cious. Holding fast. 
Abstain'. To forbear. 
Ab'stinence. Forbearance. 
Attain'. To procure, to reach. 
Contain'. To hold as a vessel. 



Contin'ue. To remain, to last. 
Contin'ual. Uninterrupted. 
Detain'. To keep back. 
Deten'tion. A withholding. 
Maintain'. To support. 
Obtain'. To gain, to get. 
Pertain'. To belong to. 
Per'tinent. Just to the purpose. 
Imper'tinent. Meddling, foolish. 
Retain'. To keep possession. 
Sustain'. To holdup, to support. 
Sus'tenance. Support, victuals. 



Tero, I wear, I rub. Tritus, worn. 



Trite. Worn out, stale. 
Tritura'tion. Reduction to pow- 
der by rubbing. 
Det'riment. Damage, loss. 



Text. That 

mented on. 
Tex'tile. Woven. 
Tex'ture. A web ; 

weaving. 



Texo, I weave, 
which is com- 



manner of 



Attri'tion. A wearing away by 

rubbing. 
Contrite'. Worn with sorrow. 
Contri'tion. Sorrow for sin. 

TextuSj woven. 

Con'text. s. The general series 
of a discourse. 

Context'. Woven together. 

Pretext'. Pretence, false appear- 
ance. 



180 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Torqueo, I twist. 

Torture. Anguish, pain. 
_ Tor'tuous. Winding, twisted. 
Tor'ment. Pain, misery. 
Contortion. Twist, wry motion. 

Traho, I draw. 
Track. A road, a beaten path. 
Tract. A region ; any thing 

drawn out. 
Trac'table. Manageable. 
Attract'. To draw to, to invite. 
Abstract', v. To separate ideas. 
Ab'stract. s. An epitome. 
Contract'. To draw together ; 

to bargain. 



Tortus, twisted. 

Distort'. To twist out of form. 
Distortion. Perversion. 
Extort'. To wring from one. 
Retort'. To return an argument. 

Tractus, drawn. 

Detract'. To take away by ca- 
lumny. 

Distract'. To divide, to perplex. 

Distraction. Confusion. 

Extract'. To draw out, to select. 

Protract-'. To lengthen, to delay. 

Retract'. To recall, to recant. 

Subtract'. To take one num- 
ber from another. 



Trib'ute. A tax, a custom. 
Attrib'ute. To ascribe to. 
Contrib'ute. To give to some 
common stock. 



Tribuo, I give, or ascribe. 
Distribute. 
Retribu'tion. 

turn. 
Trib'utary. 



To deal out. 
Repayment, re- 



Trudo, I thrust. 
To push, to drive. 



To enter without 



Thrust. 
Intrude', 
right. 
Intru'sive. Coming in uninvited. 

Vado, I go. 
To pass through water. 



Wade. 

Evade'. 

Eva'sion 



To avoid, to elude. 
An excuse. 



Paying tribute. 

Trusus, thrust. 
Extrude'. To thrust out. 
Obtrude'. To thrust into. 
Protrude'. To thrust forward. 
Protru'sion. A thrust. 

Vasits, gone. 

Invade'. To attack, to assault. 
Pervade'. To pass through the 
whole mass. 



Val'ue. 
Val'or. 
Val'id. 
Val'iant. 



Valeo, I am strong, I am worth. 
Price, worth. | Equivalent. Equal in value. 



Courage, strength. 
Strong, efficacious. 
Brave, courageous. 
Valetudina'rian. A person of a 
weak or sickly constitution. 
Avail. Profit. 
Convalescence 
covery of health. 



A gradual re- 



Inval'id. Weak, of no weight. 

In'valid. A person sickly or 
indisposed. 

Invaluable. Above all value. 

Prevail'. To have power, to 
overcome. 

Prev'alent. Victorious, exten- 
sively existing. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



181 



Velio, I carry. Vastus^ carried. 



Ve'hicle. Any kind of carriage, 

a conveyance- 
Vex. To disturb, to plague. 
Con'vex. Bending outward. 

Venio, I come. 

Ad' vent. The coming of our 
Saviour. 

Adven'ture. A chance, an ac- 
cident. 

Con'vene. To come together, 
to assemble. 

Conven'tion.Assembly,meeting. 

Contravene'. To oppose, to 
baffle. 

Verto, I turn. 

Ver'sion. A turning; a trans- 
lation. 

Verse. Language in metre. 

Ver'satile. Easily turned to a 
new task. 

Versed. Skilled, practised. 

Ver'sify. To make verses. 

Ver'tebre. A joint of the back. 

Ver'tex. The top of a thing. 

Ver'tical. Over head. 

Ver'tigo. A giddiness. 

Vor'tex. A whirlpool. 

Avert'. To turn from. 

Aver'sion. Hatred, dislike. 

Ad'verse. Opposed to, calami- 
tous. 

Adver'sity. Affliction, misfor- 
tune. 

Video, I see. 

Vision. Sight. 
Vis'ible. That can be seen. 
Vis'it. To go to see. 
Devise'. To contrive. 
Evi'dent. Apparent, plain. 
Ev'idence. Proof. 



Convey'. To carry from place 

to place. 
Inveigh'. To rail against. 
Invec'tive. Censure, railing. 

Ventus, come. 

Conve'nient. Fit, suitable. 

Event'. A thing that happens. 

Invent'. To find out, to feign. 

Invention. A discovery. 

Intervene'. To come between. 

Prevent'. To hinder, to ob- 
struct. 

Supervene', 
tion. 



To come in addi- 



Versus, turned. 
Advert'. To attend to. 
Converse'. To discourse with. 
Convert'. To change. 
Controvert'. To debate, to dis- 
pute. 
Divert'. To please, to turn aside. 
Diver'sion. Amusement. 
Diver' sity. Difference. 
Introvert'. To turn inwards. 
Invert'. To turn upside down. 
Pervert'. To corrupt. 
Perverse'. Stubborn, vexatious. 
Revert'. To turn back. 
Reverse'. To turn upside down. 
Subvert'. To overthrow. 
Transverse'. Cross- wise. 
Trav'erse. To cross. 
Tergiversa'tion. Shift, evasion. 

Visits, seen. 

Provide'. To prepare, to supply. 
Prov'idence. Foresight, pru- 
dence ; divine care. 
Provision. Stock collected. 
Revise'. To look at again. 
Supervi'sor. An overlooker. 



Q 



182 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



Vinco, I conquer. 

Vin'cible. Conquerable. 
Invin'cible. Not to be beaten. 
Vic'tor. A conqueror. 
Vic'tory. Conquest. 
Convict'. To prove guilty. 



Victus, conquered. 

Convince'. To persuade the 

mind by evidence. 
Evince'. To prove, to show. 
Prov'ince. A subdued country, 

a region. 



Vivo, I live. 



Victus, live. Vita, life. 



Viv'id. Lively, strong. 
Viva'cious. Sprightly, gay. 
Viv'ify. To make alive. 
Vict'uals. Provision of food. 
Victualler. An innkeeper. 

Voco, I call. 

Voice. Sound of the mouth. 
Vo'cal. Uttered by the voice. 
Vocab'ulary. A list of words. 
Voca'tion, avoca'tion. Calling, 

trade or profession. 
Voc'ative. (In grammar) the 

case used in speaking to. 
Vociferate. To cry out. 
Ad'vocate. To plead for another. 

Volvo, I roll up. 

Vol'ume. Something rolled ; a 

book. 
Vol'uble. Rolling easily, fluent. 
Volute'. A scroll at the top of 

a column. 
Circumvolu'tion. A rolling 

about. 
Convolve'. To roll together. 



Conviv'ial. Social, festal. 
Revive'. To rouse, to renew. 
Survive'. To outlive. 
Vi'tal. Essential to life. 
Vital'ity. Power of living. 

Vocatus, called. 

Convoke'. To call together. 

Equiv'ocal. Meaning different 
things, ambiguous. 

Evoke'. To call forth. 

Invoke'. To call upon. 

Provoke'. - To enrage. 

Revoke'. To recall, to repeal. 

Irrevocable. -Not to be re- 
called. 

Votutus, rolled. 
Convolu'ted. Twisted. 



Devolve' 

hands 
Evolve'. 
Involve'. 
Revolve'. 

meditate. 
Revolution. 



To fall into new 

To unfold. 
To inwrap, to imply- 
To roll round ; to 

A turn, a rotation. 



Volo, I wish, I am willing. 



Voli'tion. The act of willing. 
Voluntary. Free, acting by 

choice. 
Volun'teer. One who offers his 

services. 



Volup'tuary. A man given up 

to pleasure and luxury. 
Benev'olence.Kindness,charity. 
Malevo'lent. Wishing ill. 
Noli'tion. Unwillingness. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN VERBS. 



183 



Devour', To eat up greedily. 
Vora'cious. Greedy, ravenous. 
Carniv'orous. Feeding on flesh. 
Herbivorous, Feeding on herbs. 
Pisciv'orous. Feeding on fish. 



Voro, I devour. 

Graminiv'orous. Feeding on 

grain. 
Ossiv'orous. Feeding on bones. 
Omniv'orous. Feeding on every 

thing. 



Voveo, I vow. 

Vow. A solemn promise. 
Vote. Suffrage, voice given. 
Vo'tary. One devoted. 

Utor, I use. 

Use. Purpose, convenience. 

U'sage. Custom, treatment. 

U'sual. Customary, common. 

Uten'sil. An instrument or 
tool. 

Util'ity, use'fulness. Profit, ad- 
vantage. 



Votus, vowed. 

Vo'tive. Promised by a vow. 
Devote'. To dedicate. 
Devo'tion. Prayer, piety. 



Usus. used. 



for 



U'sury. Illegal interest 

the use of money. 
U'surp. To seize unjustly. 
Abuse', misuse'. To employ 

improperly. 
Disuse'. Want of practice. 
Peruse'. To read, to observe. 



184 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Aer, the air. 



Air. The element surrounding 
the globe. 

Ae'rial. Belonging to the air. 

Aerolite'. A stone that falls 
from the atmosphere. 

Aerol'ogy. Doctrine of the air. 

Aerosta'tion. Aerial naviga- 
tion. 



A'eronaut.Onewho sailsthrough 

the air in a balloon. 
E'ther. An extremely subtile 

fluid supposed by some to 

pervade all space. 
Ethe'rial. Heavenly. 
Me'teor. A body passing through 

the upper regions of the air. 



Aggelos,* a messenger. 



An'gel. A good spirit in a 

state of glory. 
Archan'gel. An angel of the 

highest order. 



Evan'gelize. To instruct in the 

gospel. 
Evan'gelist. A writer of the 

history of our Lord. 



Ago, I lead. Agogos, a leader. 



Dem'agogue. 

faction. 
Mys'tagogue. 

of mysteries, 



The leader of a 
An interpreter 



Ped'agogue. A leader of boys, 

a schoolmaster. 
Syn'agogue. An assembly of 

Jews to worship. 



Agon, strife. 
Ag'ony. Extreme pain. | Antagonist. An opponent. 

Aner, andros, a man. 

Monan'dria.Having one stamen. 
Gynan'dria. Having stamens on 



Andro'gynal. (Plants) having 
stamens and pistils in the 
same flower. 

Polyan'dria. Having many sta- 
mens. 



the pistil. 
Androi'des. Self-moving ma- 
chines in the human form. 



Anthos, a flower. 



An'ther. Part of a flower. 
Anthol'ogy. A collection of 
flowers, of poems, &c. 



Helian'thus. The sun-flower. 
Polyanthus. A plant bearing 
many flowers* 



* In Greek, the letter g gamma is sounded hard, as in get; when one 
g comes before another g, a k, an x, or a ch, it is sounded like n : so the 
word Jlggelos is to be pronounced as if written Angelas. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



185 



A?ithropos, a man. 



Anthropol'ogy. The doctrine 
of human anatomy. 

Anthropoph'agi. Men-eaters. 

Lycan'thropy. A sort of mad- 
ness. 



Philan'thropy.Loveof mankind. 

Aphilan'thropy. Want of love 
to mankind. 

Misan'thropy. Hatred of man- 
kind. 



Arche, the beginning, government. 



Ar'chaism. An ancient phrase. 
Ar'chetype. The original. 
Archidiac'onal. Belonging to 

an arch-deacon. 
Archiepis'copal. Belonging to 

an archbishop. 
Ar'chives. Ancient records. 
Architecture. Art of building. 
Ar'chitrave. Part of the top of 

a column. 
Ar'chon. A Grecian magistrate. 
Archipel'ago. The iEgean sea. 



An'archy.Want of government. 

Chil'iarch. A commander of 
one thousand men. 

Heptar'chy. A seven-fold gov- 
ernment. 

Mon'archy. Government under 
one ruler. 

Ol'igarchyGovernmentby a few 

Pa'triarch. The father and ruler 
of a family. 

Te'trarch. The governor of the 
fourth part of a province.' 



Argos, white. 



Ar'gent. Bright like silver. 
Ar'gil. Potter's clay. 

Astron, 
Astrog'raphy. A description of 

the stars. 
As'trolabe. An instrument for 

taking altitudes at sea. 
Astrol'ogy. Prediction by the 

stars. 
Astron'omy. The science of 

the stars. 



Lith'arge. 
lead. 



Vitrified oxyde of 



a star. 

As'ter. A flower resembling a 

star. 
As'terisk. A mark like a star( # ). 
As'terism. A cluster of stars, 

a constellation. 
As'teroids. The little planets, 

Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta, 



As'tral. 
Autos, one's self. 



Relating to the stars. 



Au'tocrat. A despotic ruler. 
Autocrat 'ical. Self-supreme. 



Autom'aton. A machine mov- 
ing by itself. 
Au'tograph. A person's own Autoptical. Perceived by one's 
hand writing. own eyes. 

Balldy I throw, I give. 



Ball. A round thing. 
Em'blem. An image or sign. 
Hyper'bole. An exaggeration. 
Hyper'bola. A conic section. 



Parab'ola. 
Par'able. 
Prob'lem. 
Sym'bol. 



A conic section. 
A similitude. 
A question proposed. 
A typical figure. 



Q2 



186 WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 




Baptizo, I dip. 




Bap'tism. One of the Christian 


Catabap'tist. An opponent of 




sacraments, introducing into 


baptism. 




the church. 


Hemerobap'tists. A sect that 




Anabap'tist* One who baptizes 


bathed every day. 




a second time. 


Pedobap'tism. Infant baptism. 




Biblos, a book. 


Bi'ble. The holy scriptures. 


Bibliomania. A rage for pos- 




Bibliog'raphy. A knowledge of 


sessing rare books. 




books. 


Biblioth'ecal. Belonging to a 




Bibliop'olist. A bookseller. 


library. 


Bids, life. 




Biog'raphy. An account of the 


Amphib'ious. Capable of living 




lives of persons. 


'both on land and in water. 




Biol'ogy. The science of ani- 


Cenobit'ical. Living in commu- 




mated nature. 


nity. 




Chei?°, a hand. 




Chirog'raphy. Penmanship. 


Chir'omancy. Fortune-telling 




Chirol'ogy.Talking by the hand. 


by inspecting the hand. 




Christos, anointed. 




Christ. The anointed ; the Sa- 


Chris'tian. A professor of the 




viour. 


religion of Christ. 




Chris'ten. To initiate into 


Christianity. The religion of 




Christianity by baptism. 


Christ. 




Chris'tendom. The whole body 


Christ'mas. The Nativity. 




of Christians. 


Antichrist. The man of sin. 




Chroma, color. 




Chrome. A metal of which 


Chromat'ics. The science of 




many colors are made. 


colors. 




Chromat'ic. Relating to color 


Achromat'ic. Not giving color 




or music. 


to objects. 




CJwojids, time. 




Chron'ic, chron'ical. Of long 


Chronom'eter. An instrument 




duration. 


for measuring time. 




Chron'icle. An account of 


Anach'ronism or metach'ron- 




events in the order of time. 


ism. An error in dates. 




Chronol'ogy. The science of 


Isoch'ronous. Performed in 




adjusting dates. 


equal times. 




Chronog'raphy. Description 


Synchronism. A concurrence 




of past time. 


of events. 





WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



187 



Chrusos, gold. 



Chrys'alis. The state of an in- 
sect before it has wings. 

Chrysan'themum. The corn 
marigold. 



Chrysog'raphy. Writing in gold 

letters. 
Chrys'olite and chrysop'rasus. 

Precious stones. 



Deka, ten. 



Dec'achord. An ancient musical 
instrument with ten strings. 

Dec'ade. The number ten. 

Dec'agon. A plane figure 
having ten sides. 

Dec'alogue. The ten command- 
ments. 



Dec'astich. A poem often lines. 
Dec'astyle. An assemblage of 

ten pillars. 
Undec'agon. A plane figure 

having eleven angles. 
Dodecahe'dron. A solid having 

twelve surfaces. 



Demos, the people. 



The leader of a 



Dem'agogue 

faction. 
Democ'racy. A popular gov 

ernment, a republic. 



Pandem'ic 
people. 

Doxa, glory, opinion. 
Doxol'ogy. A form of giving 

glory to God. 
Het'erodox. Deviating from 

established opinion. 



Endem'ic. Peculiar to a country. 
Epidem'ic. Affecting rnany. 
Incident to a whole 



m opinion 



Or'thodox. Sound 
and doctrine. 

Par'adox. An assertion contra- 
ry to appearance. 



Dromos, a course. 



Drom'edary.A species of camel. 

Di'adrom. The time in which 
a motion is performed. 

Hip'podrome. A race-course. 

Lox'odromics. The art of ob- 
lique sailing by the rhomb. 



Orthodromics. The art of sail- 
ing in a straight course. 

Pal'indrome. A word which is 
the same if read backwards. 

Syn' drome. A concurrent ac 
tion. 



Dunamis, power. 



Dyn'asty. A race of sovereigns. 

Hydrodynam'ics. The science 
which treats of the power and 
velocity of fluids in motion. 



Dynam'ics. The doctrine of 

moving forces. 
Dynamom'eter. An instrument 

to measure animal strength. 



Ergon, work. 
Sur'gery. The art of curing by I Leth'argy. Drowsiness. 

manual operation. Lit'urgy. Form of prayers. 

En'ergy. Force, efficacy. | Urge. To impel. 



188 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Metallurgy. The working of 
metals, or separating them 
from their ores. 



Or'gan. A natural instrument ; 

a musical instrument. 
Organization. Construction. 



Gamos, a marriage. 



Amal'gam. A mixture of me- 
tals. 

Big'amy. Marriage to two at 
the same time. 

Cryptoga'mia. Plants whose 
blossoms are hidden. 



Misog'amist. One who dislikes 
marriage. 

Monog'amist. One who disal- 
lows of second marriages 



Polyg'amy. 
several. 



Ge, the earth. 



Geocen'tric. Having the earth 
for its centre. 

Geode'sia. That part of geome- 
try which relates to the art 
of measuring surfaces. 

Geog'raphy. The knowledge of 
the surface of the earth. 

Geol ' ogy . The doctrine of the 
nature of the earth. 

Geometry. The science of 
magnitude. 



Geor'gic. a. 

culture. 
Geor'gic. w. 
Geopon'ics. 



Marriage with 



Relating to agri- 



A rural poem. 
Agriculture. 
Apogee. That point in the 
orbit of the sun or moon, 
which is farthest from the 
earth. 
Per'igee. That point in the orbit 
of the sun or moon, which is 
. nearest to the earth. 



Gennao, I produce. 



Geneal'ogy. History of the suc- 
cession of families. 

Gen'esis. The account of the 
Creation. 



Heteroge'neous. 

site qualities. 

Homoge'neous. 



Having* oppo- 



Of like nature. 



prin- 



Glot'tis. The head of the wind, 
pipe. 

Epiglot'tis. One of the cartil- 
ages of the windpipe. 

Pol'yglot. Of many languages. 



Hy'drogen. One of the 
ciples of water. 

Ox'ygen. One of the constitu- 
ents of most acids. 

Ni'trogen. One of the constitu- 
ents of the atmosphere. 

Primogen'itor. A forefather. 
Glotta or glossa, the tongue. 

Gloss. A comment ; a lustre. 

Glos'sary. A dictionary of ob- 
scure words. 

Glossog'rapher. A commenta- 
tor. 



Gnoo, I know. 



Gno'mon. The pointer of a 

sun-dial. 
Gnomon 'ics. The art of dialing. 
Diagnos'tic. A symptom. 
Ig'norant. Void of knowledge, 

unlearned. 



Pathognomon'ic. Indicating the 
disease. 

Physiog'nomy. The art of dis- 
cerning the character from 
the features of the face. 

Prognos'tic. A foretoken. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



189 



Gonia, an angle or corner. 



Goniom'eter. An instrument to 
measure the angles of crystals. 
Tri'gon. A triangle. 
Tet'ragon. A four sided figure. 
Pen'tagon. A five sided figure. 
Hex'agon. A six sided figure. 
Hep'tagon. A seven sided figure. 
Oc'tagon. An eight sided figure. 



Non'agon. A nine sided figure. 

Decagon. A ten sided figure. 

Pol'ygon. A figure with many 
sides. 

Diagonal. A line drawn from 
corner to corner. 

Trigonom'etry. The mensura- 
tion of triangles. 



Gramma, a letter. 



Gram'mar. The science of spo- 
ken and written language. 

An'agram. A transposition of 
the letters of a word. 

Di'agram. A mathematical 
drawing. 

Ep'igram. A short poem end- 
ing in a point. 

Grapho, 
Graphical. Well delineated. 
Graph'ite. A mineral used for 

pencils. 
Grave or engrave'. To carve or 

cut pictures, &c. in metal, 

wood, or stone. 
Adenog'raphy. A treatise on 

the glands. 
Anemog'raphy. A description 

of the wind. 
Au'tograph. A person's own 

handwriting. 
Biog'raphy. Personal history. ~ 
Brachyg'raphy. Short hand. 
Calig'raphy. Fair writing. 
Cat'agraph. The first draught 

of a picture. 
Chalcog'raphy. The art of en- 
graving on brass or copper. 
Chorog'raphy. A description of 

particular regions. 
Chromatography. A treatise 

on colors. 



Metagram'matism. The form- 
ation of a word out of the 
letters of another. 

Parallelogram. A four sided 
figure whose opposite sides 
are parallel. 

Pro'gramme. A descriptive ad- 
vertisement. 

I write. 

Cosmog'raphy. A description 
of the world in general. 

Crystallography. A description 
of crystals. 

Ep'igraph. An inscription. 

Geog'raphy. A description of 
the surface of the earth. 

Horog'raphy. The art of dial- 
ing. 

Iconog'raphy. A description 
of statues. 

Lexicog'rapher. A writer of 
dictionaries. 

Lithography. The art of print- 
ing from stone. 

Orthog'raphy. Correct spelling. 

Par'agraph. A distinct part of 
a discourse. 

Scenog'raphy. Perspective. 

Steganog'raphy. The art of se- 
cret writing. 

Stenography. The art of wri- 
ting in short-hand. 



190 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Stereog'raphy. The art of de- 
lineating solids. 

Telegraph. A machine for con- 
veying intelligence to a dis- 
tance. 



Topog'raphy. A description of 
particular places. 

Typography. Art of printing. 

Xylog'raphy. The art of en- 
graving on wood. 



Gumnos, naked, destitute. 



Gymna'sium. A place for ath- 
letic exercises. 

Gymna'stic, Relating to wrest- 
ling, &c. 



Gymnos'ophist. One' of a sect 
of Indian philosophers. 

Gymnosper'mous. Having the 
seeds naked.' 



Gune, a woman. 



Gynan'dria. (Plants) having 

stamens on the pistil. 
Andro'gynal. Having stamens 

and pistils in one flower. 

Hedra, 

Cathe'dral. The head church 
of a diocese. 

San'hedrim. The chief coun- 
cil among the Jews. 

Tetrahe'dron. A solid having 
four faces, all triangles. 

Hexahe'dron. A cube or solid 
with six square faces. 



Monogyn'ia. Having one pistil. 
Polygyn'ia. With many pistils. 
Gyn'archy. Female dominion. 
Misogynist. A woman hater. 

* a seat. 

Octahe'dron. A solid having 

eight faces, all triangles. 
Dodecahe'dron. A solid having 

twelve faces. 
Icosahe'dron. A solid having 

twenty faces, all equilateral 

triangles. 
Polyhe'dron. A solid having 

many faces. 



Helios, the sun. 



Heli'acal. Emerging from, or 

falling into, the solar rays. 
Heliocen'tric. Regarding the 

sun as the centre. 
He'lioscope. An instrument 

for viewing the sun without 

injury to the eyes. 



Aphelion. The point of a plan- 
et's orbit most distant from 
the sun. 

Perihelion. The point in a 
planet's orbit nearest to the 
sun. 

Parhelion. A mock sun. 



* Instead of our letter h, the Greeks employed a mark to denote a 
breathing or aspiration ; but the letter is here used, because it is custom- 
ary in English words derived from the Greek. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



191 



Heteros, dissimilar. 



Het'erarchy. Government by 

a foreigner. 
Het'eroclite. Deviating from 

common rules. 



from 



Het'erodox. Deviatin^ 

established opinion. 
Het'erogeneous. Dissimilar in 

nature. 



Hieros, sacred 

Hierarchy. A sacred govern 

ment ; church establishment 

Hieroglyphic. An emblem. 



Hierol'ogy. A discourse on sa- 
cred things. 
Jeru'salem. The sacred city. 



Homos, like, similar. 

Homoge'neous. Of like nature. I Homon'ymous. Denoting dif- 
Homol'ogous.Proportional, cor- ferent things, equivocal, 
responding. I Homot'onous. Equable. 

Hudor, water. 



Hy'dra. A water monster. 

Hydrau'lics. The science of 
conveying .water or other 
fluids through pipes. 

Hy'drocele. A watery tumor. 

Hydroceph'alus. Water in the 
head. 

Hydrog'rapher. One who draws 
sea charts. 

Hy'dromel. Honey and water. 

Hydropho'bia. Dread of wa- 
ter. 



Hy'drogen. One of the princi- 
ples of water. 

Hy' dropsy or drop'sy. A collec- 
tion of water in the body. 

Hydrostat'ics. The science of 
the weight and motion of 
fluids. 

Hy'drates. Compounds con- 
taining water. 

Anhy'drous. Without water. 

Clep'sydra. An ancient sort of 
clock, or water dial. 



Isos, equal. 
Isos'celes. Having only two 



sides equal. 

Istemi, I stand. 
Sta'men. The foundation. 



Sta'tics. That branch of me- 
chanics which treats of bo- 
dies at rest. 

Statis'tics. The science which 
treats of the strength and re 
sources of a country. 



Isoperimet'rical. Having equal 
circumferences. 

Stasis, a standing. 
Apos'tasy. A departure from 



original profession 
Ec'stasy. Rapture. 
Hydrostat'ics. That branch of 

science which treats of fluids 

at rest. 
Sys'tem. An orderly scheme. 



192 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Kakos, bad. 



Cachec'tical. Having an ill 

habit of body. 
Cacochym'ical. Having the 

humors corrupted. 
Cacode'mon. An evil spirit. 



Cacoe'thes. An inordinate de- 
sire ; an incurable ulcer ; a 
bad habit. 

Cacoph'ony. A bad sound of 
words. 



Car'diac, cardi'acal 

Cardial' gia. The heart-burn 



Kardia, the heart. 

Cordial. | Pericar'dium. A membrane 
containing the heart. 



Kele, a tumor. 

Bron'chocele. A swelling in I Enter'ocele. A rupture, 
the throat. | Hy'drocele. A watery tumor. 



Kephale, the head. 

Cephalalgia. The headache. 
Cephalic. Good for the head. 
Aceph'alist. One who acknow- 
ledges no superior. 
Biceph'alous. Having two heads. 



Buceph'alus. The horse of 
Alexander the great, which 
had a large head. 

Hydroceph'alus. Dropsy in 
the head. 



K8ras. a horn. 



Monoc'eros. The fabled uni- 
corn of the ancients. 



Rhinoc'eros. An animal with 
a horn on his nose. 



Kosmos, the world. 



Cosmog'ony. The creation of 

the world. 
Cosmog'raphy. A description 

of the universe. 
Cosmop'olite. A citizen of the 

world. 



Cos'morama. Views of places 
in various parts of the world. 

Ma'crocosm, meg'acosm. The 
whole world. 

Mi'crocosm. The little world 
in man. 



Kranion, the skull. 



Cra'nium. The skull. 

Craniol'ogy, cranios'copy. The 
inspection of the skull; phren- 
ology. 



Hem'icrany. A pain affecting 
one half only of the head. 

Pericra'nium. The membrane 
that covers the skull. 



m—m 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



193 



Kratos, power, dominion. 



Aristoc'racy, Government by 

the nobility. 
Democ'racy. Government by 

the people ; a republic. 

Krino. 
Crite'rion. A mark to judge by. 
Crit'ic. A judge of literature. 
Crit'ical. Accurate. 
Cri'sis. The decisive point. 
Crit'icism, critique'. Remarks 
by a critic 



Demonoc'racy. The power of 

the devil. 
Au'tocrat. A despotic ruler. 
Theoc'racy. Dominion of God. 

I discern. 
Diacrit'ic. That separates or 

distinguishes. 
Hypercritical. Over critical. 
Hypoc'risy. Dissimulation. 
Oneirocrit'ic. An interpreter 

of dreams. 



Crypt. A subterranean cell. 
Cryptoga'mia. Plants whose 

fructification is concealed. 
Crypt'oiogy. Obscure language. 



" Krupto, I hide. 

Cryptog'raphy. Secret writing. 
Apoc'rypha. Books appended 

to the Bible, but of doubtful 

authority. 



KuMos, a circle. 



Cy'cle. A circle, period of time. 

Cy'cloid. The curve described 
by a point in a wheel (roll- 
ing on a plane surface). 

Epicy'cle. A little circle on the 
circumference of a large one. 

Hemicy'cle. A semicircle. 



Cyclops. Giants feigned to 
have only one circular eye. 

Cyc'lades. A group of islands 
in the Archipelago. 

Cyclopaedia, encyclopaedia. 
The circle of the sciences. 

Cylinder. A roller. 



Lego, I speak or read ; I collect. 



Lexicon. A dictionary. 
An'alects. Select pieces. 
Di'alect. Language. 



Eclec'tic. Selecting. 
El'egy. A funeral song. 
Prolegom'ena. A preface. 



Analep'tic. Comforting. 
Ep'ilepsy. A convulsion 
the body. 



Lepsis, a taking or receiving. 

Cat'alepsy. A lighter species 

of epilepsy or apoplexy. 
Prolep'sis. An anticipation. 

Lithos, a stone. 



of 



Aerolite'. A stone that falls 

from the upper regions. 
Chrys'olite. A precious stone. 
Lith'arge. Vitrified oxide of lead. 



Lithog'raphy. The art of print- 
ing from stone. 

Lithot'omy, lithot'rity. Surgi- 
cal operations for the stone. 



R 



194 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Logos, a word or discourse. 



Logarithms. A series of num- 
bers used for facilitating cal- 
culations. 

Log'ic. The art of reasoning. 

Logom'achy. A war of words. 

Amphibol'ogy. Ambiguity. 

Anal'ogy. Resemblance. 

Antilogy. A contradiction be- 
tween any words. 

Ap'ologue. An allegory. 

Apology. A defence ; an ex- 
cuse. 

Cat'alogue. A list of things. 

Conchol'ogy. The natural his- 
tory of shells. 

Dec'alogue. The ten com- 
mandments. 

Di'alogue. A conversation. 

Entomol'ogy. The natural his- 
tory of -insects. 

Ep'ilogue. A speech at the end 
of a play. 

Etymol'ogy. That part of 
grammar which treats of the 
derivation of words. 

Eu'logy, eulo'gium. Praise. 

Geol'ogy. The science of the 
structure of the earth. 

Ichthyol'ogy. The natural his- 
tory of fishes. 

Mon'ologue. A soliloquy. 

Meteorol'ogy. The doctrine of 
meteors. 

Mythology. An account of 
the heathen deities. 



Neol'ogy. The formation of 
new words. 

Nosol'ogy. A classification of 
diseases. 

Ontol'ogy. The science of the 
affections of beings. 

Ornithology. A description of 
birds. 

Osteol'ogy. Science of bones. 

Paral'ogy. False reasoning. 

Pathol 'ogy. The science of 
diseases. 

Petrol'ogy. The natural his- 
tory of rocks. 

Philology. The science of lan- 
guage ; criticism. 

Phraseology. Mode of speech. 

Phrenology. The art of judg- 
ing of character from the 
shape of the skull. 

Phytology. The natural his- 
tory of plants. 

Prol'ogue. A speech at the 
commencement of a play. 

Psychol 'ogy. A discourse on 
the soul. 

Syllogism. Formal reasoning. 

Tautology. Repetition of the 
same word or meaning. 

Theology. The science of di- 
vinity ; religion. 

Toxicol 'ogy. The science of 
poisons and their remedies. 

Zoology. The natural history 
of animals in general. 



Luo, I dissolve. 



Analysis. A solution of any 
thing into its elements. 

Paralysis, pal'sy. A privation 
of motion or feeling. 



Par'alyze. To render feeble. 

Dial'ysis. The figure by which 
words or syllables are di- 
vided. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Jb\ 



195 



Logom'achy. 
about words. 



Mache, a fight 
A contention 



Monom'achy. A single combat. 
Nau'machy. A sea fight. 



Martur, a witness. 



Mar'tyr. One who by his death 
bears witness to the truth of 
his opinions. 

Mar'tyrdom. Death of a martyr. 



Martyrol'ogy. A registry of 
martyrs. 

Pro'tomartyr. The first mar- 
tyr, Stephen. 



Mathesis, learning. 



Mathematics. The science of 
quantity, embracing what may 
be measured or numbered. 



Phil'omath. A lover of science. 

Polym'athy. The knowledge 

of many arts and sciences. 



31echane, a machine. 



Mechan'ic. 
Mechanics. 

science. 
Mech'anism, 

struction. 



A workman. 
A mathematical 

Complicated con- 



Machine'. A complicated piece 
of workmanship ; an engine. 

Machina'tion. Artifice, con- 
trivance. 

Machinist. A maker of engines. 



Metron. a measure. 



Me'tre. Verse, measure. 
Anemom'eter. A wind mea- 
sure. 
Areom'eter. A measure of 

the density of fluids. 
Barom'eter. An instrument to 

measure the weight of the 

air. 
Diam'eter. A line in a circle 

passing through the centre. 
Dynamom'eter. A measure for 

the strength of animals. 
Eudiom'eter. An instrument 

to measure the purity of the 

air. 
Geom'etry. The science of 

magnitude or extension. 



for 



Goniom'eter. A measure 
the angles of crystals. 

Hydrom'eter. A measure for 
the specific gravity of fluids. 

Hygrom'eter. A measure for 
moisture. 

Pantom'eter. An instrument to 
measure all sorts of angles. 

Perim'eter. The sum of the 
sides of any plane figure. 

Photom'eter. A measure for 
light, 

Pyrom'eter. A measure for in- 
tense heat. 

Sym'metry. Proportion. 

Thermom'eter. An instrument 
to measure degrees of heat. 



196 WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 


Mneme, memory. 

Mnemonics. Art of memory. Am'nesty. An act of o"biivion, 
Mnemos'yne. The goddess of a public pardon.* 
memory. 

MonoSj one. 


Mon'ad. An indivisible thing. 

Mon'arch. A sovereign. 

Monk. A religious recluse. 

Monas'tic, mon'achal. Rela- 
ting to monks. 

Monop'oly. Exclusive power 
to sell. 


Mon'optote; A noun used only 

in one oblique case. 
Mon'osy liable. A word of one 

syllable. 
Monotheism. The belief in 

one God. 
Monot'ony. Sameness of sound. 


Morphe, 

Amorphous. Shapeless. 
Anamor'phosis. Deformation. 
Metamor'phosis. Change of 
form or shape. 


a shape. 

Polymor'phous.Of many shapes 
Pseudomor'phous. Assuming 

a shape that does not belong 

to it. 


Naus,, 

Nau machy. A mock sea-fight. 
Nau'sea. Sea-sickness, squeam- 

ishness. 
Nau'seous. Loathsome. 


a ship^ 

Nau'tical. Relating to ships. 
Nau'tilus. A fish that sails. 
A'eronaut. One who sails 
through the air. 


Nesos, an island. 


Chersone'sus. A peninsula. 
Peloponne'sus. The Morea. 


Polyne'sia. Many groups of 
islands in the Pacific ocean. 


Neuron, a nerve. 


Neurol'ogy. A description of 

the nerves. 
Neurot'omy. Anatomy of the 

nerves. 


An'eurism. A disease of the 

arteries* 
Aponeuro'sis. The expansion 

of a nerve into a membrane. 


Nomos, a } 

Anom'aly. Irregularity. 
An'omy. A breach of law. 
Antino'mian. An enemy to the 

observance of the law. 
Astron'omer. One who studies 

the motions, &c. of the stars. 


aw or rule. 

Deuteron'omy. The second 
book of the law of Moses. 

Econ'omy. Judicious manage- 
ment of household or public 
affairs. 

Nomothetical. Legislative. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



197 



Ode, a poem, a song. 



Ode. A lyric poem. 
Com'edy. A play exposing the 

lighter follies of mankind. 
Ep'isode. A digression. 
Ep'ode. The last part of an ode. 
Il'iad- A poem upon the siege 

of Ilium or Troy. 
Mon'ody. A poem in which a 

person vents his grief. 



Mel'ody. Sweetness of sound. 

Pal'inode. A recantation. 

Par'ody. Adaptation of a com- 
position to a new subject. 

Pros'ody. The laws of verse. 

Psal'mody. Psalm singing. 

Rhap'sody. An unconnected 
effusion. 

Trag'edy. A serious play. 



Odds, a way. 

Meth'od. Orderly arrangement. I Syn'od. A church assembly. 
Pe'riod. A portion of time. | Ex'odus. Journey from a place. 

Oikesis, a dwelling. 



Di'ocese. The jurisdiction of 

a bishop. 
Paro'chial. Of a parish. 



Anon'ymous. Without a name, 

unknown. 
Homon'ymous. Denominating 

different things, equivocal. 
Meton'ymy. Putting one word 

figuratively for another. 



Econ'omy. Judicious manage 
ment of household or public 
affairs. 



Paron'ymous. Resembling an- 
other word. 

Patronym'ic. A name derived 
from ancestors. 

Synon'ymous. Having the same 
meaning. 



Optomai, I see. Ops, the eye. 



Op'tics. The science of vision. 
Oph'thalmy. Inflammation of 

the eyes. 
Au'topsy. Ocular proof. 
Cyclops. Giants feigned to 

have only one circular eye. 
My'opy. Shortness of sight. 



Catop' tries. The science of 

reflected light. 
Diop' tries. The science of 

refracted light, 
Nye ' talo ps . One who sees best 

at night. 
Synop'sis. A general view. 



Orama, a view. 



Diora'ma. The name of an ex- 
hibition in which the effects 
of light and shade are advan- 
tageously displayed. 



Cosmora'ma. Views of places in 
various parts of the world. 

Panora'ma. A circular paint- 
ing without beginning or end. 



R2 



198 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Orthos, correct, right. 



Or'thodox. Sound in opinion. 

Or'thoepy. The art of pro- 
nouncing words properly. 

Orthol'ogy. A correct descrip- 
tion of things. 

Osteon, 
Oste'ocolla. A kind of spar 
used for bringing on a callus 
in broken bones. 



Orthog'raphy. The art of spell- 
ing properly. 

Orthop'neea. A disorder in 
which, the person can only 
breathe when upright. 

a bone. 
Osteology. A description of 

the bones. 
Perios'teum. The membrane 

that covers the bones. 



Oste'ocope. Pain in the bones. 

Oxus, sharp, acid. 

Ox'ide. A substance containing I Ox'ymel. A mixture of vine- 
oxygen, gar and honey. 

Ox'ygen. The generator of Ox'ytone. An acute accent, 
acids ; vital air. | Par'oxysm. A fit. 

Pais, paidos, a boy. 
Ped'agogue. A teacher of boys. | Pedobap'tism, Infant baptism. 



Pan, all. 



Panace'a. A universal medicine. 
Pancrat'ical. Excelling in all 

the gymnastic exercises. 
Pan'creas. The sweet-bread. 
Pan'dect. Digest of the law. 
Pandem'ic. Incident to a whole 

people. 



Panegyr'ic. Public praise. 
Panoply. Complete armor. 
Panthe'on. The temple of all 

the heathen gods. 
Pan'tograph. An instrument for 

copying. 
Pan'tomime. A dumb show. 



Pathos, passion, feeling. 



Pathet'ic. Affecting the passions. 

Pathognomon'ic. Indicating 
the disease. 

Pathol'ogy. The science of dis- 
eases. 



Antip'athy. A dislike. 
Apathy. Want of feeling. 
Sym'pathy. Fellow feeling. 
Monop'athy. Solitary sens 
bility. 



Petalon, a leaf. 



Pe'tals. The colored leaves of 
flowers. 

Pet'alism. Banishment by writ- 
ing on an olive leaf. 

Apet'alous. Without flower 
leaves. 



but 



Monopet'alous. Having 

one flower leaf. 
Bipet'alous. Having two flower 

leaves. 
Poly pet' alous. Having many 

petals. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



199 



Petros, a stone, a rock. 
Pe'ter. The name given to one { Petres'cent. Becoming stone, 
of the apostles. j Pet'rify. To change to stone. 

Pe f tre. Nitre, salt-petre. | Petro'leum. Rock oil. 

Phago, I eat. 



Anthropoph'agi. Men -eaters 
CEsoph'agus. The gullet. 

Phaino, I show or appear 

Pha'sis. Appearance of the Em'phasis. 
moon, &c. 

Phan'tasm,phan'tom. A fancied 
appearance. 

Phantasmago'ria. Representa- 
tions by a magic lantern. 

Phenomenon. Remarkable ap- 
pearance. 

Diaphanous. Transparent. 



Sarcoph'agus. A tomb, where 
the body is consumed. 



Particular stress 
upon a word in a sentence. 

Fant'asy, fan'cy. Imagination. 

Phce'bus. The sun. 

Phoe'be. The moon. 

Syc'ophant. An obsequious 
flatterer. • 

Proph'asis. A foreknowledge 
of diseases. 



PharmaMn, a remedy. 



Phar'macy. The preparation 

of medicines ; the trade of 

an apothecary. 
Pharmaceutical. Relating to 

remedies. 
Pharmacol'ogy. The knowledge 

of drugs. 

Phemi 
Blaspheme'. To revile God. 
Proph'esy. To foretell. 



Pharmacopoe'ia. A book con- 
taining rules for compound- 
ing medicines. 

Pharmacop'olist. A seller of 
drugs, an apothecary. 

Alexiphar'mic. That drives 
away poison. 

I say. 

Eu'phemism. An inoffensive 
account of an offensive thing. 



Phero, I bear. 



Electroph'orus. An instrument 
for producing electricity. 

Met'aphor. The figurative use 
of a word. 

Periph'ery. Circumference. 



Paraphernalia. Goods in a 
wife's disposal. 

Phos'phorus. A very inflam- 
mable substance. 

Zeph'yr. A calm, soft wind. 



Philos, a lover. 



Philadelphia. Brotherly love. 
Philan'thropy. Love of man- 
kind, benevolence. 
Philologist. A grammarian. 



Philomel. The nightingale. 
Philos'ophize. To search into 

the causes of things* 
Phil'ter. To love, to charm. 



200 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Phone, a sound 

Pho'nics, phonology. The doc- 
trine of sounds. 

Phonocamp'tic. Turning and 
altering sound. 

An'tiphon. An echo or response. 

Aph'ony. The loss of voice. 

Cacoph'ony. A bad sound. 

Eu'phony. A pleasing sound. 



Dys'phony. A difficulty of 
speech. 

Polyph'onism. A multiplicity 
of sound. 

Sym'phony. Music played be- 
tween verses. 

Tautoph'ony. A repetition of 
the same sound. 



Phos'phor. The morning star. 
Phos'phorus. A very inflam- 
mable substance. 



PJigs, light. 

Photom'eter. An instrument 
to measure the intensity of 
light. 



Phrasis, a phrase. 

Phrase. A mode of speech, j Met'aphrase 
Phraseol'ogy. Style, diction. 
Antiph'rasis. The use of words 

in a sense opposite to their 

proper meaning. 



Paraphrase. 
Per'iphrase. 



A close version. 
A loose version. 
To express one 



word by many. 
j Periph'rasis. Circumlocution. 



Phren, phrenos, the mind. 



Phreni'tis. Inflammation of the 

brain. 
Phrenet'ic, fran'tic. Inflamed 

in the brain, mad. 
Phren'sy. Madness. 



Phrenol'ogy. The science which 
professes to determine the 
disposition and qualities of 
the mind by the form of the 
skull. 



Phuo, I produce. Phusis, nature. 



Phys'ics. 
Physical. 



Natural philosophy. 
Natural, not moral. 



Physicotheol'ogy. Divinity il- 
lustrated by physics. 

Phytol'ogy. The natural his- 
tory of plants. 



Phys'ic. Medicine. 

Physiog'nomy. The art of dis- 
cerning character from the 
features of the face. 

Physiol'ogy. The doctrine of 
the works of nature. 



Plasso, I form, I daub over. 



Plas'ter. A sort of mortar to 
spread on walls, a salve. 

tic. Having the power to 
give form. 



Cat'aplasm. A poultice, a soft 

plaster. 

Met'aplasm. A transposition. 
Protoplasmic. First formed. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



201 



Pned, I breathe, 

Pneumat'ics. The science of 
the air and other gases. 

Pneumatol'ogy. The doctrine 
of spiritual existence. 



pneuma, wind. 

Dyspnoe'a. Hardness of breath. 

Orthop'ncea. A disorder in 
which the person can only 
breathe when upright. 



Poled, I sell. 



Bibliop'olist. 
Monop'oly. 



A bookseller. 
Exclusive sale. 



Pharmacop'olist. One who sells 
medicines, a druggist. 



Polls, a city. 



Pol'icy. The art of government. 

Pol'itic. Versed in affairs, pru- 
dent. 

Pol'itics. The science of gov- 
ernment. 

Polit'ical. Pertaining to gov- 
ernment. » 

Pol'ity. Form of government, 
policy. 

Police'. The internal manage- 
ment of a country. 

Constantino'ple. Constantine's 
city, formerly Byzantium. 



Cosmop'olite. A citizen of the 
world. 

Decap'olis. A district contain- 
ing ten cities. 

Heliop'olis. The city of the sun. 

Metrop'olis. The chief city of 
a country. 

Neapoli'tan. Relating to the 
city of Naples. 

Prop'olis. The substance with 
which bees stop up the hive. 

Trip'oli. A district containing 
three cities. 



Polus, many. 



Polyacou'stic. Multiplying 

sounds. 

Polyan'thus. A plant with 
many flowers. 

Polyg'amy. Plurality of wives. 

Pol'ygon. A plane figure hav- 
ing many sides. 

Pol'yglot. Of many languages. 

Polyhe'dron. A solid having 
many faces. 



of 



Polyne'sia. Many groups 

islands in the Pacific. 
Polypet'alous. Having many 

flower leaves. 
Pol'ypous. Having many feet 

or roots. 
Pol'yspermous. Having many 

seeds. 
Polysyllable. A word of many 

syllables. 



Potamos, a river. 



Potamol'ogy. A description of 

rivers. 
Hippopot'amus.The river horse. 



Mesopota'mia. The country 
between the rivers Euphrates 
and Tigris. 



202 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Pons, podos, a foot. 



Podag'rical. Gouty. 

Antip'odes. People who are on 
the other side of the globe, 
and have their feet opposite 
to ours. 



Pol'ypus. Any thing with many 

feet or roots. 
Polypody.^ A plant. 
Tri'pod. a seat or stand with 

three feet. 



Protos, first. 



Prota'sis. The first part of an 

ancient play. 
Prothon'otary. A clerk of a 

court. 



Pro'tocol. A record. 
Pro'toplast, pro'totype. Origin- 
al of a copy. 



Ap'tera. Wingless insects. 
Coleop'tera. Sheath winged. 
Dip'tera. With two wings. 
Hemip'tera. With half wings 



Pteron, a wing. 

Hymenop'tera. With mem- 
braneous wings. 
Lepidop'tera. With scaly wings. 
Neurop'tera. With nervy wings. 



Pur, fire. 



Pyr'amid. A solid of several 
sides and a pointed top. 

Pyre. A .pile to be burnt. 

Pyr'enees. Mountains between 
France and Spain. 

Pyri'tes. Fire stone. 

Pyrol'atry. Adoration of fire. 



Pyrolig'neous. Made from 
burnt wood. 

Pyrom'eter. An instrument to 
measure intense heat. 

Pyrotech'nics. The art of ma- 
king fire-works. 

Empyr'eal. Highly refined. 



Rheo, I flow. 



Catarrh'. A cold in the head. 
Diarrhoe'a. A flux of the body. 
Rheum. A humor oozing from 

the glands of the mouth. 
Rheum'atism. A painful disease 

about the joints. 



Rhetoric. The art of speaking 
with elegance and force. 

Res'in. A substance that flows 
from some vegetables, and 
hardens in the air. 

Rhine. A river of Germany. 



Sarco'ma. A fleshy excrescence. 
Sarcoph'agus. A tomb. 
Sarcoph'agy. The practice of 
eating flesh. 



Sarx, flesh. 

Sarcot'ic. A medicine that fills 
up ulcers with flesh. 

Anasarca. A dropsy of the 
whole body. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



203 



Skia, a shadow. 



Amphis'cii. People whose shad- 
ows at different seasons go 
both ways. 

Antis'cii. People in different 
hemispheres, whose shadows 
at noon are opposite ways. 

SJcoped, I see 



Heteros'cii. Inhabitants of the 

temperate zones. 
Asc'ii. People who sometimes 

have no shadow. 
Peris'cii. People whose shadows 

turn all round. 



Scope. Aim, space, liberty. 

Anem'oscope. An instrument 
to foretell changes of wind. 

Cranios'copy. The inspection 
of the skull ; phrenology. 

Epis'copacy. Church govern- 
ment by bishops. 

He'lioscope. An instrument to 
look at the sun without hurt- 
ing the eye. 

Microscope. A glass to look 
at small things. 



Soph'ism. A fallacy. 
Sophisticate. To adulterate. 
Soph'istry. Specious reasoning 



Hor'oscope. The configuration 
of the planets at the hour of 
any one's birth. 

Kalei'doscope. An instrument 
exhibiting an indefinite va- 
riety of beautiful forms. 

Pol'yscope. A glass cut so as 
to multiply objects. 

Telescope. A glass to view 
distant objects. 

Uranos'copy. Contemplation 
of the heavenly bodies. 

Sophia, wisdom. 

Gymnos'ophists. A sect of 

Indian philosophers. 
Philos'ophy. Natural science. 



Sphaira, a sphere. 



Sphere. A globe, a ball. 
Spheric'ity. Roundness. 
Sphe'roid. A body resembling 

a sphere. 
Spherule. A little globe. 



At'mosphere. The air that sur- 
rounds the earth. 

Hemisphere. Half a globe. 

Plan'isphere. A map of a 
hemisphere. 



Stello, I send, I draw. 



Apos'tle. A messenger or mis- 
sionary. 

Dias'tole. The dilatation of the 
heart. 



Epis'tle. A letter ; a writing 

sent. 
Sys'tole. The contraction of the 

heart. 



Stichos, a line or verse. 



Acros'tic, A poem, in which 
the first letters of every line 
make up a name. 

Dis'tich, A couple of lines. 

Hem'istich. Half a verse. 



Mon'ostic. A single verse. 
Tel'estic. A poem where the 

final letters of each line 

make up a name. 
Dec'astich. A ten-line poem. 



204 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



Of 



Stro'phe. A stanza. 
Antis'trophe. The second 

every three stanzas. 
Apos'trophe. A turning from 

the main subject to another. 



Strophe, a turning. 

Catas'trophe. The final event 
of a play, &c 

Epis'trophe. The concluding of 
each member of a sentence 
with the same affirmation. 



Cen'otaph. A monument 
one buried elsewhere. 



Taphos, a tomb 
for I Ep'itaph. 



a tomb. 



An inscription upon 



Techne, art or science. 



Tech'nical. Peculiar to the arts 

and sciences. 
Technology. A discourse upon 

the arts. 

Thema, a thing put. 

Theme. The subject of an ar- 
gument. 

Anath'ema. A curse. 

The'sis. A proposition for dis- 
cussion. 

Antithesis. Opposition. 



Polytechnic. Relating to many 

arts and sciences. 
Pyrotech'nist. A maker of fire 

works. 

Thesis, a position. 

Ep'ithet. An adjective. 
Hypothesis. A supposition. 
Nomothetical. Legislative. 
Paren'thesis. A clause within 

a sentence. 
Syn 'thesis. The act of joining. 



Theos, God. 



The'ism. The belief in God, 
but not in revelation ; deism. 

Theoc'racy. Government by 
God himself. 

Theol'ogy. Divinity. 

Theom'achy. Opposition to 
the divine will. 

Theosoph'ical. Divinely wise. 

Apothe'osis. A deification. 



A'theist. One who says there 
is no God. 

Monothe'ism. The belief in 
one God. 

Panthe'on. A temple dedicated 
to all the Gods. 

Polythe'ism. A belief in a plu- 
rality of gods. 

Theoph'ilus. A lover of God. 



Anat'omy. Dissection. 
Angiot'omy.A cutting of vessels. 
Apot'ome. A remainder. 
Arteriot'omy. Letting blood 
from an artery. 



Tome, a section or cutting 



At'om. A small particle that 

cannot be divided. 
Bronchot'omy. The operation 

of cutting the windpipe. 
Cystotomy. Cutting a tumor. 



WORDS DERIVED FROM GREEK ROOTS. 



205 



Entomol'ogy. The natural his- 
tory of insects. 
Epit'omise. To abstract, to 



abridge, to reduce. 



Epit'ome. An abridgement. 
Lithot'omy. The operation of 

cutting for the stone. 
Neurotomy. Anatomy of the 

nerves. 



Pharyngot'omy. Making an 

incision into the windpipe. 
Phlebot'omy. Letting blood 

from a vein. 
Stereot'omy. The art of cutting 

solids. 
Trichot'omy. Division into 

three parts. 
Zoot'omy. Dissection of beasts. 



Tonos. 
Tone. Sound ; elasticity. 
Ton'ic, ton'ical. Strengthening; 

relating to tones or sound. 
Bar' y tone. A grave accent on 

the last syllable. 
Diaton'ic. Music proceeding 

by tones* 

Topos, a place 



a tone. 

Detonate. To explode. 

Intona'tion. The manner of 

sounding. 
Monot'ony. Uniform sound. 
Ox'ytone. An acute accent on 

the last syllable. 
Sem'itone. Half a tone. 



To' parch. The principal man 
in a place. 

Top'ical. Confined to a par- 
ticular place. 

Tupos, 

Type. An emblem ; 
ing letter. 

Typ'ocosmy. A representation 
of the world. 

Typography. The art of let- 
ter-press printing. 

Typ'ical. Figurative of some- 
thing else. 



Top'ic. A general head. 
Topog'raphy. Description of 

a place. 
Uto'pian. Fanciful, ideal. 



a figure, a pattern, 
a print 



Typ'ify. To figure, to show in 

emblem. 
An'titype. That of which the 

type is the representation. 
Ar'chetype or pro'totype. The 

original of a copy. 
Ste'reotype. Solid type-metal 

plates to print from. 



Zoon, an animal. 



Zo'diac. The apparent path of 
the sun, which is divided into 
twelve signs named from ani- 
mals, &c. 

Zoog'raphy, zool'ogy. A de- 
scription of animals. 

Zoot'omist. A dissector of ani- 
mals. 



Zooph'orus. A part of the cor- 
nice having figures of ani- 
mals carved on it. 

Zo'ophytes. Substances par- 
taking of the nature of ani- 
mals and vegetables. 

A'zote. A principle that de- 
stroys animal life. 




206 


SYNONYMOUS WORDS. 




The first of each three being derived from Greek, the second from 


Latin, 


and the third being plain 


English. 


Amnesty- 


oblivion 


forgetfulness 


Amorphous 


informal 


shapeless 


Analogy 


correspondence 


likeness 


Anatomy 


dissection 


a cutting up 


Anomalous 


irregular 


lawless 


Apology 


excuse 


plea 


Apostle 


missionary 


messenger 


Baptize 


immerse 


dip 


Bibliopolist 


librarian 


bookseller 


Bishop 


supervisor 


overlooker 


Catalogue 


inventory 


list 


Cataract 


cascade 


waterfall 


Chronicle 


permanent 


lasting 


Democracy 


republic 


commonwealth 


Dialogue 


conversation 


talk 


Didactic 


preceptive 


teaching 


Doxology 


glorification 


praise 


Dynasty 


dominion 


power 


Epitome . 


abstract 


abridgement 


Elliptical 


oval 


egg-shaped 


Esophagus 


gullet 


throat 


Eucharist 


sacrament 


holy supper 


Eulogize 


commend 


praise 


Gnomon 


index 


pointer 


Graphite 


plumbago 


black-lead 


Lexicon 


dictionary 


word-book 


Metamorphose 


transform 


change 


Monarchical 


regal 


kingly 


Parable 


similitude 


likeness 


Pathetic 


affecting 


feeling 


Phenomenon 


appearance 


sight 


Phosphor 


Lucifer 


light-bearer 


Physical 


medicinal 


healing 


Polyglot 


multilingual 


of many tongues 


Prophesy 


predict 


foretell 


Rhetoric 


oratory 


fine speaking 


Sphere 


globe 


ball 


Sympathy 


compassion 


fellow-feeling 


Tautology 


repetition 


a saying again 


Tetragon 


quadrangle 


a square 


Theology 


divinity 


religion 


Tone 


sound 


noise 



GKEEK AND LATIN NOUNS. 



207 



GREEK AND LATIN NOUNS 

Which are often used in English, loith their original Plurals. 



Singular. 

ris 

Phasis 

Oasis 

Emphasis 

Thesis 

Antithesis 

Hypothesis .... 

Di&resis 

Crisis 

Analysis 

Metamorphosis . 
Ellipsis ...... 

Aphis ........ 

Chrysalis 

Apsis 

Ephemeris . . . < 

Ephemeron .... 

Automaton 

Phenomenon. . . 

Criterion 

Dogma 

Miasma 

Erratum 

Stratum 

Desideratum . . 

Datum 

Memorandum. . 
Addendum .... 
Corrigendum . . 
Animalculum. . 

Speculum 

Arcanum 

Medium . . 

Momentum 
Encomium 
Effluvium . 
Radius . . . 
Nucleus . . 
Genius . . . 
Focus .... 
Stimulus . . 
s . . . 



GREEK. Plura 

A foundation or base Bases. 

The appearance or face of the moon, &c. Phases. 

A fertile spot in a desert Oases. 

Particular stress upon a word Emphases. 

A proposition or theme Theses. 

Opposition or contrast Antitheses. 

A supposition or theory Hypotheses. 

The disjunction of vowels Diareses. 

The decisive point Crises. 

The solution of any compound Analyses. 

A transformation or change Metamorphoses. 

An omission ; also an oval .......... Ellipses. 

A minute insect on plants Aphides. 

The second state of an insect Chrysalides. 

A point in a planet's orbit Apsides. 

An almanac with the daily places of/ P , . 7 . 

the planets, &c. \ E ^rnendes. 

A sort of fly that lives but one day. . . Ephemera. 

A self-moving machine Automata. 

An appearance Phenomena. 

A mark to judge by Criteria. 

A doctrinal notion Dogmata. 

Atoms arising from putrefying bodies Miasmata. 

LATIN. 

A mistake Errata. 

A layer or bed Strata. 

A thing much wanted Desiderata. 

Positions, &c. given or admitted Data. 

Something to be remembered Memoranda. 

Something to be added Addenda. 

Something to be corrected Corrigenda. 

A minute insect, an animalcule Animalcula. 

A mirror or looking-glass Specula. 

A secret Arcana. 

Any substance through which light, ) ,«- *. 

Force of motion Momenta. 

Praise, commendation Encomia. 

Minute particles flying off from bodies Effluvia. 

The semidiameter of a circle Radii. 

A kernel Nuclei. 

An aerial spirit Genii. 

The point where rays meet Foci. 

A goad or incitement Stimuli. 

A wise man Magi. 

A mushroom or toadstool Fungi. 



208 



GREEK AND LATIN NOUNS, 



Singular. LATIN. Plural. 

Index An algebraical sign Indices. 

Apex A tip or point Apices. 

Vertex The top of any thing . Vertices. 

Vortex A whirlpool . Vwtices. 

Calx A cinder . Calces. 

Appendix Something added Appendices 

Radix A root . - , . . Radices. 

As A Roman pound - - . Asses* 

Axis That on which any thing revolves .... Axes. 

Fascis A bundle of sticks Fasces. 

Amanuensis. . . A private Secretary Amanuenses. 

Ignis fatuus . . Will-with-the-wisp Ignes fatui. 

Aurora Boredlis The northern light Aurora Boredles 

Lamina A thin plate or coat Lamina. 

Minutia A minute particular Minutia. 

Nebula A cloudy appearance Nebula. 

Formula A prescribed form Formula. 

Stamen A fine thread in a flower Stamina. 

Genus A kind or sort Genera. 

Viscus An intestine or entrail Viscera. 



LATIN AND FRENCH WORDS AND PHRASES, 

Which are frequently employed by English writers. 



LATIN WOEDS. 



Note. Tlie letter e must be sounded at the end of these. 



Aborigines. The original inhabit- 
ants of a country. 

Alias. Otherwise. 

Alibi. Elsewhere. 

Anglice. In English. 

Apparatus. Tools, &c. 

Census. A numbering of the people. 

Dele. Expunge. 

Detritus. Broken remains. 

Equilibrium. Equality of weight. 

Ergo^ Therefore. 
. Excerpta. Extracts. 

Exuvia. Cast skins of animals. 

Exit. Departure. 

Extempore. Unpremeditated. 
! Facetia. Witty sayings. 
I Fiat. Let it be done. 

Finis. The end. 

Gratis. For nothing. 

Hiatus. An opening or gap. 

Impetus. Tendency to motion. 

Imprimatur. Let it be printed. 

Impromptu. An unpremeditated 
composition. 

Imprimis. In the first place. 



Interim. In the mean time. 
Interregnum. The time between 

two reigns. 
Item. Also. 

Manes. Departed spirits. 
Maximum. The greatest quantity 
Minimum. The least quantity. 
Memorabilia. Remarkable events. 
Omnes. All. 
Omnibus. For alL 
Onus. A burden. 
Passim. Everywhere. 
Quondam. Formerly. 
Recipe. A medical prescription. 
Resurgam. I shall rise again. 
Seriatim. In regular order. 
Simile. A comparison. 
Syllabus. Heads of a lecture 
Vacuum. An empty space. 
Vale I Farewell ! 
Verbatim. Word for word. 
Veto. I forbid it. 
Via,. By the way of. 
Vice. In the place of. 
Vulgo. Commonly. 



&c. 



LATIN PHRASES. 



209 



Ab initio. From the beginning. 
Ad captandum vulgus. To catch 

the crowd. 
Ad infinitum. Without end. 
Ad libitum. At pleasure. 
Ad valorem. According to value. 
A fortiori. With stronger reason. 
A priori. From a former reason. 
A posteriori. From a latter reason. 
Argumentum ad hominem. A per- 
sonal argument. 
Audi alteram partem. Hear both 

sides. 
Bona fide. In good faith. 
Cacoethes scribendi. A fondness for 

writing. 
Caput mortuum. The worthless 
remains. 

Cateris paribus. Other things be- 
ing the same. 

Compos mentis. Of sound mind. 

Cornu copia. The horn of plenty. 

Cui bono ? For what good ? 

Cum multis aliis. With many others. 

Cum privilegio. With privilege. 

Dei gratia. By the grace of God. 

De novo. Over again. 

Desunt ccetera. The rest are want- 
ing. 

Dramatis persona. The characters 
represented in a play. 

Durante placito. During pleasure. 

Exeunt omnes. They all go off. 

Ex officio. Officially. 

Ex parte. On one. side. 

Fac simile. An exact copy. 

Fel& de se. A self-murderer. 

In forma pauperis. As a pauper. 

In limine. At the outset. 

In propria persona. In his own 
person. 

In statu quo. In the former state. 

In terrorem. As a warning. 

In toto. Entirely. 

Ipse dixit. Mere assertion. 

Ipso facto. By the fact itself. 

Jure humano. By human law. 

Jus gentium. The law of nations. 

Lex talionis. The law of retaliation. 

Licentia vaium. Poetical license. 

Locum tenens. A substitute. 

Magna charta. (karta). The great 
charter. 

Meum et tuum. Mine and thine. 



Memento mori. Remember that 

thou must die. 
Mirabile dictu. Strange to say. 
Multum in parvo. A great deal in 

a small space. 
Ne plus ultra. The greatest extent. 
Ne quid nimis. Too much of one 
- thing is good for nothing. 
Nisi dominus frustra. Unless the 
Lord be with us, our efforts are 
vain. 
Nolens volens. Willing or not. 
Per se. By itself. 
Posse comitatus. The civil force of 

the county. 
Prima facie. At first view. 
Primum mobile. The first mover. 
Pro aris et focis. For our altars 

and homes. 
Pro bono publico. For the public 

good. 
Pro et con. For and against. 
Pro forma. For form's sake. 
Pro rege, lege et grege. For the 

king, constitution, and people. 
Pro tempore et loco. For the time 

and place. 
Quantum sufficit. A sufficient quan- 
tity. 
Quo animo. In what temper. 
Res publica. The common weal. 
Rex et reglna. The king and queen. 
Scandalum magnatum. A libel upon 

the great. 
Senatus consultum. A decree of the 

senate. 
Sine die. Without fixing the day. 
Sine qua non. An indispensable 

condition. 
Sub poena. Under a penalty. 
Sui generis. Singular, unique. 
Summum bonum. The chief good. 
Toties quoties. As often as. 
Tria juncta in uno. Three joined 

in one. 
Una voce. With one voice. 
Utile dulci. The useful with the 

agreeable. 
Vade mecum. A constant compan- 
ion. 
Veluti in speculum. As in a looking- 
glass. 
Vice versa. The reverse. 
Viva voce. With the living' Voice. 



S2 



210 



FRENCH WORDS. 



FRENCH WORDS. 



Amateur, (ah mah tur'). An admirer. 

Amour, (ah moor'). A love affair. 

Bagatelle, (bag at ell'). A trifle. 

Beau. (bo). A fashionable man. 

Belle, (bell). A fashionable woman. 

Boudoir, (boo d'war'). A private 
room. 

Bulletin. A daily report. 

Bureau, (bu ro'). An office desk. 

Canaille, (can ile'). The rabble. 

Champi.tr e. Rural. 

Chateau, (shah to'). A country-seat. 

Ci-devant. Formerly. 

Clique, (kleek). A party or faction. 

Connoisseur, (kon nay sur'). A skil- 
ful judge. 

Contour. Outline of a figure. 

Corps, (kore). A body of men. 

Cortege, (kor tazhe'). A train of 

i attendants. 

Coterie, (ko ter ee'). A company. 

Coup. (koo). A stroke or blow. 

Debris, (dai bree'). Broken remains. 

Debut, (dai ba'). First appearance. 

Denouement. The unravelling of a 
plot. 

Devoir, (dev war'). Duty. 

Depot, (dai po'). A store or maga- 
zine. 

Dishabille, (de zah bif yai). An un- 
dress. 

Domicile, (dom e seel'). Abode. 

Douceur, (doo sur'). A bribe or pre- 
sent. 

Eclaircissement. An explanation. 

Eclat, (ai klah'). Splendor. 

Ettve. (ai lave'). A pupil. 

Embonpoint. Jolly, plump. 

Embouchure. The mouth of a river. 

Encore. Again. 

Ennui, (ah noo e'). Wearisomeness. 

Entree. Entrance. 

Envelope. A cover. 

Epaulette, (ai po lett'). A shoulder- 
knot. 

Estafette. (es tah fet'). An express. 

Etiquette, (ai te kett'). Ceremony. 

Fagade. (fah sad'). Front. 

FUe. (fate). A feast or festival. 

Fracas, (frah kah'). A squabble. 



Gendarmes, (zhon darm'). Soldiers. 

Gout. (goo). Taste. 

Hauteur, (ho tur'). Haughtiness. 

Levee, (luh vai'). A morning assem- 
bly at court. 

Liqueur, (le kur'). A cordial. 

Manoeuvre . (mah nuh' vr). A trick. 

Messieurs, (maf se uh.) Gentle- 
men ; used as the plural of Mr. 

Mignonette, (min yo net'). A sweet- 
smelling flower. 

Naivete, (nah eev tay/). Ingenuous- 
ness. 

Nonchalance. Indifference. 

Nonpareil. Matchless. 

Outre, (oo trai'). Preposterous- 

Parole, (par ole'). Word of promise 

Parterre. (par tare'). A flower- 
garden. 

Patois, (pat waw'). Provincialism. 

Penchant. Inclination. 

Prairie, (pra' ree). Meadow land. 

Protege, (pro tai zha'). One that is 
patronized. 

Ragout, (rah goo'). A highly sea- 
soned dish. 

Rencontre. An unexpected meeting. 

Rendezvous. Place of meeting. 

Reservoir, (rai zair vwor'). A re- 
serve of water, &c. 

Restaurateur, (res to rah tur'). A 
tavern-keeper. 

Rouge, (roozh). Red paint. 

Ruse, (rooze). A stratagem. 

Sans. Without. 

Savant. A learned man. 

Sobriquet, (so bre kai'). A nickname. 

Soi-disant. Pretended, self-styled. 

Soiree, (swaw rai'). An evening 
party. 

Souvenir, (soovneer'). Remembrance. 

Suite, (sweet). Retinue, series. 

Surtout. (soor too'). An outer coat. 

Tapis, (tah pee'). The carpet. 

Tirade, (te rad'). A volley. 

Toilette, (twaw lett'). A dressing 
table. 

Tour, (toor.) A journey. 

Trait, (tray). A feature. 

Unique, (u neek'). Singular. 



FRENCH PHRASES. 



211 



FRENCH PHRASES. 

Aide de camp, (aid duh kang'). Assistant to a general. 

A la mode, (ah lah. mode'). In the fashion. 

A propos. (ap pro po'). Seasonably, by the bye. 

Beau monde. (bo moand'). The gay world. 

Belles lettres. (bel laytr'). Polite literature. 

Billet doux. (beel' yai doo). A love-letter. 

Bon grc, mal gre. With good or ill will. 

Bon mot. A witticism. 

Bon ton. High fashion. 

Bon vivant. A high liver. 

Cap a pie. (kap ah pee'). From head to foot. 

Carte blanche, (kart blansh'). Unconditional terms. 

Chef d'oeuvre. (shay duhvr.) A masterpiece. 

Chevaux defrise. (shev' o duh freez'). A sort of spiked fence. 

Comme il faut. (kom il fo'). As it should be. 

Conge" dHlire. Permission to elect. 

Coup de grace, (koo duh grace')* The finishing stroke. 

Coup de main, (koo duh maing'). A bold stroke. 

Coup d'oeil. (koo duhyf). A glance of the eye. 

Dejeuner a la fourchette. (dai' zheu nai ah lah foor' shate). A breakfast 

with meat, fowls, &c. 
Dernier ressort. (dairn' yai res sor'). A last resource. 
Dieu et mon droit. God and my right. 
Double entendre. Double meaning 
Entre nous. Between ourselves. 
Faux pas. (fo pah'). A fault ; misconduct. 

Feu de joie. (fuh duh zhwaw'). A discharge of fire-arms at a rejoicing. 
Fille de chambre. (feeyl duh shambr'). A chamber-maid. 
Honi soit qui mal y pense. (ho ne swaw' ke mal e pahnse'). Evil be to 

him that evil thinks. 
Hors de combat. Disabled. 
Je ne sgais quoi. I know not what. 
Jeu d\sprit. (zheu des pree'). A witticism. 
Jeu de mots, (zheu duh mo'). A play upon words. 
Mattre dlibtel. (maytr do tel'). A tavern-keeper. 
Mauvaise honte. (mo vai zonte'). False modesty, bashfulness. 
Nom de guerre. An assumed name. 
On dit. A flying report. 
Fetit mditre. (pte' maytr'). A fop. 
Qui vive. (kee veev'). Look out. 

Ruse de guerre, (rooz duh gair). A stratagem of war. ' 
Sang froid. Coolness, indifference. 
Tete a tete. (tait ah tait). A private conversation. 
Tout ensemble. The whole. 

Valet de chambre. (val ai duh shanbr'). A gentleman's servant 
Vis a, vis. (veez ah vee'). Face to face. 

In the foregoing French Words and Phrases the pronunciation has been 
given whenever any combination of English sounds would serve the pur- 
pose ; but, as we have no sounds in the English language which bear any 
resemblance to the French, nasal sounds, whenever these occur, the pro- 
nunciation has not been attempted. These sounds can only be learned 
from the living teacher. 




212 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



A. or Ans. Answer. 
A. C. After Christ. 

E. East. 

F. R. S. Fellow of the 
Royal Society. 

M. P. Member of Par- 
liament. 

N. North. 

N. C. North Carolina. 

N. E. North East. 

N. H. New Hampshire. 

N. J. New Jersey. 

N. W. T. North West 
Territory. 

N. W. North West. 

N. S. New Style. 

N Y. New York. 

O. S. Old Style. 

Q. Question. 

R. I. Rhode Island. 

S. South. 

S. C. South Carolina. 

S^ E. South East. 

S. W. South West. 

U. S. United States. 

U. S. N. United States' 
Navy. 

V. Verse. 

W. West. 

&c. And so on. 



ABBREVIATIONS. 

Acct. Account. 
Al. Alabama. 
Atty. Attorney. 
Chap, or ch. Chapter. 
Co. Company. 
Cr. Creditor or credit. 
Ct. or Con. Connecti- 
cut. 
Cwt. Hundred weight. 
Dec. December. 
Del. Delaware. 
Dep. Deputy. 
Dr. Doctor, Debtor. 
Dwt. Pennyweight. 
Ed. Editor or edition. 
Eng. English. 
Feb. February. 
Fr. French. 
Gen. General, Genesis. 
Gent. Gentleman 
Geo. Georgia. 
Gov. Governor. 
Gr. Grains. 
Hhd. Hogshead. 
Ind. Indiana. 
Inst. Instant. 
Jan. January. 
Jun. Junior, June. 
Lat. Latitude. 
Lieut. Lieutenant. 



Ba- 



A. B. Artium baccalaureus 

chelor of Arts. 
A. D. Anno Domini. In the year 

of our Lord. 
A. M. Artium Magister. Master of 

Arts. 
A. M. Anno mundi. In the year of 

the world. 
A. M. Ante meridiem. Before noon. 

A. U. C. Anno urbis conditce. In the 
year from the building of the city 
of Rome. 

B. D. Baccalaureus divinitatis. Ba- 
chelor of divinity. 

C. S. Custos sigilli. Keeper of the 
seal. 

D. D. Doctor divinitatis. Doctor 
of Divinity, 

E. G. Exempli gratia. For example. 
I. E. Id est. That is. 

J. H. S. Jesus Hominum Salvator. 

Jesus the Saviour of men. 
Lb. Libra. A pound (in weight). 



Lon. Longitude. 
Lou. Louisiana. 
Mas. Masculine. . 
Mass. Massachusetts. 
Md. Maryland. 
Me. Maine. 
MS. Manuscript. 
MSS. Manuscripts. 
Nom. Nominative. 
Nov. November. 
Obj. Objective. 
Oct. October. 
Pa. or Penn. Pennsyl- 
vania. 
Part. Participle. 
Pres. President. 
Prof. Professor. 
Ps. Psalm. 
Qr. Quarter. 
Qu. or qy. Query. 
Reed. Received. 
Sec. Secretary. 
Sen. Senior. 
Sep. September. 
St. Saint; Street. 
Tenn. Tennessee. 
Va. Virginia. 
Vt. Vermont. 
Wt. Weight. 
| Yd. Yard. 

LL. D. Legum Doctor. Doctor of 

laws. 
L. s. d. Libra, solidi, denarii.Founds 

shillings, pence. 
M. D. Mcdicince Doctor. Doctor of 

medicine. 
M. S. Memorice Sacrum. Sacred to 

the memory. 
N. B. Nota bene. Mark well. 
P. M. Post meridiem. Afternoon. 
P. S. Post scriptum. Postscript. 
Q. E. D. Quod erat demonstrandum. 

Which was to be demonstrated. 
V. or vid. Vide. See. 






Cap. Caput. Head or chapter. 

Ibid. Ibidem. In the same place. 

Nem. con. Nemine contradicente. 
Nobody opposing. 

No. Numero. In number. 

Per cent. Per centum. By the hun- 
dred. 

Ult. Ultimo. The last (month). 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 213 


ARITHMETICAL TABLES. 


NUMERATION TABLE. 


E*-3g a^H ffiHcl 




aSt^ s a o a s £•' 




o- M 5" ^°° £ fr™ ff 




2 O 3 ' O eg £ 1 

"3 2&& M 21 


One * 

Twenty-one 


S>g r§ 32 1 


Three hundred and twenty-one 


S §" • § iB 4" 3 2 1 


4 Thousand 321 


g m 5 4 3 2 1 


54 Thousand 321 


§ 6 5 4 3 2 1 


654 Thousand 321 


w 7 654 321 


7 Millions 654 thousand 321 . 


87 654 321 


87 Millions 654 thousand 321 


987 65 4 321 


987 Millions 654 thousand 321 


The above table is comprised in the following one. 


Units i-O 


Tens <n > Units. 


Hundreds ■■»"«) 


Thousands - - - - rf ■ ~) 


Tens of thousands - - 10 > Thousands. 


Hundreds of thousands <o ) 


Millions - - - - - i> } 


Tens of millions - - oo > Millions. 


Hundreds of millions - ^ j 


MULTIPLICATION 


TABLE. 


Twice 


3 times 


4 times 


5 times 


6 times 


7 times 


1 make 2 


1 make 3 


1 make 4 


1 make 5 


1 make 6 


1 make 7 


2 4 


2 6 


2 8 


2 10 


2 12 


2 14 


3 6 


3 9 


3 12 


3 15 


3 18 


3 21 


4 8 


4 12 


4 16 


4 20 


4 24 


4 28 


5 10 


5 15 


5 20 


5 25 


5 30 


5 35 


6 12 


6 ]8 


6 24 


6 30 


6 36 


6 42 


7 14 


7 21 


7 28 


7 35 


7 42 


7 49 


8 16 


8 24 


8 32 


8 40 


8 48 


8 56 


9 18 


9 27 


9 36 


9 45 


9 54 


9 63 


10 20 


10 30 


10 40 


10 50 


10 60 


10 70 


11 22 


11 33 


11 44 


11 55 


11 66 


11 77 


12 24 


12 36 


12 48 


12 60 


12 72 


12 84 


8 times 


9 times 


10 times 


11 times 


12 times 


1 make 8 


1 make 9 


1 make 10 


1 make 1 1 


1 make 12 


2 16 


2 18 


2 20 


2 . 22 


2 24 


3 24 


3 27 


3 30 


3 33 


3 36 


4 32 


4 36 


4 40 


4 44 


4 48 


5 40 


5 45 


5 50 


5 55 


5 60 


6 48 


6 54 


6 60 


6 66 


6 72 


7 56 


7 63 


7 70 


7 77 


7 84 


8 64 


8 72 


8 80 


8 88 


8 96 


9 72 


9 81 


9 90 


9 99 


9 108 


10 80 


10 90 


10 100 


10 110 


10 120 


11 88 


11 99 


11 110 


11 121 


11 132 


12 96 


12 108 


12 120 


12 132 


12 144 






214 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



FEDERAL MONEY; 
Or money of the United States. 
The denominations are, Eagle, Dollar, Dime, Cent, and Mill. 
10 mills, [marked m.~\ make 1 cent, [marked ct. 



10 cents 

10 dimes, or 100 cents 

10 dollars - - - - 



1 dime, 
1 dollar, 
1 Eagle, 



d. 



D. or 



E. 



ENGLISH MONEY. 

The denominations are, Pound, Shilling, Penny, and Farthing. 
4 farthings [qr.~\ make 1 penny, [marked d. 
12 pence - - - - 1 shilling, s. 

20 shillings - - - 1 pound, I. 

Farthings are generally written thus : 
5=1 farthing. 

^=2 farthings, or a half-penny. 
#=3 farthino-s. 







PENCE TABLES. 


d. 


s. d. 


d. s. d. 


s. d. 


20 


1 8 


80 = 6 8 


2 = 24 


30 


2 6 


90 7 6 


3 36 


40 


3 4 


100 8 4 


4 48 


50 


4 2 


110 9 2 


5 60 


60 


5 


120 10 


6 72 


70 


5 10 




7 84 




To reduce pence to cents, add f-. 




Tc 


reduce cents to pence, subtract |-. 



8 

9 

10 

11 

12 



d. 

96 
108 
120 
132 
144 



pound, 



AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 
By this weight are weighed things of a coarse drossy nature ; and 
all metals except silver and gold. 

The denominations are ton, hundred weight, quarter, 
ounce, and dram. 

16 drams [marked dr.] make 1 ounce, [marked oz. 

16 ounces 1 pound, lb. 

28 pounds 1 quarter qr. 

4 quarters, or 112 lb. - - 1 hundred weight, cwt. 
20 hundred weight - - - 1 ton, T. 



TROY WEIGHT. 

By this weight, jewels, gold, silver, and liquors, are weighed ; and 
the denominations are, pound, ounce, pennyweight, and grain. 
' 24 grains [marked gr.~\ make 1 pennyweight, [marked dwt. 
20 pennyweights - - - 1 ounce, oz. 

12 ounces 1 pound, lb. 



PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



215 



APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 
By this weight Apothecaries mix their medicines ; but they buy 
and sell by avoirdupois weight. 

The denominations are, pound, ounce, dram, scruple, and grain. 

20 grains [gr.] make 1 scruple, marked B. 

3 scruples - - - 1 dram, 3. 

8 drams - - ^ 1 ounce, gt 

12 ounces - - - 1 pound, ife . 

LONG MEASURE. 

Long measure is used for lengths and distances. The denominations 

of which are degree, league, mile, furlong, pole, yard, foot, and inch. 

12 inches [marked in.] make 1 foot, [marked ft. 

3 feet -------1 yard, yd. 

5| yards - 1 rod, pole, or perch, P. 



40 poles (or 220 yards) 
8 furlongs 
3 miles - 



60 geographic, or ) 



1 furlong, 
1 mile, 
1 league 

1 degree, 



fur. 
m. 
L. 



69^ statute miles, 
360 degrees, the circumference of the earth. 
A hand is a measure of 4 inches ; and is used in measuring the 
height of horses. - A fathom is six feet ; and is used principally in 
measuring the depth of water. 

LAND MEASURE, OR SQUARE MEASURE. 
The denominations of land measure are, acre, rood, square perch, 
square yard, square foot, and square inch. 

144 square inches [marked in.] make 1 square foot, marked/?. 

9 square feet -1 square yard, yd. 

30£ square yards ------ 1 square perch, P. 

40 square perches 1 rood, jR. 

4 roods 1 acre, A. 

CLOTH MEASURE. 

By this measure cloth, tapes, &c. are measured. The denomina- 
tions are, English and French ell, yard, Flemish ell, Hamburg ell, 
quarter of a yard, nail and inch. 

2-4: inches [marked in.] make 1 nail, [marked n. 

4 nails - -1 quarter, qr. 

2\ quarters, or 10 nails - 1 ell Hamburg, e. H. 

3 quarters - 1 ell Flemish, e. F. 

4 quarters - 1 yard, yd. 

5 quarters 1 ell English or French, e. E. e. F. 

CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE. 

By this measure is ascertained the solid content of stone, timber, 
&c. and the denominations are, cubic yard, cubic foot, and cubic inch. 
1728 cubic inches [marked cu. in.] make 1 cubic foot, [marked cu.ft. 

27 cubic feet -------1 cubic yard, cu. yd. 

128 cubic feet - - 1 cord of wood or bark, cd. 




216 - PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 



LIQUID MEASURE. 
This measure is used for beer, cider, wine, &c. The denomina- 
tions are, tun, pipe or butt, hogshead, tierce, barrel, gallon, quart 
and pint. 

2 pints [marked pt.~\ make 1 quart, [marked qt. 

4 quarts. ----- 1 gallon, gal. 

31^ gallons ----- 1 barrel, bar. 

42 gallons - - - - - 1 tierce, tier. 

63 gallons 1 hogshead hhd. 

2 hogsheads - - - - 1 pipe or butt, p. b. 
2 pipes or butts v - - - 1 tun, T. 

DRY MEASURE. 
This measure is used for grain, fruit, salt, &c. and the denomina- 
tions are, bushel, peck, quart and pint. 

2 pints [marked pt.] make 1 quart, [marked qt. 
8 quarts ----- 1 peck, pk. 

4 pecks ----- 1 bushel, bu. 



TIME. 

The denominations of Time are, year, month, week, day, hour, 
minute, and second. 

60 seconds [marked sec] make 1 minute, [marked min. 
60. minutes -------1 hour, hr. 

24 hours 1 day, da. 

7 days 1 week, wk. 

4 weeks 1 lunar month, lu. mo. 

13 lunar months, 1 day, 6 hours, } 

12 calendar months, or > 1 year yr. 

365 days and 6 hours, ) 

The number of days contained in each calendar month may be found 
in any common almanac, and is aleo stated in the following lines, viz : 

The fourth, eleventh, ninth and sixth, 
We thirty days to each affix, 
And ev'ry other thirty-one, 
Except the second month alone, 
To which we twenty-eight assign, 
Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. 

Or thus : Thirty days has September, 
April, June, and November, 
All the rest have thirty-one. 
Excepting February alone. 
To which we twenty-eight assign, 
Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. 

When the year can be divided by 4 without remainder, it is a 
Leap-Year, in which the second month (February) has 29 days. 

MOTION; OR CIRCULAR MEASURE. 
The denominations of this measure are, revolution, or circle, sign, 
degree, minute, and second. 

60 seconds [marked "] make 1 minute, [marked ' 
60 minutes - - - - - 1 degree, 
30 degrees ----- 1 sign, sig. 

12 signs 1 revolution. 

THE END. 




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